Can Less Be More – How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At ...
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Can Less Be More – How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At Establishment? The Wisconsin Agri-Business Classic Alliant Energy Center - Madison, WI January 10, 2018 Kevin Jarek Mark Renz Crops, Soils, and Horticulture Agent Weed Scientist UW-Extension, Outagamie County UW-Madison, UW-Extension
Transcript of Can Less Be More – How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At ...
Why reduce RR alfalfa Seeding rate?Can Less Be More – How Much
Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At Establishment?
The Wisconsin Agri-Business Classic Alliant Energy Center - Madison, WI
January 10, 2018 Kevin Jarek Mark Renz Crops, Soils, and Horticulture Agent Weed Scientist UW-Extension, Outagamie County UW-Madison, UW-Extension
So, Why the Interest in Alfalfa Seeding Rates?
Safe to Say a Lot has Changed Over the Years…
Equipment isn’t the Only Thing That Has Changed…
The Alfalfa We Are Planting Looks a Little Different Too…
So, What Exactly Are These Coatings?
• Rhizobium Bacteria
What Might Be the Obvious Question?
• While each component of the “coated” seed may enhance the ability of that particular seed to establish successfully…
• What does this do to the total amount of “Pure Live Seed” (PLS)in a Bag if Alfalfa is Still Sold by Weight?
Due to the Development of Many of These “Coated” Products New Questions Arose…
• How Do These “Coated” Products Affect My Usual Alfalfa Seeding Rates?
• Do I Need to Adjust Seeding Rates Depending on Whether I am Planting Alfalfa that is “Coated” or “Non-Coated”?
• What Seeding Rate Should We Be Using to Maximize our Plant Establishment?
So, What is the Range in Alfalfa Planting Rates Across the State of Wisconsin?
So, What is Pure Live Seed (PLS)?
• Pure Live Seed (PLS) is Calculated by Multiplying the % Germination and Hard Seed X the Pure Seed in a bag.
• Current Recommendation for the Upper Midwest is to Plant No Less than 10 lbs. of PLS per Acre when Establishing Alfalfa
Not Everyone is Utilizing the Latest Technology…
Heavy Coated Seed – PLS Calculations
Alforex Hi-Gest 360 Pure Live Seed (PLS) • Germination and Hard Seed = 93% • Pure Seed = 65.98%
• Germination and Hard Seed (93%) X Pure Seed (65.98%) = 63.16% PLS
• A 50 lb. Bag of Alforex Hi-Gest 360 would contain how many lbs. PLS?
• 50 lbs. X 63.16% PLS = 31.58 lbs. of PLS
Light Coating – PLS Calculations
No Coating – PLS Calculations
Arlington Research Station – Mike Bertram, Mark Renz, and Chris Bloomingdale
Why Reduce RR Alfalfa Seeding Rate? • Industry recommended seeding rates 15-20 lbs seed/A • Research shows little benefit to seeding > 10 lbs PLS/A
• In Wisconsin, 12 lbs PLS/A unless poor growing conditions
• Coated alfalfa seed is common (can be > 30% of weight)
• Technology Fee for RR alfalfa and HarvXtra
• QUESTION: How Does Seeding Rate and Weed Control Affect • Alfalfa Yield • Stand Density
Methods • Planted at Arlington
• 7.7, 9.3, 11, 12.3, 13.6, 15.1, 16.6 lbs PLS/A
• Applied Roundup WeatherMax 29 fl oz/A to ½ plots
• 6/10/16 • Lambsquarter, common
• Harvested 6/27/16
Glyphosate-Alfalfa
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160
GlyphosateGlyphosate: y = 0.27x + 83.87 R2=0.0025 P-value=0.6480
Conclusions from Arlington Research
• Seeding rate didn’t impact alfalfa or total yield • No difference in establishment year • No difference spring after establishment year
• Alfalfa stem density was similar spring after establishment
• No effect of seeding rate • No effect from glyphosate application
Team Forage – Agronomy Workgroup Response
Participating Wisconsin Counties
20
30.2
81.2
50.2
27.4
19.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT
