Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

15

Click here to load reader

Transcript of Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

Page 1: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 1/15

 

Wlj` PapwpefEw}`gxw li

Gljjpacgexcla

@heth Gej}d`ff 

53?5

"T`ycw`h 5332#

Jlalote}b W`tc`w Al! 4

   X   B   @

   C   A   W   X   C   X

   P   X   @   I   L   T

   G   P   F   X   P   T   E

   F   T   @   W   @   E   T

   G   B

Page 2: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 2/15

  4

 

Gl}stcobx £ 5332 Xb` Cawxcxpx` ilt Gpfxptef T`w`etgb

Xb` tcobx li Xb` Cawxcxpx` ilt Gpfxptef T`w`etgb xl d` ch`axcic`h ew xb`

la`tw li xbcw ltk bew d``a eww`tx`h ds xb`j ca eggltheag` cxb xb`

Gl}stcobx& H`wcoaw eah ]ex`axw Egx 5322!

 Eff tcobxw t`w`ty`h Gl}stcobx xbtlpoblpx xb` ltfh 

Al }etx li xbcw }pdfcgexcla jes d` t`}tlhpg`h lt xteawjcxx`h ca eas iltj lt

ds eas j`eaw& `f`gxtlacg& j`gbeacgef lt }blxlote}bcg& ds t`glthcao lt eas

cailtjexcla wxlteo` lt t`xtc`yef wswx`j lt j`xblh al kala lt xl d`

cay`ax`h lt ehe}x`h cxblpx }tclt }`tjcwwcla ldxeca`h ca tcxcao itlj xb`

}pdfcwb`t& xb` Cawxcxpx` ilt Gpfxptef T`w`etgb& `rg`}x ds e t`yc``t uplxcao

dtc`i }ewweo`w ca e t`yc` tcxx`a ilt cagfpwcla ca e nlptaef& jeoe~ca`&

a`w}e}`t lt dtlehgewx!

T`up`wxw ilt }`tjcwwcla xl t`}tcax& t`}tlhpg`& `xg! xl>

Xb` Cawxcxpx` ilt Gpfxptef T`w`etgb& ]L Dlr 444?& Flahla A_4 7D_!

Jlalote}b W`tc`w Al! 4

Xbcw y`twcla }t`}et`h ilt it`` hlafleh 4==9!

Xb` ltcocaef beth gl}s `hcxcla>

CWWA =7=9 53=9 ‗ CWDA = 3=89?8 47 5 ‗ W`glah t`ycw`h `hcxcla 5332

jes d` }ptgbew`h itlj xb` ehht`ww ocy`a edly`& lt la xb` CGT `dwcx`&!c*g*t!lto!pk 

L}caclaw `r}t`ww`h ca jlalote}bw }pdfcwb`h ds xb` Cawxcxpx` ilt Gpfxptef

T`w`etgb et` xl d` t`oeth`h ew xblw` li xb` epxbltw!

Page 3: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 3/15

  7

 

XB@ EPXBLT

@heth Gej}d`ff ew iltj`tfs Fcx`tets @hcxlt li xb` Flahla  @y`acao

 A`w! B` d`oea bcw nlptaefcwxcg get``t ca xb` fex` 537=w cxb K`jwf`s

A`w}e}`tw ca Ofewol! Ex xb` wej` xcj`& b` ew edf` xl }ptwp` e }ewwcla

ilt eacjefw ds ltkcao ca e wjeff ~ll pah`t Ofewol G`axtef Wxexcla!

Xb`t` b` h`jlawxtex`h xbex eacjefw& ca xbcw gew` xbt`` fclaw eah e d`et& gea

d` xteca`h xl bcob gljj`tgcef gctgpw wxeahethw cxblpx t`wltx xl eas iltj li gtp`fxs! B` efwl hcwgly`t`h wlj`xbcao li xb` h`}xb eah wpdxf`xs li 

gljjpacgexcla }lwwcdf` d`x``a j`a eah cfh d`ewxw! Bcw jlalote}b

htew la xbex `rxtelthcaets `r}`tc`ag`!

Xbcw x`rx cw ea `hcx`h y`twcla li e f`gxpt` h`fcy`t`h xl xb` Cawxcxpx` ilt

Gpfxptef T`w`etgb la 5= Lgxld`t& 53?=! Cx ew t`ycw`h ilt xbcw w`glah

`hcxcla ca 5332!

