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Can Qualitative Social Science Make it in the Health Research Field?
Mathieu AlbertWilson Centre
University of Toronto
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• Two PapersAlbert, M., Laberge, S., & Hodges, Brian D. (2009) Boundary work in the health
research field: Biomedical and clinician scientists’ perceptions of social science research. Minerva. A Review of Science, Learning and Policy. 47(2): 171-194.
Albert, M., Laberge, S., Hodges, B.D., Regehr, G. & Lingard, L. (2008). Biomedical scientists’ perception of social science in health research. Social Science & Medicine, 66: 2520-2531.
• Personal experience
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Interdisciplinary Research
Organizational Boundaries
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• Semi-structured interviews
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Members of peer review committees at the
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Exert influence on scientific activities
Embody an institutionalized definition of scientific excellence
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Opinions concerning the value of the social sciences
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Appraisal of different research methods
(experimental, quasi-exp., qualitative and quantitative survey approaches)
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1
Clinician scientists
Biomedical scientists
Ambivalence zone 3.3
4.6
2
2.22.3
2.52.6
2.8
3
3.5 3.6
3.8
4
4.34.4
1.21.3
1.41.5
1.61.7
1.8
2
2.2
2.3 2.4
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.8
4
4.2
1.2
1.6
1.8
5
4.54.6
1.5
Highly unreceptive
Highly receptive
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1
Clinician scientists
Biomedical scientists
Ambivalence zone
1.2
5
4.6
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Clinician scientists
Biomedical scientists
Ambivalence zone
4.6
3.8
4
4.34.4
5
Highly unreceptive
3.8
4
4.2
4.54.6
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1
Clinician scientists
Biomedical scientists
Ambivalence zone
1.21.3
1.41.5
1.61.7
1.8
2
2.2
2.3 2.4
Highly receptive
2
2.22.3
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.5
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Clinician scientists
Biomedical scientists
3.3
2.52.6
2.8
3
3.5 3.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
Highly unreceptive
Highly receptive
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The questions are just as relevant
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The methods are just as scientific & rigorous
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Some aspects of health can only be
studied by the Social Sciences
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Depends on its capacity to
adequately respond to a research question
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Not the degree to which it
conforms to a given scientific paradigm
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There are no universal criteria that would make it possible
to determine a priori the superiority of one method
over another
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“The choice of a method depends exclusively on the research question.
Certain questions can only be studied using qualitative methods;
one must therefore use them without asking oneself if they are less
rigorous than quantitative methods. All methods are rigorous; it depends on the way in which they are used.”
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“It’s not fair to critique the social sciences by saying they interpret data because we do that all the time in basic science when we
get data that doesn’t fit with what we expect. When that happens, we start looking at
alternative explanations. So, my first answer would be that there is more bias in social
science, but if I were really thinking critically – which we don’t often do – I might probably
be willing to sit on the fence and say it is probably the same in basic science.”
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Although half of the clinician scientists appeared to be receptive to social science...
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... are they actually receptive to the kind of science that social scientists do?
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good methodology=good qualitative research
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• Multiple coding• Purposive sampling• Sample saturation• Triangulation• Member checking• Peer debriefing• Audit trail
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The best science must involve the
performance of an intervention on variables
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This intervention must be done in a controlled environment or with a
randomized sample in order to permit the establishment of a causal relationship or
a correlational relationship
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Results must be reproducible to ensure that they
are not due to chance
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Social Science is not a legitimate scientific practice
Hierarchy among research methods
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“Experiments where there is perturbation of some parameters and measures to establish
causality is sort of the highest level of scientific research, and then the next level is looking at relationships, and this would be
quantitative surveys and epidemiology. Interviews and focus groups? They’re
anecdotes. They’re opinions. And opinions are not science.”
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A cautious acceptance of the
Social Sciences
Reservations regarding
qualitative research
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No ExposureExposure
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“Like most of my colleagues in the biomedical sciences, I thought that rigor and
logic were the characteristics of the basic sciences. But when I got to know the social
sciences better, I realized that logic and rigor actually constitute one of their
strengths. And that, for me, was a real shock. ”
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The perception of social science research differ importantly both among Biomedical scientists and Clinician scientists.
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Clinician scientists seem to be more receptive
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Biomedical scientists seem to be more unreceptive
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It could be worthwhile to put in place educational mechanisms to better educate health scientists about the usefulness and rigor of social science research
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Can Qualitative Social Science Make it in the Health Research Field?
•Comments inspired by my professional experience
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• Yes and No
• Yes, if you follow the rules of the game in Health Research
• No, if you persist in playing the scientific game according to the rules in SSC
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What are the rules in the (medical) Health domain?
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• 3000 words paper (clinical journals)
• Often to provide useful information (problem-solving)
• No theory (descriptive analysis)
• No thorough review of the literature
• No comprehensive discussion (data, interpretation and theoretical implications)
• Limited contribution to (basic) knowledge-building
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• Productivity (3000 words versus 10000 words papers)
• Books, book chapters, reports
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If you don’t play the scientific game according to the (medical) Health Research rules, it is unlikely that you will be successful in the Health domain...
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A potential strategy:
Have a dual production, one for the community of social scientists and one for the community of health scientists.
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Thank you
Questions?Comments?