STEMS PER SQ FT
Each Site Had It’s Own Characteristics…
The Importance of Digging Alfalfa when Getting Plant and Stem Counts…
61.6
42.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT
STEMS PER SQ FT
Outagamie County – Kevin Jarek
45.25
32.33
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
August 2015 October 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
Clark County – Richard Halopka
Legacy 455 HD Dairyland Magnum 7
Four Different Alfalfa Varieties were Examined
Renk W4AANO Marathon 500
60
20
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT RENK TWO GOLD W4AA NO
STEMS PER SQ FT RENK TWO GOLD W4AA NO
PLANTS PER SQ FT MAGNUM 7 WET
STEMS PER SQ FT MAGMUN 7 WET
PLANTS PER SQ FT MARATHON 500
STEMS PER SQ FT MARATHON 500
Shawano County – Jamie Patton
44.2
23.4
16.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT HYBRI-FORCE 2420 W
STEMS PER SQ FT HYBRI-FORCE 2420 W
Chippewa County – Jerry Clark
Chippewa County – Jerry Clark
stands, will be interesting to track these fields.
• One farm rotated fields because of infestation of white clover.
50
29
21
8
61
42
61
35
27
11
70
68
60
40
31
12
68
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
54
38
29
7
70
41
47
25
24
11
63
40
49
31
28
11
74
51
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
50
29
21
8
61
42
61
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.
Some of the Impediments to a Productive Alfalfa Stand…
Residue from Previous Year(s), Cover Crops that Tiller, and Everyone’s Favorite… Stones
Oh, Did I Mention the Equipment Operators…
Honorable Mention – Outagamie & Buffalo Counties
Honorable Mention - St. Croix County – Ryan Sterry
New Seeding in Spring, 30 Days after Planting - P=0.84
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
New Seeding in Fall, 5 Months After Planting - P=0.19
10
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140
8-12 12-15 15-18
Second Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.69
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chart1
PLANTS PER SQ FT STEMS PER SQ FT
2 Full Years of Data PLS Impact on Plants and Stems Arlington Research Station
22
25
27
30.5
25
31.5
37
35.5
14.5
21
20.5
23.5
24
24.5
25
29
20
83
16.33
68
17
67
22.5
93
19
77
18
68.5
17
92
17
74.5
7.5
40.5
9.66
40.67
8.5
35
11.5
57.5
13
51
9.5
39
12
47
8
36
Sheet1
2.052 2.02
0.86
0.99
6.126
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1ST CUTTING 5/18 2ND CUTTING 6/22 3RD CUTTING 7/18 4TH CUTTING 8/18 SEASON
T O N S
In Conclusion…
• We did not see a statistically significant difference in plant counts across the different seeding rates (12.5 lbs. to 22.5 lbs/8.8 lbs PLS to 17.8 lbs PLS) from the data collected across the state of Wisconsin.
• In addition, there was no observed statistically significant difference in stem counts from data collected across the state.
• The Upper Midwest Recommendation for PLS is not less than 10 lbs. per acre when establishing a new stand.
• Wisconsin recommendation is 10 – 12 lbs. PLS. • Industry recommendations may be higher than Upper Midwest and
Wisconsin recommendation.
Thanks to All of the Following Cooperators • Mike Bertram – Station Manager, Arlington Research Station • Chris Bloomingdale – Agronomy Graduate Student, UW-Madison • Jerry Clark – Agriculture Agent, Chippewa County • Carl Duley – Agriculture Agent, Buffalo County • Richard Halopka – Agriculture Agent, Clark County • Jamie Patton - Agriculture Agent, Shawano County • Mark Renz – Weed Scientist, UW-Madison/UW-Extension • Eric Ronk – Agriculture Agent, Calumet County • John Schneider – Scenic Valley Cooperative/Infinity Feeds, Seymour • Ryan Sterry – Agriculture Agent, St. Croix County
Can Less Be More – How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At Establishment?