Page 4: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 4/15

  8

Wlj` Papwpef Ew}`gxw li 

Gljjpacgexcla

C wblpfh fck` xl wpoo`wx& y`ts x`axexcy`fs& la` lt xl `rej}f`w li bex glpfh

 d` `rg`}xclaef iltjw li gljjpacgexcla d`x``a jea eah eacjefw!

Cx lpfh e}}`et xbex ca g`txeca gctgpjwxeag`w eacjefw wlj`xcj`w bey`

egg`ww xl iltjw li d`beyclpt bcgb ol d`slah bex cw lthcaetcfs xblpobx xl

 d` xb` p}}`t fcjcx }lwwcdf` ilt xb`j! Cx cff }tldedfs d` x`j}xcao xl egg`}x

xbex xbcw t`effs hl`w be}}`a& dpx tcobx ees C wblpfh eta xbex xb`t` jes

`ff d` lxb`t& upcx` lthcaets& `r}feaexclaw li bex& la xb` ieg` li cx& fllkw

fck` wlj` bcob`t iltj li gloacxcla! Cx jes efwl d` x`j}xcao xl `rxte}lfex`

itlj xb` eacjef,bpjea caxl xb` bpjea,bpjea wcxpexcla& }`tbe}w xb`x`egb`t*}p}cf wcxpexcla eah h`hpg` }eteff`fw! C ej g`txecafs alx wpoo`wxcao

wpgb e }tlg`hpt`!

D`ilt` ` fllk ex la` lt xl }lwwcdf` `rej}f`w& cx jes d` cax`t`wxcao xl

gewx degk xl bex cw kala ‗ lt glan`gxpt`h ‗ edlpx xb` eacjef,bpjea

t`fexclawbc} ca xb` t`jlx` }ewx! Cx w``jw fck`fs xbex ca y`ts `etfs xcj`w xb`t`

`t` xl dewcg eacjef,bpjea t`fexclawbc}w> xb` hlj`wxcg eah xb` jeocg! Ci 

glagfpwclaw xbex et` it`up`axfs htea itlj wpgb xbcaow ew xb` Fewgepr gey`

  }ecaxcaow et` easxbcao fck` gltt`gx& cx lpfh w``j xbex }tcjcxcy` jea hch

t`fex` xl eacjefw la e jeocgef f`y`f! ]tcjcxcy` jea& cx cw wpoo`wx`h& `cxb`t hcwgly`t`h lt beh wbla xl bcj& g`txeca }tlg`hpt`w bcgb& ci gltt`gxfs

gettc`h lpx& `t` ge}edf` li eii`gxcao eacjef d`beyclpt ex e hcwxeag`!

G`txeca }tlg`hpt`w beh xb` `ii`gx li y`gxltcao eacjef b`thw caxl ea ejdpwb

eah wl jekcao bpaxcao f`ww be}be~eth eah jlt` wgc`axcicg!

Wch` ds wch` cxb xbcw xb`t` jpwx bey` d``a efwl e hlj`wxcg t`fexclawbc}!

Wlj` }tcjcxcy` jea& ljea lt gbcfh lpfh& efjlwx ca`ycxedfs& glj` p}la

wlj` slpao eacjef& ea ptlgbw gefi lt e lfi gpd eah cawx`eh li kcffcao cx&

lpfh k``} cx! Al cx cw efjlwx cj}lwwcdf` xl d` ex gflw` upetx`tw cxb e

slpao cfh eacjef ilt eas f`aoxb li xcj` cxblpx hcwgly`tcao wlj`xbcao li bex jek`w cx xcgk! Ci slp e}}tlegb e tpjcaeax cxb slpt etjw `rx`ah`h& cx

cff& ex e g`txeca }lcax li }tlrcjcxs& tecw` cxw b`eh eah xb`a b``f `cxb`t xl

tcobx lt f`ix h`}`ahcao la xb` eaof` li slpt etjw eah dlhs! Ci slp e}}tlegb

cx wflfs& slpt etjw d`bcah slpt degk& cx cff wpii`t slpt a`eta`ww flao`t!

