CamSur DraftCLUP

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

CANAMAN, CAMARINES SUR

2013 – 2023 ( draft 29 January 2014)

Preliminary Pages

Resolution adopting the CLUP and enacting the ZO

Foreword

All local government units are mandated by law, specifically the Local Government Code of 1991, to prepare “comprehensive land use plans, enacted through

zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources”.

On its part, the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board has crafted several volumes of guidelines to help the local government units and serve as guide in the

formulation or updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUP) and Zoning Ordinances.

These all become more significant as the municipality of Canaman is experiencing considerable growth and change. Like any area undergoing change, the

municipality is facing a range of challenges which, if capitalized on, present great opportunities for Canaman.

The CLUP outlines the challenges and opportunities being experienced by the municipality, and ways to respond to these. Being a land use plan, the CLUP

focuses on places, and the geographical areas impacted by the various challenges and opportunities. The CLUP sets the framework for the municipality’s

Zoning Ordinance, which contains guidelines as to what can be developed on any piece of land in the municipality.

The CLUP also provides localized strategies to support the direction outlined in the National Physical Framework Plan, Regional Physical Framework Plan and

Provincial Physical Framework Plan. It has been guided by the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 (PA21), which is the national agenda for sustainable

development. PA 21 envisions a “better quality of life for all through the development of a just, moral, creative, spiritual, economically-vibrant, caring, diverse

yet cohesive society characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and democratic process and living in harmony within the limits of the carrying

capacity of nature and the integrity of creation”1.

1 As quoted in HLURB Guidelines for preparing a CLUP, Volume 1, page 7-8.

Acknowledgement

The CLUP was prepared through the Municipal Planning and Development Office, working closely with a Technical Working Group containing

representatives of the Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Agricultural, Environment and Natural Resources Office, Municipal Social Welfare &

Development Office and Municipal Budget Office. Regular consultations, workshops, formal and informal dialogues were conducted to gather/validate

information and consider inputs from other municipal offices, elected officials, external stakeholders and the communities.

Acknowledgement, then, is due to all who participated in the consultations in the 24 barangays, especially the barangay officials who helped in the

realization of the activities.

Likewise, we would like to thank all the participants in the various workshops conducted in the course of the preparation of this document.

Equal appreciation is given to all the municipal offices of Canaman, including the national government agencies in the municipality, for providing the

needed information and suggestions, and even accommodating informal discussions on issues relative to their respective fields.

The elected municipal officials of Canaman, headed by the Municipal Mayor and Municipal Vice-Mayor are also acknowledged for their active

participation and commitment in the CLUP activities.

Special mention is due to the men and women of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) – V for their valuable assistance and constant

encouragement to finish the three-volume CLUP, Zoning Ordinance and Sectoral Analysis document.

Lastly, another special recognition is accorded to our Australian Volunteer who patiently assisted us and unselfishly shared his expertise that immensely

helped the completion of the CLUP, the Sectoral Studies and the Zoning Ordinance.

Table of Contents

Preliminary Pages ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Resolution adopting the CLUP and enacting the ZO ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

List of Maps ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

List of Photos ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

1.1 Background to the CLUP......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Role of volume 1 and relationship with volumes 2 and 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

2. Brief Profile ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

2.1 Brief History .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

2.2 Human Resources ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

2.3 Physical Features (Geographic Location, Territorial Jurisdiction, Barangay Subdivision) ................................................................................................... 16

2.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

2.5 Social Services Facilities/Utilities/Amenities........................................................................................................................................................................ 21

2.6 Utilities: Power, Water, Communication Network, Waste Management ........................................................................................................................... 29

2.7 The Economic Structure ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30

2.8 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38

2.9 Comparative/Competitive Advantages ................................................................................................................................................................................ 41

2.10 Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42

2.11 Functional Role of the Municipality ................................................................................................................................................................................. 43

3. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan .............................................................................................................................................................................. 44

3.1 Vision/Mission ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

3.2 Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45

3.3 The Concept/Structure Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46

3.4 The Land Use Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50

3.5 Land & Water Use Policies ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54

3.6 Priority Programs and Projects ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 57

List of Maps Map 1: Location of Canaman within Camarines Sur and the Philippines........................................................................................................................................... 16

Map 2: Administrative map showing locations of each barangay, and neighboring municipalities. ................................................................................................ 17

Map 3: Existing road network circulation map, LGU Canaman. ......................................................................................................................................................... 18

Maps 4a-d: Examples of flood, tsunami and sea level rise hazard mapping. Refer to CLUP Volume 3 for more detail. .................................................................. 20

Map 5: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24

Map 6: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 40

Map 7: Concept / Structure Map, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023. ........................................................................................................................................................... 49

Map 8: Proposed Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023. .................................................................................................................................................................... 53

List of Figures Figure 1: Population distribution by age and gender, LGU Canaman, CY 2007 and 2010. ................................................................................................................ 11

Figure 2: Population Distribution, CY 2010, LGU Canaman. ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 3: Population size and annual growth rates, LGU Canaman, Camarines Sur, Bicol Region and the Philippines, 1918-2010 (select years). .......................... 13

Figure 4: Population Density, LGU Canaman, CY 2010. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 5: Provision of utilities to households, LGU Canaman, CY 2000 and 2009.............................................................................................................................. 30

Figure 6: Structure of the Economy, LGU Canaman, DATE. ............................................................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 7: Poverty Incidence, LGU Canaman, 2009. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37

List of Tables Table 2: Labor force population by sex and employment status, LGU Canaman and Philippines, CY 2009. ..................................................................................... 15

Table 3: Population projections based on the ten-year growth rate of 1.69% per annum, LGU Canaman, 2010-2023. ................................................................. 15

Table 4: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Table 5: Future Land Use based upon Proposed Land Use Plan, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023. ........................................................................................................... 51

List of Photos Photo 1: Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit memorial in barangay San Nicolas. ....................................................................................................................................... 11

Photos 2a and b: Municipal and barangay level health facilities, LGU Canaman. ............................................................................................................................. 22

Photos 3a-c: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Photos 4 a-c: Examples of different types of housing in Canaman. ................................................................................................................................................... 26

Photos 5 a-c: Examples of sport and recreation facilities in Canaman. ............................................................................................................................................. 28

Photo 6: Agricultural production provide livelihood for many taga-Canaman. ................................................................................................................................. 32

Photos 7a-c: Examples of commercial businesses in Canaman. ........................................................................................................................................................ 33

Photo 8: Many industries in Canaman are involved in agricultural processing. ................................................................................................................................ 34

Photos 9a-e: Potential tourism attractions in Canaman are historical markers, cultural festivals and activities on the Bicol River. .............................................. 35

Photos 10a-b: Households experiencing poverty can be found in both urban and rural barangays. ............................................................................................... 36

1. Introduction

1.1 Background to the CLUP

The Municipality of Canaman is experiencing considerable growth and

change. Like any area undergoing change, the municipality is facing a

range of challenges which, if capitalized on, present great opportunities

for Canaman.

The municipality has recently updated its Comprehensive Land Use Plan

(CLUP) to provide a responsive and up-to-date plan for land use and

development.

The CLUP outlines the challenges and opportunities being experienced by

the municipality, and ways to respond to these. Being a land use plan,

the CLUP focuses on places, and the geographical areas impacted by the

various challenges and opportunities. The CLUP sets the framework for

the municipality’s Zoning Ordinance, which contains guidelines as to what

can be developed on any piece of land in the municipality.

The CLUP paves the way for more detailed planning in areas such as

annual budgeting, urban growth plans, disaster risk reduction,

infrastructure investment, agriculture, the environment and economic

development plans.

The CLUP was prepared by the Municipal Planning and Development

Office, working closely with a Technical Working Group containing

representatives of the Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal

Agricultural, Environment and Natural Resources Office, Municipal Social

Welfare & Development Office and Municipal Budget Office. There was

regular consultation and input from other municipality offices, elected

officials, external stakeholders and the community.

The CLUP also provides localized strategies to support the direction

outlined in the National Physical Framework Plan, Regional Physical

Framework Plan and Provincial Physical Framework Plan. It has been

guided by the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 (PA21), which is the

Canaman CLUP 2013 – 2023 – Volume 1 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

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national agenda for sustainable development. PA 21 envisions a “better

quality of life for all through the development of a just, moral, creative,

spiritual, economically-vibrant, caring, diverse yet cohesive society

characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and democratic

process and living in harmony within the limits of the carrying capacity of

nature and the integrity of creation”2.

Sustainable development as defined in the PA 21 (1996) is “harmonious

integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance,

social cohesion and ecological integrity, to ensure that development is a

life-sustaining process.3” PA 21 has five goal elements, as follows:

Poverty Reduction: Poverty is a central concern of sustainable

development. Consistent with this, PA 21 has a poverty reduction

agenda that includes measures to create an enabling economic

environment for sustained and broad-based growth; improve

employment, productivity and income; and attain food security.

Social Equity: Social equity should mean allocation of resources on

the bases of efficiency and equity to achieve balanced

development. Efficiency and equity mean the channeling of

resources to developing areas where greater economic benefits

accumulate and where there is greater need, distribution being

dependent on the practicality and urgency of needs.

Empowerment and Good Governance: Empowerment is a

precondition of informal choices. Good governance is a necessary

precondition to empowerment, as empowerment is to good

governance. These two are a defining element of each other.

Peace and Solidarity: The cycle of poverty and conflict goes on as

the costs of war escalate in terms of various kinds of destruction

2 As quoted in HLURB Guidelines for preparing a CLUP, Volume 1, page 7-8.

3 Ibid.

while withholding funds for basic services, resulting in more

poverty and underdevelopment.