So, Why the Interest in Alfalfa Seeding Rates?
Safe to Say a Lot has Changed Over the Years…
Equipment isn’t the Only Thing That Has Changed…
The Alfalfa We Are Planting Looks a Little Different Too…
So, What Exactly Are These Coatings?
What Might Be the Obvious Question?
Due to the Development of Many of These “Coated” Products New Questions Arose…
So, What is the Range in Alfalfa Planting Rates Across the State of Wisconsin?
So, What is Pure Live Seed (PLS)?
Not Everyone is Utilizing the Latest Technology…
Heavy Coated Seed – PLS Calculations
Alforex Hi-Gest 360 Pure Live Seed (PLS)
Light Coating – PLS Calculations
No Coating – PLS Calculations
Arlington Research Station – Mike Bertram, Mark Renz, and Chris Bloomingdale
Why Reduce RR Alfalfa Seeding Rate?
Methods
Conclusions from Arlington Research
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 27
Each Site Had It’s Own Characteristics…
The Importance of Digging Alfalfa when Getting Plant and Stem Counts…
Slide Number 31
Slide Number 34
Four Different Alfalfa Varieties were Examined
Sometimes You Just Have to Improvise…
Slide Number 39
Slide Number 43
Some of the Impediments to a Productive Alfalfa Stand…
Residue from Previous Year(s), Cover Crops that Tiller, and Everyone’s Favorite… Stones
Oh, Did I Mention the Equipment Operators…
Honorable Mention – Outagamie & Buffalo Counties
Honorable Mention - St. Croix County – Ryan Sterry
New Seeding in Spring, 30 Days after Planting - P=0.84
New Seeding in Fall, 5 Months After Planting - P=0.19
First Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.50
Second Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.69
Slide Number 58
In Conclusion…
The Wisconsin Agri-Business Classic Alliant Energy Center - Madison, WI
January 10, 2018 Kevin Jarek Mark Renz Crops, Soils, and Horticulture Agent Weed Scientist UW-Extension, Outagamie County UW-Madison, UW-Extension
So, Why the Interest in Alfalfa Seeding Rates?
Safe to Say a Lot has Changed Over the Years…
Equipment isn’t the Only Thing That Has Changed…
The Alfalfa We Are Planting Looks a Little Different Too…
So, What Exactly Are These Coatings?
• Rhizobium Bacteria
What Might Be the Obvious Question?
• While each component of the “coated” seed may enhance the ability of that particular seed to establish successfully…
• What does this do to the total amount of “Pure Live Seed” (PLS)in a Bag if Alfalfa is Still Sold by Weight?
Due to the Development of Many of These “Coated” Products New Questions Arose…
• How Do These “Coated” Products Affect My Usual Alfalfa Seeding Rates?
• Do I Need to Adjust Seeding Rates Depending on Whether I am Planting Alfalfa that is “Coated” or “Non-Coated”?
• What Seeding Rate Should We Be Using to Maximize our Plant Establishment?
So, What is the Range in Alfalfa Planting Rates Across the State of Wisconsin?
So, What is Pure Live Seed (PLS)?
• Pure Live Seed (PLS) is Calculated by Multiplying the % Germination and Hard Seed X the Pure Seed in a bag.
• Current Recommendation for the Upper Midwest is to Plant No Less than 10 lbs. of PLS per Acre when Establishing Alfalfa
Not Everyone is Utilizing the Latest Technology…
Heavy Coated Seed – PLS Calculations
Alforex Hi-Gest 360 Pure Live Seed (PLS) • Germination and Hard Seed = 93% • Pure Seed = 65.98%
• Germination and Hard Seed (93%) X Pure Seed (65.98%) = 63.16% PLS
• A 50 lb. Bag of Alforex Hi-Gest 360 would contain how many lbs. PLS?