Xb` ictwx eacjef xteca`tw la xb` hlj`wxcg fca` jpwx bey` d``a xblw` `etfs

bpjea d`caow bl ictwx li eff alxcg`h eah t`j`jd`t`h xb` `ii`gx li bpjea

 }bswcgef jly`j`axw la eacjef d`beyclpt! Ew }tcjcxcy` fci` wflfs jly`h

xlethw jlt` w`xxf`h eotetcea glahcxclaw& b`a eotcgpfxpt` d`oea xl t`}feg`

Page 5: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 5/15

  0

bpaxcao& cx cw t`ewlaedf` xl wp}}lw` xbex xb` hlj`wxcg t`fexclawbc} lpfh

 d`glj` jlt` cj}ltxeax eah xb` jeocgef fca` lpfh h`gt`ew`!

Cx lpfh w``j xbex xbcw be}}`a`h& dpx C wbeff wpoo`wx xbex dlxb iltjw

wptycy`h& al hljcaeax& al t`g`wwcy`& al la`& al xb` lxb`t xbtlpob

bcwxlts& `egb a` `j`to`ag` li `cxb`t d`cao efesw ex e d`xx`t f`y`f li wl}bcwxcgexcla ew xb` w}ctef li bcwxlts ewg`ah`h!

Yewx eo`w }eww`h eah xb` hlj`wxcgexcla fca` t`efc~`h bcob }tljcw`! Xb`

bltw`& `f`}beax& hlo& gej`f& }co eah jeas lxb`tw `t` hlj`wxcgex`h! _blf`

gpfxpt`w ot` p}& dew`h la la` lt lxb`t li xb`w` eacjefw! Cx cw cax`t`wxcao xl

w}`gpfex` edlpx bs g`txeca eacjefw eah alx lxb`tw `t` w`f`gx`h! _bs xb`

lfi eah alx xb` dedlla& ilt `rej}f`< Xb`t` w``jw al t`ewla bs xb`

 dedlla wblpfh alx bey` d``a hlj`wxcgex`h! Cx bew e bcob`t cax`ffco`ag` xbea

xb` lfi eah cx bew xb` `altjlpw ehyeaxeo` li ea l}}lwedf` xbpjd! Efjlwx

g`txecafs e bpjea gpfxpt` glpfh bey` d``a h`y`fl}`h cxb xb` wfey` fedlpt li dedllaw ew cxw dewcw! S`x xbcw hl`w alx w``j xl bey` be}}`a`h! Aexpt`

w``jw xl ocy` xl `egb gpfxpt`& ew xl `egb w}`gc`w& xb` jcacjpj a`g`wwets ilt 

wptycyef! ]`tbe}w xb` `ews fci` bcgb e wfey` wxex` li dedllaw lpfh bey`

jeh` }lwwcdf` a`y`t be}}`a`h d`gepw` cx lpfh bey` cawpfex`h jea itlj

xb` y`ts `iiltxw a`g`wwets ilt bcw la }tlot`ww!

Xbex dedllaw glpfh bey` d``a hlj`wxcgex`h w``jw iectfs gf`et! Ex xb`

 d`ocaacao li xbcw g`axpts e hcwedf`h Wlpxb Eitcgea tecfesjea ew ocy`a e

fcobx nld ew wcoaefjea la e fla`fs dteagb tecfes fca`! B` ehl}x`h e slpao

gbegje dedlla ilt glj}eas eah& }`tbe}w d`gepw` li xb` fla`fs wcxpexcla& et`jetkedf` t`fexclawbc} h`y`fl}`h! Xb` dedlla egx`h ew ea `eo`t eah

cffcao b`f}`t& hlcao egxpef ltk ‗ fck` }pxxcao la xb` k`xxf`! Icaeffs b`

egxpeffs xteca`h cx xl }pff wcoaef f`y`tw eah& ci glax`j}ltets egglpaxw et` alx

ly`thtea& cx w``jw xl bey` hla` xbcw cxb wlj`xbcao e}}tlegbcao e w`aw`

li t`w}lawcdcfcxs! Eah eff xbex itlj e wcaof` o`a`texcla!

Bl`y`t& xl ol degk! Efxblpob xb` jeocgef fca` li t`fexclawbc} h`gfca`h

cxb xb` ehyeag` li w`xxf`h gpfxpt`w eah xb` wpgg`ww li hlj`wxcgexcla& xb`

jeocg kalf`ho` jes alx bey` d``a iltolxx`a! Cx jes ca wlj` es bey`

 d``a j`t`fs wpdj`to`h& xl t`*`j`to` ca a` iltjw ca fex`t eo`w!