Ecological Integrity: In general, the path towards enhancing the

integrity of the country’s ecological domain will have to involve

heightened and sustained implementation of environmental laws,

as well as the continued pursuit of resource conservation, and

environmental restoration/enhancement programs.

Finally, the CLUP has been developed in accordance with the Housing and

Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) Guidelines for Preparing a CLUP, with

technical inputs provided by HLURB personnel throughout the

development of the plan.

1.2 Role of volume 1 and relationship with volumes 2 and 3

The CLUP exists in three inter-related volumes, which can be read

individually and together.

This volume, Volume 1, provides the context for the planning period

(2013-2023) in the form of an overview of the background and baseline

data, maps and information that are covered in more detail in Volume 3,

the Sectoral Studies.

This volume also contains the Comprehensive Land Use Plan itself, a ten

year plan for land use and development for Canaman. This plan builds

upon the municipality’s vision and mission, and sectoral goals and

objectives, to provide a land use plan and associated land use policies.

The later consist of guidelines, methods, procedures and rules that will

guide land use and development in the municipality, and provide

direction for Volume 2, the Zoning Ordinance.


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2. Brief Profile

2.1 Brief History

2.1.1 Etymology of Canaman’s name

It is now part of the collective memory of taga-Canaman that the area

now known as Canaman was thickly forested before the area entered

western consciousness and recorded annals. According to Jesuit

anthropologist Frank X. Lynch, the town’s name is derived from “cana,” a

tree used as building material suffixed with “man.” Canaman native Bicol

historian Danilo M. Gerona argues that the “cana” tree produced wood

used as a decorative material. Canaman’s antiquity is demonstrated by

the native terms carried by many early barangays such as Poro which is an

ancient Bicol word for island; Calambog which is a variety of mambog

tree; Baras which derived from a heap of palay accumulated during

threshing; Taculod which is an ancient term for little humps of land;

Tibgao which came from a specie of hemp; also, Gogon which is a grass.

2.1.2 Historical Background

According to Gerona, Canaman has been in

existence as a thriving Christian community

for over 400 years. Through the centuries,

its landscape has transformed into a

developing suburban town from a cluster of

isolated barangays of timbers and kamaligs

along the trail of Kulakog’s masculinity, the

Bicol River.

From a mere visita of Nueva Caceres,

Canaman became a doctrina during the

third Franciscan Chapter meeting held in

Manila in June 1583 presided by Fray Pablo

de Jesus. This marked the birth of the

municipality as a vibrant Christian community. The first concrete church

was constructed in 1590s through its first parish priest Fray Pedro Matias

de Andrade who was later elected fifth bishop of Nueva Caceres in 1613.

It was dedicated to Our Lady of Assumption whose feast falls on the 15th

of August each year. The church was reconstructed in 1669 during the

tenure of Fray Acacio de la Concepcion.

In February 1711, a few years after Miguel Robles de Covarrubias

introduced the devotion to the Virgin of Peñafrancia to Bicolanos,

Canaman was said to have witnessed one of its earliest miracles. The

whole town went to Peñafrancia shrine in Nueva Caceres with Fray

Matias Guadalupe to appeal for rain due to the severe drought that

blighted the whole province that year. It rained heavily after the High

Mass in such a manner that the rains continued, with a few days break,

up to the last week of March. Rice fields recovered and everyone enjoyed

a good harvest. Other connections of the municipality to the Peñafrancia

devotion were Don Angel Rosales’s contribution to the beautification of

the shrine in 1865 and the publication of Apolonio Sto. Tomas’ verses on

the story of the Our Lady in 1933.

For centuries, the town remained as one of the most faithful subjects to

Spain in the province. Even in the late 19th

century, the absence of a

strong intellectual base preserved the municipality’s highly conservative

outlook in both politics and religion. In 1900, militant taga-Canaman

burned their church after they heard that Americans are closing in. It was

an act of self-immolation and effort to save the old church from

desecration at the hands of the invaders. Several taga-Canaman were

suspected of collaboration with the Filipino Revolutionary Army which

resulted in the establishment of a garrison in the town and the

replacement of the local force. In 1902, Canaman was annexed to Naga

City and was under its administration. However, seven years later,

Canaman regained its former status as an independent town in 1909


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through Rep. Tomas Arejola, brother of Gen. Ludovico Arejola and over-all

commander of the Filipino Revolutionary Army in Ambos Camarines.

Photo 1: Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit memorial in barangay San Nicolas.

On 8 March 1942, taga-Canaman formally organized the Tangcong Vaca

Guerilla Unit, one of the least known local fighting forces in the province

in response to Japanese oppression. The guerilla unit was founded by

Elias V. Madrid in barangay San Nicolas. Maj. Juan Q. Miranda, his

nephew, served as the Commanding Officer while Leon SA. Aureus, from

Libmanan acted as the Executive Officer. Miranda became the

representative of the district after the War and he progressed the

cityhood of Naga. The battle for the liberation of Naga was launched on 9

April 1945 and produced an authentic hero in 22 year-old guerilla Lt.

Delfin C. Rosales whose roots were from Canaman. A park was recently

established in San Nicholas which includes a marker in honor of the

Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit.

2.2 Human Resources

2.2.1 Population

As of CY 2010 NSO Census, Canaman had a total population of 32,390,

representing 1.8% of the total population of the province of Camarines

Sur. Males slightly outnumber the females as represented by the sex-ratio

of 102 males per 100 females. This sex ratio is the same with the national

figure but lower than both the regional and provincial figure of 105 males

for every 100 females. Figure 1 shows the comparative age-sex pyramid

of population for CY 2007 & 2000 revealing a typical and almost identical

distribution through the years. The median age is 20 for both censal

years, meaning half of the population is below the age of 20.

Figure 1: Population distribution by age and gender, LGU Canaman, CY 2007 and 2010.

Data Source: NSO 2000 Census, NSO 2007 Census.


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2.2.2 Population Distribution

Canaman’s population distribution can be categorized into two groups

and is aptly described by the urban-rural dichotomy used by the NSO.

The majority (61%) of Canaman’s population reside in the 9 urban

barangays and the remaining 39% are distributed throughout the 16 rural

barangays.

Figure 2 illustrates the geographic distribution of the population of

Canaman per barangay for CY 2010, showing the concentration of people

in the urban barangays with the top 5 populated barangays located near

Naga City (del Rosario, San Vicente, Haring, San Agustin & Baras). This

situation is likewise reflected in the land use pattern wherein these five

barangays are the location of subdivisions which are home not only to

taga-Canaman but also to people from other places who access Naga

City’s services and institutions. Figure 2: Population Distribution, CY 2010, LGU Canaman.

Data Source: NSO 2010 Census.


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2.2.3 Historical Growth of Population

Canaman has experienced a steady increase in population but a

fluctuating growth rate in recent years. Based on the 2010 NSO Census,

the municipality has a population of 32,390 representing 1.91% of the

total population of the province of Camarines Sur.

However, between the past three censal years, the municipality

experienced a slowing growth rate. The 1995-2000 growth rate was

4.05% per annum, while the 2000-2007 growth rate was 1.88% per

annum and 2007-2010 growth rate was 0.84%, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Population size and annual growth rates, LGU Canaman, Camarines Sur, Bicol Region

and the Philippines, 1918-2010 (select years).

The spike in the growth rate during the 1990s can be largely attributed to

inward migration especially due to the subdivision boom in urban

barangays. This facilitated an influx of migrants to several subdivisions in

Barangays del Rosario, San Vicente, Haring & San Agustin that responded

to the high demand of housing associated with Naga City’s rapid growth.

The other observed migration incidence in Canaman is due to marriage.

On the other hand, the slower growth rate in the first decade of 2000

may be attributable to aggressive housing projects in Naga City, such as

the subdivisions in nearby barangays Calauag, Naga City and in the upland

portion of Naga City (San Felipe to Pacol & Carolina/ Cararayan). These

developments reduce demand for housing in

Canaman by providing alternatives in and

around Naga.

In addition, out-migration is another probable

reason behind the diminishing growth rate of

the municipality. This was noted during the

Comprehensive Development Planning of the

municipality in 2010 in consultations

participated by various LGU functionaries and

sectoral representatives. It was observed that a

considerable number of the labor force, college

graduates or not, look for job outside of the

town.

2.2.4 Population Density

The municipal population density for Canaman

in 2007 was 7 persons per hectare which is

more than twice than that of Camarines Sur for

the same period at 3 persons per hectare. The

computed average population density of the

Data Source: NSO Census (various years)


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urban barangays is 35 persons per hectare which is well above that of the

rural barangays which is 4 persons per hectare.

As to population density per barangay, Figure 4 demonstrates a high

concentration of people in the urban areas reflecting their relatively high

urbanization level. Barangay San Agustin is the most dense, with 68

persons per hectare followed by Pangpang at 60 persons per hectare. This

situation likewise highlights the increasing demand for residential

properties in the vicinity. The least dense of the 9 urban barangays is

Barangay Sta. Cruz with 12 persons per hectare.

Barangay San Juan and Liñaga are the least dense, each having a density

of 1 person per hectare, closely followed by Barangays San Nicolas, San

Francisco & San Jose West with 2 persons per hectare. The most dense of

the 15 rural barangays is Barangay Sta. Teresita at 9 persons per hectare.

Figure 4: Population Density, LGU Canaman, CY 2010.

Data Source: NSO 2010 Census.


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2.2.5 Labor Force

In 2009, Canaman had a total of 9,922 persons in the labor force

representing 49.6% of the population, as shown in Table 1. The

employment rate in the municipality was registered at 98.4% meaning

984 persons are employed per 1000 in the labor force while the national

figure is at 925 persons per 1000.