• 50 lbs. X 63.16% PLS = 31.58 lbs. of PLS
Light Coating – PLS Calculations
No Coating – PLS Calculations
Arlington Research Station – Mike Bertram, Mark Renz, and Chris Bloomingdale
Why Reduce RR Alfalfa Seeding Rate? • Industry recommended seeding rates 15-20 lbs seed/A • Research shows little benefit to seeding > 10 lbs PLS/A
• In Wisconsin, 12 lbs PLS/A unless poor growing conditions
• Coated alfalfa seed is common (can be > 30% of weight)
• Technology Fee for RR alfalfa and HarvXtra
• QUESTION: How Does Seeding Rate and Weed Control Affect • Alfalfa Yield • Stand Density
Methods • Planted at Arlington
• 7.7, 9.3, 11, 12.3, 13.6, 15.1, 16.6 lbs PLS/A
• Applied Roundup WeatherMax 29 fl oz/A to ½ plots
• 6/10/16 • Lambsquarter, common
• Harvested 6/27/16
Glyphosate-Alfalfa
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160
GlyphosateGlyphosate: y = 0.27x + 83.87 R2=0.0025 P-value=0.6480
Conclusions from Arlington Research
• Seeding rate didn’t impact alfalfa or total yield • No difference in establishment year • No difference spring after establishment year
• Alfalfa stem density was similar spring after establishment
• No effect of seeding rate • No effect from glyphosate application
Team Forage – Agronomy Workgroup Response
Participating Wisconsin Counties
20
30.2
81.2
50.2
27.4
19.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT
STEMS PER SQ FT
Each Site Had It’s Own Characteristics…
The Importance of Digging Alfalfa when Getting Plant and Stem Counts…
61.6
42.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT
STEMS PER SQ FT
Outagamie County – Kevin Jarek
45.25
32.33
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
August 2015 October 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
Clark County – Richard Halopka
Legacy 455 HD Dairyland Magnum 7
Four Different Alfalfa Varieties were Examined
Renk W4AANO Marathon 500
60
20
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT RENK TWO GOLD W4AA NO
STEMS PER SQ FT RENK TWO GOLD W4AA NO
PLANTS PER SQ FT MAGNUM 7 WET
STEMS PER SQ FT MAGMUN 7 WET
PLANTS PER SQ FT MARATHON 500
STEMS PER SQ FT MARATHON 500
Shawano County – Jamie Patton
44.2
23.4
16.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT HYBRI-FORCE 2420 W
STEMS PER SQ FT HYBRI-FORCE 2420 W
Chippewa County – Jerry Clark
Chippewa County – Jerry Clark
stands, will be interesting to track these fields.
• One farm rotated fields because of infestation of white clover.
50
29
21
8
61
42
61
35
27
11
70
68
60
40
31
12
68
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
54
38
29
7
70
41
47
25
24
11
63
40
49
31
28
11
74
51
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
50
29
21
8
61
42
61
P L A N T S
P E R
P E R
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.
PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.
STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.
Some of the Impediments to a Productive Alfalfa Stand…
Residue from Previous Year(s), Cover Crops that Tiller, and Everyone’s Favorite… Stones
Oh, Did I Mention the Equipment Operators…
Honorable Mention – Outagamie & Buffalo Counties
Honorable Mention - St. Croix County – Ryan Sterry
New Seeding in Spring, 30 Days after Planting - P=0.84
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
New Seeding in Fall, 5 Months After Planting - P=0.19
10
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140
8-12 12-15 15-18
Second Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.69
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chart1
PLANTS PER SQ FT STEMS PER SQ FT
2 Full Years of Data PLS Impact on Plants and Stems Arlington Research Station
22
25
27
30.5
25
31.5
37
35.5
14.5
21
20.5
23.5
24
24.5
25
29
20
83
16.33
68
17
67
22.5
93
19
77
18
68.5
17
92
17
74.5
7.5
40.5
9.66
40.67
8.5
35
11.5
57.5
13
51
9.5
39
12
47
8
36
Sheet1
2.052 2.02
0.86
0.99
6.126
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1ST CUTTING 5/18 2ND CUTTING 6/22 3RD CUTTING 7/18 4TH CUTTING 8/18 SEASON
T O N S
In Conclusion…
• We did not see a statistically significant difference in plant counts across the different seeding rates (12.5 lbs. to 22.5 lbs/8.8 lbs PLS to 17.8 lbs PLS) from the data collected across the state of Wisconsin.