Ca xb` ot`ex }t`*Gfewwcgef gpfxpt`w li eaxcupcxs b`t` t`fcoclpw iltjw

lix`a g`axt`h p}la e wegt`h eacjef xb`t` jes d` e bcax li xb` jeocgef fca`

t`*`j`tocao! @etfs ca xb` ictwx jcff`aacpj D!G! Ewwptaewct}ef CC "227‗203#

w``jw xl bey` k`}x e upcx` `rx`awcy` glff`gxcla li cfh eacjefw ca e w`jc*

hlj`wxcg glahcxcla& }`tbe}w }`tc}b`tef xl xb` g`axtef t`fcoclpw ldw`tyeag`!

Ca @os}x& ]xlf`js ]bcflj`x`t ca xb` jchhf` li xb` ictwx jcff`aacpj D!G! beh

e t`fcoclpw }tlg`wwcla ca bcgb e wxexp` li xb` olh ew }pff`h ds `f`}beaxw&

fclaw& lr`a& lwxtcgb`w& d`etw& gej`fw& e octeii` eah e tbcal%

Page 6: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 6/15

  9

  Al cx cw npwx }lwwcdf` xl dtcao xlo`xb`t eacjefw li xbcw h`ot`` li 

hcy`twcxs eah jek` xb`j }pff e gbetclx! Xb`t` lpfh bey` xl d` }t`w`ax

  }`l}f` bl `t` o`apca`fs kalf`ho`edf` edlpx eacjef d`beyclpt! B`t`

 }`tbe}w ` j``x xb` ictwx bcax li e g`txeca t`jetkedf` ch`e! Cx cw xbex ea ltef

eah& cx jes `y`a d`& ea cacxcexlts xtehcxcla& `rcwxw }t`w`tycao itlj t`jlx`wxxcj`w wlj` w}`gcef kalf`ho` edlpx gljjpacgexcao cxb eacjefw! Xl xb`

  }t`w`ax hes& bcaxw li xbcw gfecj gea d` ilpah ca wlj` li xb` xtehcxclaef

@ptl}`ea jlpax`deak iejcfc`w eah C }`twlaeffs kal li ea cawxeag` ca

bcgb ea lt}bea dls ew xlfh li bcw la iejcfs–w xtehcxcla b`a b` ew li 

ea eo` xl pah`twxeah cx!

Xbcw ch`e li e w`gt`x xtehcxcla li eacjef beahf`tw& e wltx li opcfh li 

 }`l}f` cab`tcxcao w`gt`xw li glaxtlffcao eacjefw& ew xek`a y`ts w`tclpwfs ds

B`atc Xb`xeth& e jlh`j bcwxltcea li xb` gctgpw! B` xllk e iptxb`t hetcao

f`e} caxl w}`gpfexcla eah `upex`h xbcw b`t`hcxets lth`t cxb xb` os}wc`w! Jsla yc` cw xbex xb`t` cw wlj` t`ewla ilt d`fc`ycao xbex xb` xtehcxcla ch`e

bew e dewcw ca iegx& dpx C hla–x xbcak cx lpfh d` `upex`h cxb xb` os}wc`w!

Ca Tljea xcj`w xb` hlj`wxcgexcla fca` ilpah e a` f`y`f li 

wl}bcwxcgexcla ‗ xb` xtecacao li eacjefw ilt `ax`txecaj`ax! Ewch` itlj xb`

gljdex w}`gxegf`w ca xb` Tljea et`aew bcgb `t` xb` }tlycag` li xb`

d`wxcetcc xb`t` w``jw xl bey` d``a e opcfh li xteca`tw& xb` jeawp`xetc& bl

`t` eacjef beahf`tw& kalf`ho`edf` edlpx gljjpacgexcao cxb cfh

 d`ewxw eah beycao `y`a h`ot``w li edcfcxs! Xb` edcfcxs xl beta`ww e fcla eah

xteca cx xl }pff e gbetclx w``jw xl bey` d``a la` li xb`ct xteh` x`wxw! Xb`s et`efwl wech xl bey` xteca`h fclaw xl t`xtc`y` fck` oej` hlow& e i`ex w``jcaofs

hp}fcgex`h cxb Wcd`tcea xco`tw ex xb` glptx li Kpdfec Kbea!