Males still dominate the labor force both in Canaman (66%) and the

entire Philippines (61%) but it can be seen that the national figure is

closer to achieving a sort of gender equality in employment. However, it

is observed that the employment opportunities for both men and women

in the flourishing City of Naga is a force that can help attain gender

equality in employment in Canaman as more women are getting

employed in malls and other service oriented establishments in Naga.

Table 1: Labor force population by sex and employment status, LGU Canaman and Philippines, CY 2009.

SEX

MUNICIPAL NATIONAL (,000)

IN THE LABOR

FORCE EMPLOYED %

UN-

EMPLOYED %

POPULATION 15

Yrs and Over

IN THE LABOR

FORCE EMPLOYED %

UN-

EMPLOYED % NOT IN LABOR

FORCE

Female 3,398 3,325 97.9 73 2.1% 29,774 14,719 13,657 92.8% 1,062 3.6% 15,055

Male 6,524 6,436 98.7 88 1.3% 29,463 23,175 21,405 92.4% 1,770 6.0% 6,494

Total 9,922 9,761 98.4 161 1.6% 59,237 37,894 35,062 92.5% 2,832 1.8% 21,549

Source: National Data - NSO/Municipal Data - Municipal CBMS 2009

2.2.6 Population Projections

The Canaman municipality increased by an average of 1.69% per annum between census years 2000 and 2010. If we assume that the Canaman municipality

continues to grow at a rate of 1.69% each year, the 2010 population of 32,390 will increase to 40,274 people by 2023, as shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Population projections based on the ten-year growth rate of 1.69% per annum, LGU Canaman, 2010-2023.

Data Source: LGU Canaman Population Projections Report, see Appendix B of CLUP Sectoral Studies (Volume 3).

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

32,390 32,937 33,494 34,060 34,636 35,221 35,816 36,422 37,037 37,663 38,300 38,947 39,605 40,274


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2.3 Physical Features (Geographic Location, Territorial Jurisdiction, Barangay Subdivision)

The Municipality of Canaman is geographically located in the central part of the province of Camarines Sur within the 3rd

Congressional District of the province, as shown in Map 1. It is topographically situated on the estuarine floodplain along the

low lying areas on the northern and western sides of the bank of the Bicol River. Situated about five (5) kilometers

northwest of Naga City, the area is between 13° 36’25” and 13° 40’00” East longitude and 123° 04’01 and 123° 12’30” North

latitude. It is bounded on the North by the Municipality of Magarao and on the South by the Municipalities of Camaligan and

Gainza. The Eastern portion is bounded by the City of Naga and to the Western side by the Municipalities of Libmanan and

Pamplona the Bicol River serving as a natural boundary (see Map 2).

Covered within the administrative jurisdiction and political subdivision of the municipality are twenty four (24) barangays

with an aggregate area of 4,327.29 hectares. This figure makes the municipality rank 5th in terms of land area among the 35

municipalities and 2 cities of the province.

Presently, fifteen (15) barangays are classified as rural barangays and nine (9) are considered urban barangays. The

urban barangays are clustered in the Eastern portion near Naga City which indicates the influence of development

of Naga City. Barangay Dinaga is the seat of political, administrative institutional and socio-cultural activities of

the municipality. The remaining fifteen barangays which are classified as rural barangays are found in the

western portion of the municipality. Some of these are called as “coastal barangays” although they are

not along a coast line but are traversed by the Bicol and Canaman Rivers.

The following are the 24 barangays of Canaman:

URBAN BARANGAYS RURAL BARANGAYS

1. Baras 1. Fundado 10. San Juan

2. Del Rosario 2. Iquin 11. San Nicolas

3. Dinaga 3. Liñaga 12. San Roque

4. Haring 4. Mangayawan 13. Sta. Teresita

5. Pangpang 5. Palo 14. Sua

6. San Agustin 6. Poro 15. Talidtid

7. Sta. Cruz 7. San Francisco

8. San Vicente 8. San Jose East

9. Tibgao 9. San Jose West

Map 1: Location of Canaman within Camarines Sur and the Philippines.


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Map 2: Administrative map showing locations of each barangay, and neighboring municipalities.


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2.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources

2.4.1 Transportation Network/Linkages

Map 3: Existing road network circulation map, LGU Canaman.

Canaman is connected to the

neighboring City of Naga by a

National Road and is served by 42

public utility jeepneys on

minimum fare. Mobility within the

town is via 167 tricycles, and 453

human-powered padjacks. A total

of 106 kilometers of roads traverse

the 24 barangays of the

municipality, 53% of which are

barangay roads, 25% are provincial

roads, 11% are private subdivision

roads, 8% are national road, and

2% municipal roads.

The Naga Airport located in the

town of Pili is located

approximately 14 kms away from

Canaman poblacion and is

accessible by land via a well paved

road. The Camaligan Fishing Port is

around 4.5 kms away from the

town center while the nearest sea

port is located in the town of

Pasacao which is approximately 16

kms away from the town.


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2.4.1 Natural Hazards and Climate Change

The Municipality of Canaman is situated within the estuarine floodplain of the Bicol River basin. The entire municipality is relatively flat with localized

depressions along the coastal regions. The slope ranges from 0-3 percent. The highest point elevation is about 5meters above mean sea level and the lowest

point elevation being 0.5 meter above mean sea level.

The typically low elevation characteristic of the area makes it prone to seasonal heavy rainfall flashfloods and high tidal occurrences. Drainability of the

flooded areas in the municipality is technically difficult because of low elevation characteristics. A total of 2,505.56 hectares are estimated to be moderately to

severely flooded. The remaining area of 1,821.73 hectares is within the slightly elevated portion and ranges from “not flooded” to “slightly flooded”.

Different methods have been developed to map the most vulnerable areas to flooding, sea level rise and typhoons, all with varying levels of accuracy. While

additional work is needed to validate existing maps and improve their accuracy, taken together, they provide a good indication of which parts of the

municipality are most vulnerable. More detail is provided in Volume 3 of the CLUP, the Sectoral Studies, while samples of mapping are included below.


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Maps 4a-d: Examples of flood, tsunami and sea level rise hazard mapping. Refer to CLUP Volume 3 for more detail.


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Flooding is often related to typhoon events, which frequently strike the Bicol region. Analysis of typhoon data between 2002 and 2012 indicates that than

90% of typhoons occur between April and December each year and majority of these will be during the 3rd

and 4th

quarters.

The municipality of Canaman belongs to the fourth type of climate, where rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Rainfall is of Type B

(humid) where rain is evenly distributed throughout the year, except in the three dry months between March and May.

However, it has been observed that this climate pattern is now becoming an inconsistent trend. In 2011, PAGASA prepared projections regarding likely

changes to temperature, rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather events for all provinces in the Philippines, demonstrating the following possible trends

for Canaman:

• An overall warmer climate, especially during March-April-May (the traditional dry season) and June-July August

• More rainfall overall, but with less rain during March-April-May (the traditional dry season) and more rain during June-July-August.

The impacts of such change are wide reaching, from changing the intensity and frequency of storm events to impacting agricultural production and availability

of nutritious food during “dry months”.

2.5 Social Services Facilities/Utilities/Amenities

2.5.1 Health Facilities

Canaman has two major health facilities located in Barangay Pangpang – the Municipal Health Center and the Municipal Birthing Clinic. Delivery of health

services in Canaman is undertaken by 1 doctor, 1 medical technologist, 2 nurses, 3 midwives, 1 sanitary inspector, 2 job order employees and from time to

time augmented by nurses under special project of Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and/or Provincial Government. An ambulance is stationed in

the aforementioned establishment to transport patients during emergency cases. A total of 73 Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) are the health services force

multipliers in the municipality tasked to extend services in their respective barangays. The BHWs are under the immediate supervision of the municipal

midwives and are equipped with basic health kit such as Blood Pressure Apparatus, thermometers and common medicines.


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Photos 2a and b: Municipal and barangay level health facilities, LGU Canaman.

2.5.2 Solid Waste and Waste Water Facilities

The Local Government Unit of Canaman established a Solid Waste

Management Team complemented by a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

where processing of the Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable materials

occurs. Waste collection is done by the garbage truck and manned by 4

job order staff assigned to collect the segregated wastes at the agreed

collection points in the nine urban barangays. Six job order staff operate

the MRF facility in Baras. Biodegradable waste collection is every

Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays while non-biodegradable is on

Tuesdays and Thursdays.

The volume of agricultural waste generated per day is about 15.083 tons.

Despite these services, the existing practice is composting and/or burning.

Domestic waste generated is 19.379 tons per day and volume of collected

waste is about 6.230 per day. Commercial waste generated about 1.772

tons per day and the collected yields 1.593 tons per day.

As to wastewater, the municipality has no facility devoted solely for

wastewater collection and/or treatment. Other than the septic tanks of

the households for their toilets, the town has no existing wastewater

collection/treatment/disposal facility.


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2.5.3 Social Welfare Services

The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) of LGU

Canaman play the lead role in the delivery of social services in the

municipality. The office provides social protection and promotes the

rights and welfare of the poor, vulnerable and the disadvantaged

individuals, families and communities of Canaman to contribute to

poverty alleviation and empowerment through a range of policies,

programs, projects and services implemented by the municipality either

with or through the assistance of government agencies, NGOs, private

organizations and other members of the civil society. The main MSWDO

Clientele are: Women; Children and Youth (0-17, 18 to 24 years old);

Persons with Disabilities; Senior Citizens and Other Needy Male Adults.

It is headed by the Municipal Social Welfare Officer and is assisted by 3

permanent staff and two job orders. A myriad of services are handled by

the office, including: (1) assistance to individuals who are in crisis

situation; (2) implementation of laws on children, women and senior

citizens; (3) counseling services; (4) livelihood programs; (4) employment

facilitation; (5) Day Care Services; and (6) Family Support Services. All the

24 barangays have functioning Day Care Centers facilitated by trained Day

Care Workers. The Day Care Parent Group (DCPG) assists the Day Care

Workers in all the 24 barangays in the conduct of their activities such as

Family Life Education and Counseling, Family Planning assistance,

Supplemental feeding and other Day Care Services.