• In addition, there was no observed statistically significant difference in stem counts from data collected across the state.
• The Upper Midwest Recommendation for PLS is not less than 10 lbs. per acre when establishing a new stand.
• Wisconsin recommendation is 10 – 12 lbs. PLS. • Industry recommendations may be higher than Upper Midwest and
Wisconsin recommendation.
Thanks to All of the Following Cooperators • Mike Bertram – Station Manager, Arlington Research Station • Chris Bloomingdale – Agronomy Graduate Student, UW-Madison • Jerry Clark – Agriculture Agent, Chippewa County • Carl Duley – Agriculture Agent, Buffalo County • Richard Halopka – Agriculture Agent, Clark County • Jamie Patton - Agriculture Agent, Shawano County • Mark Renz – Weed Scientist, UW-Madison/UW-Extension • Eric Ronk – Agriculture Agent, Calumet County • John Schneider – Scenic Valley Cooperative/Infinity Feeds, Seymour • Ryan Sterry – Agriculture Agent, St. Croix County
Can Less Be More – How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At Establishment?
So, Why the Interest in Alfalfa Seeding Rates?
Safe to Say a Lot has Changed Over the Years…
Equipment isn’t the Only Thing That Has Changed…
The Alfalfa We Are Planting Looks a Little Different Too…
So, What Exactly Are These Coatings?
What Might Be the Obvious Question?
Due to the Development of Many of These “Coated” Products New Questions Arose…
So, What is the Range in Alfalfa Planting Rates Across the State of Wisconsin?
So, What is Pure Live Seed (PLS)?
Not Everyone is Utilizing the Latest Technology…
Heavy Coated Seed – PLS Calculations
Alforex Hi-Gest 360 Pure Live Seed (PLS)
Light Coating – PLS Calculations
No Coating – PLS Calculations
Arlington Research Station – Mike Bertram, Mark Renz, and Chris Bloomingdale
Why Reduce RR Alfalfa Seeding Rate?
Methods
Conclusions from Arlington Research
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 27
Each Site Had It’s Own Characteristics…
The Importance of Digging Alfalfa when Getting Plant and Stem Counts…
Slide Number 31
Slide Number 34
Four Different Alfalfa Varieties were Examined
Sometimes You Just Have to Improvise…
Slide Number 39
Slide Number 43
Some of the Impediments to a Productive Alfalfa Stand…
Residue from Previous Year(s), Cover Crops that Tiller, and Everyone’s Favorite… Stones
Oh, Did I Mention the Equipment Operators…
Honorable Mention – Outagamie & Buffalo Counties
Honorable Mention - St. Croix County – Ryan Sterry
New Seeding in Spring, 30 Days after Planting - P=0.84
New Seeding in Fall, 5 Months After Planting - P=0.19
First Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.50
Second Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.69
Slide Number 58
In Conclusion…
![RESEARCH Open Access Evaluation of alfalfa inter-seeding ... · Thirty six mid lactation Holstein cows [34.8±5.8 kg 3.5% fat-corrected milk and 112±19 d in milk (DIM)] were stratified](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/5f77106673e3b54c1e1d3cf5/research-open-access-evaluation-of-alfalfa-inter-seeding-thirty-six-mid-lactation.jpg)