Wlj` li xb`w` i`exw li xtecacao bey` o`a`teffs d``a xblpobx li ew w`jc*

jsxbcgef lt ex eas tex` ew etxcwxcg lt fcx`tets `rxteyeoeag`w! Dpx ca 5344 e

O`tjea xteca`t& Efit`h Keh`a li xb` Beo`ad`gk wgbllf xblpobx b` lpfh

fck` xl hcwgly`t b`xb`t fclaw }pffcao gbetclxw ew e }tegxcgef pah`txekcao!

B` hcwgly`t`h xbex cx ew eah xteca`h xl fclaw xl }pff e gbetclx ca xeah`j!

Xbcw ew egxpeffs wbla ca Flahla ca @etfw Glptx ca 5349!

Ealxb`t @ptl}`ea xteca`t& e y`ts t`jetkedf` fcxxf` jea geff`h Beaw

Dtcgk& ew iewgcaex`h ds f`o`ahw li fclaw xteca`h xl t`xtc`y` oej` ca xb`

gbew`! B` xteca`h bcw la fcla Bedcdc xl wbllx e hetx itlj e w}tcao opa&

xb`a xl w``k cx lpx& t`xtc`y` cx eah dtcao cx degk eah htl} cx ex bcw i``x! C bey`

exgb`h xbcw }`tbe}w icixs xcj`w! Wl cx lpfh w``j xbex wlj` li xb`

jeawp`xetc i`exw& flao xblpobx xl d` e}lgts}bef& bey` d``a yefchex`h ca

t`g`ax xcj`w!

Ci xtecacao ilt `ax`txecaj`ax ew ea `rx`awcla li xb` hlj`wxcgexcla

`ax`t}tcw` ca e a` iltj& et` xb`t` eas xteg`w li xb` jeocgef fca` wblcao e

wcjcfet t`ycyef ca e jlt` wl}bcwxcgex`h opcw`< ]`tbe}w! Ca Ot``g` xb`t`

Page 7: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 7/15

  ?

e}}`etw xl bey` d``a ea ejdpfeax gewx` li }`l}f` gljdcacao xb` ipagxclaw

li }tc`wx eah }`tiltj`t! Xb` eostx`w e}}et`axfs }tegxcw`h wlj` iltj li 

bs}alxcg b`efcao xl xb` egglj}eacj`ax li xteca`h eacjef }`tiltjeag`w xl

jpwcg! B`t` e ‒jeocgef– glj}la`ax w``jw iectfs `ych`ax!

F`x pw al fllk jlt` gflw`fs ex xbcw xtehcxcla li e b`t`hcxets gewx` }t`w`tycao itlj y`ts eagc`ax xcj`w wlj` w`gt`x kalf`ho` edlpx eacjefw!

Xb` os}wc`w& ew ` wbeff w`` }t`w`axfs& lpfh g`txecafs e}}`et xl bey`

gfecjw ca xbcw hct`gxcla& dpx cx jes d` }lwwcdf` xl w`` wlj` ch`t otlp}cao

 ds fllkcao ex xb` bcwxlts li jeocg texb`t xbea li eacjef t`fexclawbc}w!

Wlj` eaxbtl}lflocwxw d`fc`y` xbex eff jeocg flt` ca xb` ltfh hcw}`tw`h

ltcocaeffs itlj e wcaof` g`axt` ca Ewce! Xbcw Xpteacea }`l}f`& w}`ekcao ea

eoofpxcaexcy` Ptef*Efxecg feaopeo`& w}t`eh `wxethw itlj xb` Ewcexcg

Bcobfeahw& ilpahcao Ewwstce eah Dedsflace! Xb`s hcww`jcaex`h jeocgef

kalf`ho`! E dteagb li xbcw jcotexcla jly`h altxb eah `wx& ocycao tcw` xlxb` Icaa*Fe}} glj}f`r eah efwl xb` @wkcjl*Ej`tcahcea gpfxpt`w! Ca eff xb`

et`ew bcgb xb`w` }`l}f`w xlpgb`h lt caifp`ag`h& xteg`w li jeocg ca

t`fexclawbc} xl eacjefw gea d` ilpah xl xbcw hes! Xb` t`cah``t*jeocg li xb`

Fe}}w& xb` w`ef*bpaxcao jswxcup` li xb` @wkcjlw eah xb` d`et eah dcwla

jeocg li xb` Ej`tcahceaw w}tcao xl jcah!