2.5.4 Education

The Municipality of Canaman is served by 18 public elementary schools

and 3 public high schools. Private schools in the municipality are the

Kurtland Pre-School and two tertiary schools: the Aeronautical Academy

of the Philippines and Mariner’s Polytechnic Colleges Foundation. Across

all institutions, there were a total of 9,847 enrolments in 2011.

The location of educational institutions in Canaman is shown in Map 4:


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Map 5: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman.


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For the past three years, enrollments for all types of education in the municipality have increased. The increasing level indicates the capacity of parents to

send their children in schools, leading to high literacy levels and improved further education and employment prospects.

However, while enrolments are increasing, a long term characteristic has been for parents of taga-Canaman to send their students to both public and private

schools in Naga City and other neighboring municipalities such as Camaligan. It is understood that a key reason for this is a desire amongst parents to access

the higher standard of education available elsewhere. Despite improvements to local schools, this characteristic is still true today in that there were 4,727

students enrolled in public and private elementary and secondary schools in 2011, while the population aged 5-14 years was projected to be 7,384. Although

it is true that some children in the age group may not be attending school, the data nonetheless indicates that many students left the area for education.

Photos 3a-c: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman.

The Department of Education uses service standard ratios to determine whether there are sufficient staffing and resources to provide students the adequate

attention they require to succeed. Student-teacher and student-classroom ratios for elementary schools across the municipality in 2011 both averaged 1:32,

which indicates that the Department of Education’s target student-teacher and student-classroom ratio of 1:35 for elementary schools is being met when data

from all schools is averaged. It should, however be noted that although the target student to teacher and classroom ratios are being met across the entire

municipality, there are some schools that do not meet these targets. Amongst secondary schools, while all schools meet the student-teacher ratios, Sta. Cruz

and Fundado High Schools do not meet the service standard ratio with respect to student-classroom ratios.


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With respect to school sites and facilities, Kurtland Elementary School and Aeronautical Academy of the Philippines are renting their facilities while the

remaining school own their site. Most of the classrooms are in fair condition but some needs major and/or minor repairs. All school sites are susceptible to

floods due to heavy rainfall.

2.5.5 Housing

According to a National Statistics Office survey, there was a decrease in

housing ownership in the municipality from 77% in 2000 to 68% in 2007.

However, the same period also showed an increase in lot ownership from

52.7% in 2000 to 68% in 2007. A total of 2,314 or 36% of housing units are

either being rented, occupied for free with consent of owner and

occupied for free without consent of owner or other tenure status. On

the percentage of rent-free occupation of lot, Canaman & Camarines Sur

are almost on the same level at around 24% while the Philippines is at

18%. The relatively high percentage of lots being occupied for free with

consent of owner (24%) can be attributed to the close family ties of the

people wherein relatives or even just family friends or acquaintance are

allowed to use their vacant lots. In addition, many of those who own their

house occupy the lot for free. Although this relieves the families from

additional expense in rent, this is still not ideal on a long term basis as

their tenure is still not secure.

As to construction materials, Community Based Monitoring System survey

conducted in 2009 reveals that 57.8% of the houses in the municipality

were constructed using strong or predominantly strong (i.e. concrete,

brick, stone, wood, galvanized iron) whereas 42.1% or 2,741 of existing

housing units in Canaman were built using predominantly

light/salvaged/makeshift materials. These houses are seen as susceptible

to disaster such as typhoons which are common occurrence in the

municipality. It is estimated that 137 units, representing 5% of the homes

constructed from light/mixed materials, were lost due to obsolescent and

decay in 2009.

Photos 4 a-c: Examples of different types of housing in Canaman.


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During NSO survey in 2000, 60% of the total occupied housing units in

Canaman were in good condition. Some of these needed no repair and

some needed minor or slight repair. Twenty six percent (26%) of the

houses were damaged and needing major repair while the remaining

houses were totally damaged. At the time, one hundred sixty nine houses

were undergoing renovation. Some have not finished the repair and some

continuously refurbishing their damaged house.

A key challenge for the municipality are the increasing numbers of

informal settlers who establishing housing in the municipality. Most of

the informal settlers within the municipality are living in environmentally

sensitive areas, and in some cases, areas at high risk of being impacted by

a flood event. In Barangays Sta. Cruz, Dinaga, Sta Teresita, and Pangpang,

informal settlers are living along sides of the municipal and provincial

roads and are daily expose to traffic hazards.

As residents of the municipality, settlers can access government services,

such as health services and social welfare. Many settlements, however,

lack basic infrastructure such as a sanitary toilet, basic drainage, clean

water, waste disposal and electricity connection. With the passing of

time, some settlers arrange for the connection of some utilities and

services, which represents efforts to establish a more permanent

settlement. Tenure, of course, is one of the major challenges associated

with informal settlements. Settlers experience vulnerability and

uncertainty when the legal owners and occupiers of land is debated, and

in some cases, can result in settlers being displaced.

2.5.6 Protective Services

Protective services in the municipality are managed by the Philippine

National Police of Canaman, Bureau of Fire Protection-Canaman and the

Barangay Tanods in all 24 barangays.

The Canaman Municipal Police Station is currently operated by 25 police

or a ratio of 1 police to 1,336 persons not far from the minimum standard

of police-population ratio of 1:1,000. The Municipal Police Station is a 67

square meters room within the Municipal Hall Building in Barangay

Dinaga. A Community Police Assistance Center / Motorist Assistance

Center (CPAC/MAC) is strategically situated along the National Highway at

Barangay Baras and currently operated by 7 police personnel and headed

by a senior PNCO to ensure the safety of motorists and the inhabitants of

the surrounding area.

Crime incidence in the municipality has increased within the last three

years. Most crime is theft and robbery and person/s responsible are

identified. Sixty percent of the offenders are male, 5% are female and the

remaining 35% are still unidentified. Police visibility, along with greater

support to the localized barangays tanods, is needed to discourage crime.

The force multipliers are the 328 barangay tanods in the 24 barangays. A

total of 24 barangay outposts can be found in the same number of

barangays.

The Municipal Fire Station/Office is also contained in the Municipal Hall

and has an area of 9 square meters. It is currently operated by three (3)

Bureau of Fire Protection personnel. The said office has a portable fire

pump, fire hose (both in critical conditions), fire extinguisher and base

radio, but no fire truck. The Municipal Fire Marshall and staff should

continue to educate the people in the community regarding fire hazards,

fire safety and how to avoid fire incidence in their respective households

and businesses. Fire drills must also be reviewed and practiced to avoid

accidents if this incident might occur.


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2.5.7 Sports and Recreation

Spaces and facilities suitable for sport and recreation play an important

role in promoting active lifestyles and connections between people. This

is because parks, reserves, basketball courts and other facilities are places

where all members of the community are welcome and can come

together for various formal and informal activities. Recreational

opportunities can also prevent boredom in young people, reducing the

likelihood of engaging in anti-social behavior.

Overall, public open space used for passive and active recreational

activities is limited in the municipality. Existing spaces and facilities

appear to be well used by a range of user groups, even if there is an

urgent need for maintenance and a lack of basic conveniences. This is

especially true of the multi-function pavements and basketball courts.

While each site has specific needs, recurring characteristics of existing

facilities are a lack of maintenance, limited shelter, seating and lighting,

and poor waste disposal.

Photos 5 a-c: Examples of sport and recreation facilities in Canaman.

There is often no public open space in the older, established parts of the

barangays apart from the multi-purpose pavements and school sites. In

addition, there is no larger public open space such as playing fields in the

municipality, with the exception, perhaps, of spaces within schools. While

dedicated parks and open spaces exist in some of the newer subdivisions,

being required under PD 7279, many of these areas have not always been

well maintained and are not used to their full capacity. In some places,

facilities were constructed and never maintained, while in other places

they were donated to the municipality, which doesn’t have a dedicated

maintenance fund beyond the Development Fund (20% of IRA) which

must cover a range of areas.


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Multi-function pavements exist in all 24 barangays and provide sealed

surfaces and, in some cases, lighting and seating, to support a range of

formal and informal recreational activities, such as basketball, volleyball

and children’s play. In the poblacion area, the Canaman People’s Center

provides a district level facility, with a full sized court, match-standard

lighting, a stage, public CR and seating for at least 200 people. This LGU

owned and well maintained facility is used for formal and informal

recreation, civic and private functions and is a key public gathering place.

At present, public playgrounds in the municipality are limited to small

facilities in Barangays PangPang, Haring (RJ Village) and Iquin. In other

places, children play on the streets and multi-function pavements. The

small number of facilities and often small area within these playgrounds

means they are over-used and prone to accidents. Playgrounds and open

spaces within schools are sometimes used as un-official open spaces.

While this was acceptable in the past, many schools are now fenced and

prohibit recreational use by the public due to safety concerns.

Footpaths that are separated from the road by a metal barrier exist in on

some roads (such as the National Highway at San Agustin, however, these

paths are narrow and often congested with pedestrians and therefore

unsuitable for recreational running and cycling. Anecdotal evidence

suggests that runners and cyclists prefer to use rural roads, especially the

road locally known as DPH Boulevard between PangPang and Del Rosario.

In terms of facilities for structured recreation and sport, the Mariners

Polytechnic Colleges Foundation has a number of facilities such as

covered court, open field and swimming pool that can also be used by

private individuals upon request and most of the times for a fee.

The once famous Nordia Compound in Baras is now almost completely

non-functional. The tennis court, swimming pool and bowling lanes have

closed, and are in a state of disrepair, and the cockpit arena was being

used up until very recently. Since the closure of these facilities, residents

of Canaman have been more dependent on Naga City for organized

recreation and sport. That being said, these facilities are in a strategic

location and since the facilities still exists, strategies should be explored

for their repatriation.

2.6 Utilities: Power, Water, Communication Network, Waste Management

All the barangays of the municipality are served by CASURECO II for their

electricity. The number of housing units without access to electricity

dropped from 21.7% in 2000 to 15.2% in 2009.

Potable drinking water is one of the concerns in the municipality. Only 14

barangays are reached by the Metro Naga Water Distict pipeline while

the remaining barangays are dependent on water Lorries for their

drinking water. However, it was noted that many households served by

MNWD still buy their drinking water from water Lorries or from water

refilling stations (for those who can afford). Although there were several

projects extending the water pipeline of the Metro Naga Water District

(MNWD) to several Barangays between 2000 and 2009, it appears that

this was not enough to improve overall conditions in the context of

population and urban growth.


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Figure 5: Provision of utilities to households, LGU Canaman, CY 2000 and 2009.

As to sanitation, the percentage of houses without access to a water-sealed toilet

declined from 12.6% in 2000 to 8.8% in 2009. Based on the observations of MHO

personnel, those without sanitary toilet are often poor families and a

considerable number are informal settlers.

As to waste management, only the 9 urban barangays are served by garbage

collectors. Access to garbage collection system improved in 2009 with 37.7% of

the households unserved as compared to year 2000 at 72.8%. This can be

attributed to the regular collection of garbage and the presence additional

garbage truck. However, the served households are only those located in the

urban area.

Figure 5 presents a comparative data on the availability of vital utilities to housing

settlements in Canaman in years 2000 and 2009. With the exception for water

supply, the municipality is below the provincial average for all other forms of

utilities. This matter warrants urgent attention as the relative proximity to Naga

City and infrastructure supply networks in most parts of the municipality suggests

that the municipality should have levels of utility servicing that at least meet the

provincial average.

2.7 The Economic Structure

2.7.1 Sources of Income and Structure of the Economy

Broadly, sources of income for the municipality’s constituents continues

to come from crop farming and gardening, wholesale and retail,

Livestock/poultry production, transportation storage and communication

and from construction. While traditionally an agricultural economy, the

service economy has been steadily growing for some time, with more

service businesses located in the municipality. In addition, a growing

number of the municipality’s residents are working in the nearby Naga

City.

Increasing numbers of Canaman’s residents are completing school and

post school training, which increases their ability to obtain employment in

knowledge and service based economies. However, there remain large

numbers of people with limited schooling and qualifications for whom

employment and even basic livelihood remains a challenge. The

municipality provides a number of programs through its Social Welfare

Data Source: CBMS, 2009


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Office with the goals of improving the livelihood and income generation

options for these residents.

Although it remains an agricultural community, the shift from primary

sector based to tertiary sector-based economy is already evident. The

2009 CBMS Survey revealed that 60% of households depend on the

activities classified under the tertiary sector as their major source of

income, followed by the primary sector at 26% and the secondary sector

at 14%. Using the economic activities to measure the level of urbanity,

the CBMS Survey revealed that Canaman’s level of urbanization is at 74%

(see Figure 6).

Figure 6: Structure of the Economy, LGU Canaman, 2009.

Data Source: CBMS, 2009


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In the Municipality of Canaman, all 24 barangays contain some

agricultural crop production. 71.7 percent (71.66%) of the total land area

of the municipality, covering 3,101 hectares, is used for agricultural

purposes. Fifty one percent (51%) of it or 1,606.5 hectare is irrigated and

48.16% or 1493.5 is non-irrigated and therefore rainfall reliant.

Of the 3,101 hectares of agricultural land, 2715ha are devoted to palay

with the remainder devoted to vegetable production and other crop

types.

Photo 6: Agricultural production provide livelihood for many taga-Canaman.

Key factors which impact upon crop production include the timing of

rainfall, flood events and pests. While technology is theoretically

improving production, the continuous use of synthetic fertilizer is

degrading soil quality. The municipality is therefore promoting the use of

organic farming technologies to promote improved yields while

preventing soil degradation and improving health outcomes.

An ongoing challenge is the seasonal burning of rice straws. This is

problematic because the organic material in the rice straw is not returned

to the soil, and the resultant charcoal/ash increases the soil acidity, and

reduces the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of the soil, in

turn requiring synthetic fertilizers

Traditionally, there were two main cropping seasons for palay in

Canaman. However, a changing climate with a longer summer and

changed rainfall patterns which means there is less synchronized planting

cycles. A problem with this is that it is harder to manage pests which are

able to move from farm to farms as the crops are at different stages in

the crop production.

All 24 barangays in the municipality of Canaman are engaged in livestock

and poultry farming and these are important sources of income for many

of the municipality’s constituents. Eighty Seven percent of the total

production value is piggery production while the remaining thirteen

percent (13%) is for poultry production. The total volume and value of

livestock produced in the municipality in 2011 was 1,858 kilograms

amounting to P7,464,000.00 while the volume of poultry production was

7,678 kilograms, amounting to P1,074,528.

The municipality’s Fishery Strategic Development Zones (FSDZs) are

located within the coastal barangays of Iquin, Mangayawan, San Juan, San

Nicolas, San Jose West, San Francisco, San Jose East, and Liñaga. Existing

fishing grounds can be found in 21 barangays. Marine, aquatic and inland

fishing resources are in the form of Fish ponds with fresh water species

like tilapia, carp, hito, dalag. The Bicol River and Canaman Creek have the

same species mentioned, as well as hipon and crabs. There are six


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methods for undertaking fishing activities namely, the hook and line,

sapyaw, fish net, bobo, bintol and Fish trap.

In terms of the non-agricultural economy, Commercial strips can be found

in barangays Baras, Pangpang, Tibgao and San Vicente. A Commercial

Complex is situated at barangay Baras which is the Nordia Complex

(currently defunct) and lastly, the Canaman Public Market that is situated

at barangay Pangpang.

Mini groceries or sari-sari stores and talipapa are the most common

commercial establishment, resulting in tight competition. Despite the

variety of goods available locally, people from the municipality tend to

shop at the malls in Naga City since it is just 5 kilometers away from the

City. While historically goods were cheaper to purchase in Naga, a

growing number of wholesalers are opening in the poblacion area,

meaning that goods in Canaman are often no more expensive than those

in Naga City.

Photos 7a-c: Examples of commercial businesses in Canaman.

The Canaman Public Market is a thriving commercial precinct home to a range of produce, food, home wares and cooked food outlets. The Market is well

located in the heart of the poblacion area, adjacent to key community facilities such as the municipal health clinic, library, post office and within a short walk

from the church, school, public plaza multi-purpose pavement and municipal hall. Despite this, the market building itself is run-down and requires

maintenance in order for the facility to reach its full potential.


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While anecdotal evidence suggests there is un-met demand for additional and larger commercial developments in Canaman, it is important these are located

and developed in ways that do not undermine the Canaman Public Market’s role as the anchor land use in the poblacion area. This means that any

significantly larger retail development must either be located in the poblacion itself to complement existing businesses (there are limited suitable sites that

should be reserved for this purpose), or located so far away as to not undermine existing businesses and land uses in the poblacion area.

To inform the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and other municipality economic development activities, the municipality undertook a comprehensive survey of

businesses in 2013, which validated the above analysis and identified emerging trends impacting businesses, including:

• Optimism about the prospects for current and future businesses, owing to the growing nature of the municipality and proximity to Naga City

• Need for additional commercial floor space to allow for establishment of new businesses (especially in the Poblacion)

• ‘Gaps’ in the local commercial sector include 24/7 Convenience Stores, restaurants and bars (including fast-food), one-stop supermarket, pharmacies,

bakeries, internet outlets (especially in rural barangays), beauty parlors and Nipa processing

• Limited municipality led supports for businesses, such as promotions of local products or coordination of businesses

• Importance of livelihood and income generation programs

• Need to improve/simplify the LGU business permitting and licensing system

• New commercial development/market in the poblacion should complement, and not detract from existing market

• Some businesses struggle to access finance

• Lack of car parking in the poblacion area means that those with cars (and even motorbikes) tend to travel to Naga to do their shopping.

Photo 8: Many industries in Canaman are involved in agricultural processing.

To date, Industry within the municipality has generally been the small scale processing

of agricultural products for local distribution, although there is evidence that other small

scale businesses are emerging and contributing to the municipality’s industry and thus

employment base.

All industries, with one exception, undertake processing activities that are small scale

and serve local markets. The exception is Emmanuel Pasterties which produces food

products to serve national and international export markets. Most processing industries

are palay mills which convert dried palay products into rice suitable for sale. Most of

this rice is consumed directly or sold locally.

Key industry activity types are wholesale and retail trade, followed by Community,

Social & Personal Services activities and Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities. the


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predominance of wholesale and retail trade and community, social and personal services sectors indicates a developing and diversifying local industry base.

While not being large heavy industries wherein large numbers of people are employed by a single firm, these sectors are important to the local economy

because of their high jobs to economic output ratios, and also the way in which they support other businesses and reduce reliance on a single economic sector

for the municipality’s livelihood.

Finally, with respect to tourism, while Canaman is not expected to become a major tourism district, there are sufficient events and attractive features that

warrant promotion to draw new visitors, and increase local employment and economic activity. Key opportunities exist in terms of history, culture/religion

and water based activities along the Bicol River.

Photos 9a-e: Potential tourism attractions in Canaman are historical markers, cultural festivals and activities on the Bicol River.


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2.7.2 Employment

In 2009, Canaman registered an employment rate of 9,761 meaning that 98.4% of persons in the labor force were employed. This is not far from the national

figure of 92.5%. The same survey in 2009 revealed that 56.63% of all employed are waged members. Also, out of the total employed, 62.53% belong to the

lower class of laborers, unskilled workers, farmers, service workers and clerks. However, many of these people have unstable or seasonal jobs.

2.7.3 Poverty Level

The 2009 CBMS Survey revealed that 41.6% of the households in the municipality have income below poverty threshold. This means that they cannot afford

the basic necessities to live decently such as food, shelter, education and clothing. On a per barangay basis, the same CBMS results showed that Palo has the

highest poverty incidence at 67.83% closely followed by Sta. Cruz at 67.72% while San Vicente has the lowest poverty incidence at 22.27%. Figure 7 illustrates

the poverty incidence per barangay as of 2009.

Photos 10a-b: Households experiencing poverty can be found in both urban and rural barangays.


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Figure 7: Poverty Incidence, LGU Canaman, 2009.

Data Source: 2009 Community Based Monitoring System.


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2.8 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

The municipality is greatly influenced by the growth and development of

the neighboring Naga City. The existing land use map of the municipality

reveals increasing amounts of urban activity in the barangays near Naga

City and the impact of roads as magnet for development. This is also true

in the rural barangays where residential establishments are seen

sprouting along the main roads.

A number of commercial establishments have recently been established

near the Naga-Canaman boundary and along the National highway going

to Barangay Baras. Significant residential development has also occurred

in barangays near Naga City and along the major roads.

The vast majority of the land area is still devoted to agriculture, especially

rice farming. Nipa swamps are present and forms part of the economy

and ecosystem of the area. Fishery development is also currently being

pushed by the local government unit, such as inland fishery (fish ponds)

and fish cages in some parts of the Bicol River. Table 3 contains a

summary of the existing land use categories by area, viz:

Table 3: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013.

LAND USE CATEGORIES EXISTING AREA (Hectares) PERCENT TO TOTAL

Residential 196.60 4.54%

Commercial 7.82 0.18%

Infrastructure/Utilities 82.90 1.92%

Institutional 10.44 0.24%

Parks/Playgrounds & other recreational spaces 1.15 0.03%

Industrial 0.40 0.01%

Agriculture 3898.14 90.08%

Forest and Forest Use categories 0.00 0.00%

Mining and Quarrying 0.00 0.00%

Grasslands/Pasture 0.00 0.00%

Agro-industrial 0.11 0.00%

Tourism 0.00 0.00%

Other Uses

Cemetery 0.25 0.01%

Sanitary waste management facilities - MRF 0.10 0.00%

Buffer zones/greenbelts 0.00 0.00%

Water Uses

Nipa Swamps 129.31 2.99%


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LAND USE CATEGORIES EXISTING AREA (Hectares) PERCENT TO TOTAL

Mangrove Forests 0.00 0.00%

Tourism (recreation/resorts) 0.00 0.00%

Infrastructure (e.g. ports, fish landing) 0.05 0.00%

Aquaculture and marine culture (fish cage/pen) 0.03 0.00%

Others, specify (e.g. river sand/gravel quarrying etc) 0.00 0.00%

TOTAL 4327.29 100

The above-listed land use categories and areas are reflected in the following Existing land Use Map of Canaman.


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Map 6: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013.


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2.9 Comparative/Competitive Advantages

• Adjacent to Naga City (and short travel time to centro Naga)

• Well paved and vast road network

• Gateway to Naga City from the towns of Magarao, Bombon, Calabanga, Siruma and Tinambac along the

National Highway

• Good access to infrastructure to support urban development

• A stable and steady rate of population growth

• Home to major tertiary education institutions

• Producer of palay (with surplus of palay production vis-à-vis consumption requirement)

• Traversed by the Bicol River

• Acknowledged as rich in history and culture: Birthplace of Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit; home of Lagaylay

and Anahaw Abaniko; home of renowned Bikol writers and artists, home of standard Bikol, subject of the

studies of Fr. Lynch on the social structure of Philippine Society which is a reading in social anthropology

class in major universities here and abroad)


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2.10 Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns

• Flood prone and low elevation, making the town particularly vulnerable

to floods and typhoons

• Silted/clogged waterways

• Presence of settlers in danger zones

• Rapid riverbank erosion especially in some parts of the 2 cut-off

channels

• Rapid increase of informal settlers

• Estimated 42% of homes constructed from makeshift materials

• Lack of burial facilities (cemetery)

• Shortage of permanent elementary and secondary teachers

• Shortage of PNP and BFP personnel and facilities

• Lack of recreation amenities for children, youth and elderly

• Malnutrition impacting an estimated 27% of children under the age of 5

• Limited LGU fund for financial assistance to indigent constituents

• Low household incomes and under employment

• Low numbers and proportion of college graduates

• Decrease in agricultural area and volume of production

• Insufficient infrastructure support facilities such as Farm to Market

Roads, Irrigation, drainage canals and warehouse

• Lack of transport terminals

• Undeveloped tourism areas

• Inadequate streetlights in barangays and necessary improvements of

national road streetlights.

• 15 % of the total number of households has no electricity

• Insufficient water supply system

• Poor water quality in many places

• Limited communication facilities in rural barangays

• Laxity in enforcement of RA 9003 (Solid Waste Management)


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2.11 Functional Role of the Municipality

The following are the functional roles of the Municipality relative to Naga City, Metro Naga and the province of Camarines Sur, viz:

a) Expansion area of development of Naga City - the municipality generally provides the

necessary space requirements for the spill-over of development in Naga City and

natural increase and urbanization of Canaman– especially for residential and

commercial activities.

b) Host to vital institutional establishments –the three District Engineering Offices (DEO)

of the DPWH-Camarines Sur (1st

, 2nd

& 3rd

DEOs), the specialized schools for maritime

(Mariners Polytechnic Colleges Foundation) and for aeronautics (the Aeronautical

Schools of the Philippines)

c) Producer of palay – the municipality has a computed average surplus of 68% of its

annual palay production vis-à-vis required consumption, equivalent to more than

fifteen thousand metric tons of available palay per year

d) Home to Dragon Boat Racing – Canaman proposes to become the hub for Dragon

Boat Racing in the Bicol region because of its strategic location downstream of Naga

City and proposed projects investing in supporting facilities and events/programs.


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3. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

3.1 Vision/Mission


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45

3.2 Goals and Objectives

PHYSICAL/ENVRIONMENTAL SECTOR SOCIAL SECTOR ECONOMIC SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURAL SECTOR Goal:

Ecological protection, along with sustainable

economic development, climate change

adaptation and disaster resilience are

achieved through careful management of our

environment and natural resources.

Goal:

All taga-Canaman are self-sufficient and able to

achieve their desired quality of life through

improved livelihood opportunities, housing,

education, health and other support services

Goal:

A strong and distinctly ‘Canaman’ local

economy characterized by sustainable

agriculture, expanding industries and

businesses, creative use of nipa and

abaniko and growing tourism sector.

Goal:

The provision of infrastructure is

integrated with all other areas of

service delivery, so that it brings

multiple benefits to taga-Canaman.

Objectives:

1. To achieve effective solid waste

management in the interests of human

health and environmental quality.

2. To improve the quality of all waterways to

deliver better environmental (water

quality, biodiversity, erosion control),

public health and livelihood benefits.

3. To reduce the vulnerability of our people,

buildings and infrastructure to disasters

through

- mitigating known risks and hazards

- careful management of land use and

the environment

- developing our capacity to plan,

prevent, prepare and respond to

disasters.

4. To develop our capacity of all sectors to

adapt to a changing climate, characterized

by drier dry seasons, wetter wet seasons,

increased flood hazard and rising sea

levels.

Objectives:

1. Increased and diversified household incomes

through skills trainings, household/agri-based

livelihood, access to capital and marketing

support.

2. To improve access to, and quality of all forms

of education from barangay day care right

through to college, towards the goal of one

college graduate per household.

3. Improved nutrition outcomes through joined

up agriculture-social welfare-health programs.

4. Improved primary health outcomes through

enhanced curative and preventative services

at barangay and municipality levels.

5. Safe and secure housing for those living in

informal settlements, hazardous locations

and/or in makeshift housing.

6. Support well-planned urban development that

houses a growing population.

7. Infrastructure and service delivery that

support peace and order, recreation, Bicol

culture and quality of life.

Objectives:

1. To ensure the long term future of

agriculture and fisheries in Canaman

through demonstration of organic

and integrated farming approaches,

targeted infrastructure support and

sound environmental management.

2. Increased agricultural and

commercial investment through

increasing access to finance, along

with necessary trainings on financial

management.

3. To increase the capacity of all taga-

Canaman to generate income

through education, trainings and skill

development.

4. To promote alternative livelihoods,

such as Bicol River tourism, local

vegetable production, and value-

adding to native products.

5. To provide infrastructure that

supports economic activities.

Objectives:

1. Infrastructure provision is

integrated with long term

planning, and itself is planned, to

ensure the benefits of public

investment are maximized.

2. To provide infrastructures whose

needs are well documented, such

as but not limited to:

- Public Cemetery

- Completion of Circumferential

Road and the Sua-Linaga-San

Roque connector

- Hanging bridge to Iquin

- Drainage along DPH Boulevard

- Transport terminal in the

poblacion

- Water augmentation to rural

barangays

- Materials Recovery Facilities in

all barangays.

3. To maintain infrastructures in a

planned, funded and co-ordinated

manner.


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46

3.3 The Concept/Structure Plan

The concept/structure plan was developed as a result of several

workshops with elected officials and the CLUP Technical Working Group.

A semi-structured approach was taken to these workshops, were

participants discussed different options for managing growth and change

in Canaman over the planning period.

Participants were particularly requested to consider:

• different concepts on urban growth (e.g. linear growth, staged

growth)

• outcomes of the 2013 barangay consultations

• constraints presented by flood/sea level rise/ tsunami hazards

• integrated sectoral analysis (summarized in Volume 3)

• identified competitive/comparative advantages, weaknesses,

functional role of the municipality and the updated vision,

mission, goal and objectives (all summarized above).

Through these discussions, four major development options were

identified, namely: agricultural development, commercial development,

tourism development and the fourth is a combination of the three. The

options were then further workshopped with members of the SB

Committee on Land Use and the CLUP Technical Working Group, where

the combination option emerged as the most appropriate option followed

by agricultural development, then by commercial development and

tourism development at far fourth. The combination option was also seen

to promote complementation among the other development strategies

and espouses a more optimized utilization of the lands.

Considering the abovementioned factors, a concept/structure map was

formulated to project this development concept spatially on a map. The


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Figures 8a-c: Examples of urban development scenarios discussed at workshops with SB

members and CLUP Technical Working Group.


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48

2013-2023 concept/structure map then evolved reflecting a combination of the

three major development options. The areas identified for urban expansion

were informed by population projections and associated projections of likely

land requirements to 2023 (see Volume 3 for more detail).

Workshop participants were asked to balance the need to conserve the

most productive agricultural land for agricultural purposes with the

equally important needs of ensuring the supply of land for urban

development is not constrained and promoting urban development in

places that make best use of existing and planned infrastructure.

The resultant concept map shows vast tracts of land being set aside for

agricultural production and development, as well as areas for urban

expansion and development close to existing built up areas and Naga City,

and site for tourism development on the Bicol River in line with other

plans.

As expected, the influence of Naga City’s development is evident in the

concept/structure map as the major urban development areas gravitate

in the areas near or along the city’s periphery while the areas for

agricultural production is towards the rural barangays in the west. A

linear growth is seen along the national road and along the San Vicente-

del Rosario Road, while a sizeable residential development is also seen in

the areas near Naga. An expansion of the commercial area in the town

center is likewise projected and a satellite node of development is seen at

the junction of Barangay Fundado due to the approved construction of

skybridge that will connect Canaman to Libmanan and the possible

increase in traffic of people, vehicle and goods along the route.

The rest of the existing vast agricultural areas are envisioned for

agricultural production and development. Crop diversification and

increased palay production thru the adoption of applicable technologies

shall be given emphasis. Support structures are likewise highlighted

especially on irrigation and drainage.

A portion of the Bicol River and Cut-off Channel in barangay Mangayawan

are identified as sites for tourism development especially on water sports

(dragon boat/paddling/kayaking, etc.) and as jump-off for river cruise and

historical/cultural/eco-tourism activities.

An underlying principle in coming-up with the concept/structure map is

the integration of disaster risk reduction & mitigation and climate change

adaptation considering that the area is flood prone and is within the

typhoon belt area. This becomes clearer in Volume 2 the Zoning

Ordinance through the incorporation of a flood hazard overlay to ensure

appropriate mitigation techniques are adopted for all new buildings in

land known to be vulnerable to flood/storm hazards. Volume 3, the

Sectoral Studies, also discusses known disaster hazards and climate

change projections and contains recommendations for PPAs.

Below is the 2013-2023 concept/structure map for Canaman:


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Map 7: Concept / Structure Map, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023.


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3.4 The Land Use Plan

The 2013-2023 General Land Use Plan of Canaman is an attempt to strike a balance between development, sustainability, disaster risk reduction and

development opportunities with the people’s welfare always at the fore of concern. A core goal for the Land Use Plan is to achieve a fair and equitable balance

between public wellbeing and individual freedom and interest.

The following are the highlights of this General Land Use Plan:

• Integration of disaster risk reduction and mitigation and climate change adaptation thru

- Exclusion of danger zones in the identified residential areas

- Promotion of socialized housing in a number of suitable areas, some of which can double as relocation sites for those living in danger

areas

- Provision of buffer zones/greenbelt areas especially along waterways

- Promotion of Crop diversification, integrated farming & inland fishery

- Identification of fishery zones/areas for fish cages

- Emphasized the observance of legal easements (e.g. in creeks, rivers, roads, etc.)

- Emphasized the need for all new development in land known to be at risk of flood hazard to demonstrate appropriate mitigation

techniques

• Optimized the zoning layout of the poblacion area

• Identification of a growth node

• Incorporation of a “Deferred Residential” approach to residential growth areas to help direct residential growth to optimal locations

• Expansion of commercial areas based on the existing trend

• Expansion of residential areas based on the existing trend and considering the areas least prone to hazards

• Identification of sites that will host vital institutional facilities (e.g. new PNP station, new BFP station, new recreational areas, etc.)

• Nipa lands preservation

• Identification of site for tourism development and promotion of tourism

• Optimization of agricultural lands

• Delineation of expansion areas in all barangays

• Identification of new support infrastructures (i.e. road networks)


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A total of ______ hectares represent the new residential are in this plan, an increase of _____ hectares representing ___ % versus the existing

residential area. This includes a total of ____ hectares targeted for socialized housing, some portion will also be utilized as relocation areas for those living in

the danger zones.

Also, an increase of _____ % in the commercial areas is proposed representing the zones that are currently experiencing commercial growth and

others are for expansion. This is a product of the dictates of the current trend and considering the projected continued growth driven by natural increase, the

movement of taga-Canaman from rural barangays to urban barangays and accommodation of taga-Naga in Canaman’s urban barangays. The identified areas

for tourism development are near/along the Bicol River in barangay Mangayawan.

Table 5 presents a comparative figure per land use category, to wit:

Table 4: Future Land Use based upon Proposed Land Use Plan, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023.

LAND USE CATEGORIES AREA (In Hectares)

INCREASE/DECREASE EXISTING PROPOSED

Residential 196.5982

Commercial 7.8179

Infrastructure/Utilities 82.9034

Institutional 10.4372

Parks/Playgrounds & other recreational spaces 1.1524

Industrial 0.4019

Agriculture 3898.1361

Forest and Forest Use categories 0.0000

Mining and Quarrying 0.0000

Grasslands/Pasture 0.0000

Agro-industrial 0.1100

Tourism 0.0000

Other Uses

Cemetery 0.2507

Sanitary waste management facilities - MRF 0.1000

Buffer zones/greenbelts 0.0000

Water Uses

Nipa Swamps 129.3074

Mangrove Forests 0.0000

Tourism (recreation/resorts) 0.0000

Infrastructure (e.g. ports, fish landing) 0.0497


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Aquaculture and marine culture (fish cage/pen) 0.0252

Others, specify (e.g. river sand/gravel quarrying etc) 0.0000

TOTAL 4327.2901

The above figures are distributed in the twenty four barangays and are graphically represented in Map 7:


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Map 8: Proposed Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023.


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3.5 Land & Water Use Policies

The role of the land use policies is to provide guidelines, methods, procedures and rules that will guide land use and development in the municipality, to help

convert the goals/objectives of the CLUP and the land use plan, into a reality. The land use policies are the most detailed/directive aspect of Volume 1 – and

provide clear guidance for the regulations contained in Volume 2, the Zoning Ordinance.

3.5.1 General Land Use Policies

1. New development and/or change in land use should comply with all relevant national, provincial and municipality laws, policies, regulations,

ordinances and resolutions.

2. New development and/or change in land use should comply with the regulations specified in the Zoning Ordinance, including any special requirements

for such a use and the statement of the zone’s desired character.

3. New development and/or change in land use should not inhibit the orderly development of the area, including the achievement of the desired

character of development in that particular area.

4. New development and/or change in land use adjacent to neighboring municipalities should have regard to the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance of that

particular municipality.

5. Development at the boundary with another zone should have due regard to the zoning regulations, and land uses/development within the adjoining

zone.

6. Where there is inconsistency between regulations specified in the Zoning Ordinance, the zone and, if applicable, overlay regulations take precedence

over more general regulations.

7. Where new development and/or change in land use is not expressly envisaged through zone regulations, it should be considered that the development

and/or land use is not appropriate.

8. In areas where a mix of land uses is acceptable and desired, more intensive uses should not unreasonably impact less intensive uses, while less

intensive uses should not impose unreasonable restrictions on the activities of more intensive uses.

9. New development should be located and designed to minimize impacts and conflict between land uses, and to protect desired land uses from the

encroachment of incompatible development.

10. New development and/or change in land use should only take place where existing infrastructure and utilities can be accessed.

11. Urban expansion should occur in an orderly sequence and in a compact form to enable the efficient provision of public services and facilities, and the

efficient and cost effective use of existing infrastructure.

12. Urban expansion of rural barangays should seek to promote a “square” development pattern rather than linear expansion along roads, to ensure most

residents can walk to key services.

13. Urban expansion is not appropriate on land identified and mapped as “development constrained” because of known hazard risks.

14. New development should not be located in land known to be exposed to flood, erosion, fire or ground settlement hazards, unless there are adequate

measures in place to adequately respond those hazard risk(s).


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15. New development and/or change in land use should not detrimentally affect the amenity of the

area, create unreasonable noise or air quality impacts on nearby properties, or contribute to environmental degradation (land contamination, water

quality, biodiversity, erosion, human health).

16. No development should take place in sensitive natural environments.

17. New development and/or change of land use should not result in the disturbance and modification of the natural landform.

18. New development and/or change in land use should re-instate, maintain and enhance natural hydrological wherever possible.

19. Development adjacent to Bicol River and Canaman Creek should not worsen existing erosion, siltation and/or water quality.

20. Development of toilets, pigpens and any other development that creates animal or human wastes adjacent to Bicol River and Canaman Creek should

ensure outflow waters do not unreasonably impact the health of the receiving waterways.

21. New development should be sited and designed to protect water quality, reduce run off and peak flows, and downstream flood risk, maximize the local

re-use of storm water and protect storm water from pollution sources.

22. New development and/or change in land use should minimize harm to life, property and environment through appropriate location of development,

and appropriate storage, containment and handling of hazardous materials.

23. New development should provide adequate and safe vehicle access, and vehicle parking, movement and loading areas.

24. Major development should incorporate traffic impact assessment.

25. Development and/or change in land use should incorporate appropriate landscaping for shading, visual amenity and environmental purposes.

26. Development and/or change in land use should include adequate space and facilities for solid waste management.

3.5.2 General Water Use Policies

1. Water resources should be managed sustainably (i.e. in ways that ensure their ongoing health and availability for future generations) and equitably

between different uses and users.

2. Within the municipality’s waterways, fisheries (including fish cages and similar structures), tourism (including dragon boat racing and river cruises) and

conservation should be balanced to ensure that the ecological health of the water zone is maintained, thereby ensuring the long term future of all

activities in the zone.

3. Permanent structures on/over water bodies should ensure that all human and animal wastes are disposed of away from the water body.

4. All development on water should conform with the Canaman Comprehensive Fisheries Ordinance 2003 (or any ordinance that supersedes this

ordinance)

3.5.3 Policies for Residential Land Uses

1. Residential development should provide safe, convenient and health living environments that meet the full housing needs and preferences of taga-

Canaman.

2. Range of dwelling types and sizes should be available to cater for a range of household types.

3. Residential dwellings should be located in Residential Zones, or in non-residential zones where the non-residential uses do not undermine acceptable

residential amenity.


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4. New residential development should be made of strong construction materials that are able to withstand storm events known to occur in Canaman.

5. Land division for residential development should occur in an orderly sequence to ensure an efficient provision of new infrastructure and facilities and

to optimize the use of existing under-utilized infrastructure and facilities.

6. New residential subdivisions should form a compact extension of existing built up areas.

7. New residential subdivisions should not be isolated from existing built up areas unless it can be demonstrated that adequate roads, drainage, water,

electricity, waste management, health and educational infrastructure and services can be provided to residents.

8. Roads, opens spaces, paths, buildings and land uses should be laid out and linked so they are easy to understand, navigate, allow for energy efficient

building orientation and maximize vistas towards Mount Isarog and the Bicol River.

9. New residential dwellings should promote safety and reduce crime by providing passive surveillance of the street through ensuring windows over look

the street, and fencing is permeable.

10. New residential dwellings should avoid overlooking and/or overshadowing adjoining properties.

11. Residential development should ensure sufficient space is provided for vehicle access and parking, storage, clothes drying, private open space and

storage of waste.

12. Resettlement areas should be:

• located in Residential Zones

• Within 400m (acceptable walking distance) of a jeepney access point

• Within 400m (acceptable walking distance) of an existing store

• Within 2km of the informal settlements where residents are moving from

• Within 2km of an existing school, barangay hall and health clinic.

3.5.4 Policies for Commercial and Industrial Land Uses

1. Commercial and industrial land uses should be located in zones that facilitate clustering of similar activities, sharing of infrastructures and utilities, and

limiting of environmental impacts.

2. Major (defined how?) commercial and industrial land uses should only be located on National Highway, to maximize proximity to major infrastructure

and minimize impacts.

3. Commercial and industrial land uses should only be mixed with uses of lesser intensity when it can be demonstrated that the uses of lesser intensity

will not be unreasonably impacted by the commercial and industrial activities, and that the ongoing operation of commercial and industrial activities is

not compromised.

4. Major commercial development should not undermine the effective operation of the Canaman Public Market in the poblacion.

5. Commercial and industrial developments at the edge of zones should have particular regard to their impact on sensitive used in adjoining zones.

6. Commercial and industrial developments should include garbage storage or waste collection area or facilities, and areas for sorting, storing and

removal of recyclables

7. Commercial and industrial development should not have an unacceptable impact on the surround environment because of emissions of noise, dust or

odors, or contamination of soil and water.


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3.5.5 Policies for Agricultural Land Uses

1. The availability of low cost nutritious food is ensured through protecting productive agricultural land through zoning.

2. Agricultural land uses should practice sustainable land management practices to ensure the long term future of food production in Canaman.

3. Residential dwellings should only be constructed in agricultural areas where the connection between the continuation of farming, and the construction

of the dwelling, can be demonstrated.

4. Buildings in agricultural areas, such as warehouses and processing mills, are acceptable provided they do not have unreasonable impacts on

agricultural production.

5. Larger scale agricultural processing businesses should be limited to Industrial Zones in built up areas.

6. Agricultural land that can access irrigation infrastructure, along with lands known to have high soil fertility and thus production potential, should never

be converted to non-agricultural uses.

3.5.6 Policies for Institutional and Community Land Uses

1. Land for educational institutions, health care facilities and other critical institutional and community land uses is set aside in strategic locations that are

not exposed to hazard risks, and protected from development through zoning.

2. Cemeteries should be developed in

a) Zones without sensitive land uses,

b) Land not known to be flood prone, and

c) connected to a major road network.

3.6 Priority Programs and Projects

The CLUP is a ten year plan for the Municipal Government of Canaman. Volume 3 of the CLUP, the Sectoral Studies, contains recommendations and strategies

to respond to identified needs for every sector, as well as integrated sectoral analyses to identify the most pressing concerns. Many of these

recommendations and strategies have informed the above Land Use Plan and Land Use Policies, and are implemented in full through Volume 2, the Zoning

Ordinance, through the regulation of land use and development.

There are, however, a number of recommendations and strategies arising from the CLUP that cannot be implemented through the Zoning Ordinance and

instead require direct action from the municipality. These Priority Programs and Projects should be implemented by the municipality as a matter of urgency in

order for the municipality to achieve its vision, mission, goals and objectives, and to support the achievement of the land use plan. The failure to implement

these priority programs and projects will limit the effective implementation of the Zoning Ordinance.

The Priority Programs and Projects are described as near term (2013-2016) and long term (2013-2023) as follows:


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Near Term Priority Programs and Projects (2013-2016)

• Land banking(identification and acquisition of lots)

• Establishment of resettlement/socialized housing areas

• Establishment of Cemetery/Memorial Park

• Strict enforcement of easement and setbacks on roads and

waterways

• Improvement of drainage system

(construction/repair/improvement of drainage canals, etc.)

• Construction of farm-to-market roads

• Allocation of additional financial assistance to disadvantaged

group

• Expansion of pipeline for level 2 and level 3 water supply system

• Dredging/desilting of waterways

• Updating of Development Plans & Databases

• Operationalization of Geographic Information System (GIS)

• Construction of Bridges (Liñaga, Iquin, Fundado-Barobaybay, etc.)

• Establishment of 24 MRFs

• Expansion of MNWD pipeline & exploration of underground water

• Integrated farming /Livelihood projects on agriculture and

fisheries

• Computerization of LGU processes

• Education/Capability Building Program to develop skills for

employment

• Support livelihood and grow household incomes through

- Enhanced scholarships program

- household/agri-based livelihood

- access to capital and promotion/marketing support

- Provision of loan for seed- capital or start-up equipment

- Livelihood options through dragon boat (tourism)

- Ongoing development and promotion of the Pasalubong

Centre

• Establishment of integrated transport terminal

• Promotion of Tourism and construction of facilities to support

dragon boat racing at Mangayawan

• Enhanced LGU Tertiary Educational Fund Assistance Program

• Provide capability building and support to Day Care Workers.

• Support barangays to update / or implement their Solid Waste

Management plans

• Appointment of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer

• Purchase of Disaster Response Equipment

• Prepare a Comprehensive Drainage System Plan

• Acquire land and install drainage before additional buildings are

constructed to take away the possibility of doing so.

• New roads must promote a compact pattern of development

• Commit to minimum standards for all new bridges, including a

minimum width.

• Advocate for the widespread construction of the CP Wash

Technology with funding from the Bottom Up Budgeting Process

• Detailed urban development plans to ensure new subdivisions are

well planned and provided with necessary infrastructure

Long Term Priority Programs and Projects (2013-2023)

• Establishment of a bigger recreation complex with complete

amenities

• Improvement to barangay multi-function pavements

• Establishment of shared walking/cycling trail along DPH Boulevard

• Establishment of buffer zones/greenbelts especially along

waterways

• Construction of additional streetlights in strategic areas &

Improvement of street lightings along the National road

• Installation/construction/expansion of Irrigation system

• Construction/improvement of drainage

• Construction/improvement/repair of public buildings

• Establishment of processing house for nipa sap/Livelihood

• Construction of slaughterhouse


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• Stabilization of riverbanks and establishment of mini-forest park

• Procurement of Lorry trucks & refilling tanks & rainwater collector

• Establishment of research & devt demo farms

• Continue to monitor the impacts of climate change on the

agricultural sector, and trial new technologies/plant varieties that

adapt to different rainfall and temperature patterns

• Ongoing promotion and support to the fisheries sector

• Continue to monitor the impacts of climate change on the

agricultural sector, and trial new technologies/plant varieties that

adapt to different rainfall and temperature patterns.

• Active development of commercial sector in the poblacion to

develop more service based jobs

• Develop print information to support tourism (e.g historical

information, information about transport/distances, private tour

operators, timing of events, accommodation) and upload to

website

• Advocate to DepEd for additional resources to meet student to

teacher, classroom and equipment ratios

• In consultation with the Local School Board, consider the potential

of using Special Education Fund to meet basic facility/space needs.

• Ensure adequate zoning for future education institutions

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