 Al xb` os}wc`w et` d`fc`y`h xl bey` ltcocaex`h ca Cahce! Cw cx }lwwcdf`

xbex la` ey` li xb` ltcocaef G`axtef Ewcea hcw}`twef gej` ca glaxegx

cxb xb` Cahcea eag`wxltw li xb` os}wc`w< ]`tbe}w xb` os}wc`w– eag`wxltw

`t` ds wlj` }wsgblflocgef eggch`ax aexpteffs exxpa`h xl kalf`ho` li xbcwkcah eah& beycao e }t`hcw}lwcxcla xl d` xtp` jcoteaxw texb`t xbea j`t`fs

aljehw jlycao ly`t la` glaxca`ax& xb`s xllk xb` ltcocaef kalf`ho` cxb

xb`j eah `t` ch`axcic`h cxb cx! Cx w``jw upcx` g`txeca xbex xb`s }t`w`ty` e

jeocgef eacjef kalf`ho` xl xbcw hes& xblpob efjlwx g`txecafs cx cw al

jpgb h`o`a`tex`h!

Xb` os}wc`w d`fc`y` xbex cx cw }lwwcdf` xl caifp`ag` e hlo eoecawx cxw

la`t ds e jeocgef w}`ff! Xb`s d`fc`y` ‗ glaxtets xl o`a`xcg xb`lts ‗ xbex cx

cw }lwwcdf` xl dt``h wk`defh bltw`w ‒xtp`–! Xbcw cw egbc`y`h ds e jeocgef

l}`texcla bcgb cw y`ts gflw` xl xb` }tlg`hpt` ocy`a ca F`ycxcgpw ca

glaa`gxcla cxb xb` wxtek`h gexxf` li Negld eah Fedea! Xb`s d`fc`y` xbex cx

cw }lwwcdf` xl icr e hlo }`tjea`axfs xl la` jewx`t! Xb` }tlg`hpt` caylfy`w

cttehcexcao e }c`g` li dt`eh ca e g`txeca es cxb dlhs ye}lptw eah

i``hcao xbcw wl} xl xb` eacjef! Xb`s d`fc`y` xbex wlj`xbcao caxeaocdf` cw

xb`t`ds xteawjcxx`h xl xb` hlo eah xbex xbcw iltjw e fcak bcgb glaa`gxw xb`

jea eah xb` eacjef ilt eff xcj`! Xb` gltt`w}lah`ag` b`t` cxb ealxb`t 

jeocgef l}`texcla bcgb cw la` li xb` dew`w li xb` Gbtcwxcea t`fcocla& cw

cah``h t`jetkedf`!

Page 8: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 8/15

  2

Ca xb` Kfphwkc iejcfs li j`aeo`tcwxw ca xb` Epwxtl*Bpaoetcea et`e& al

slpao j`jd`t li xb` gfea cw effl`h xl d`oca xtecacao e cfh eacjef paxcf cx

bew d``a ‒b`r`h– eah t`ah`t`h wei`! Xbcw l}`texcla ‗ e kcah li d`acoa

cxgbgteix ‗ bew xl d` }`tiltj`h ds ea lfh`t& kalf`ho`edf` eah i`jef`

j`jd`t li xb` iejcfs! Wlj` wes xb` Kfphwkcw jes d` li os}ws ltcoca!C lag` we e W}eacwb fcla xej`t "e os}ws# jek` e y`ts h`icacx` beah

jly`j`ax ex xb` jlj`ax b`a b` beh xl gbeao` xb` hct`gxcla li e fcla eah

w``} cx la xl e }`h`wxef! S`etw fex`t& C y`tcic`h ‗ }etxceffs ex f`ewx ‗ xbex xbcw

jly`j`ax w``jw xl bey` e }t`hcgxedf` eah t`}`exedf` `ii`gx& wcjpfxea`lpwfs

etlpwcao eah wpdnpoexcao& p}la e fcla!

Ex ealxb`t xcj` bcf` exgbcao xb` G~`gb xteca`t& Nea Hlkweawkc&

ltkcao cxb fclaw& C alxcg`h xbex b` jeh` pw` li xbcw beah ‒}eww– ex `regxfs

xb` wej` jlj`ax eah cxb npwx xb` wej` `ii`gx! C efesw j`eax xl ewk bcj ci 

b` t`oeth`h xbcw ew npwx e o`wxpt` li wbljeawbc} lt b`xb`t cx beh eh`icacx` }pt}lw`! Xb` lggewcla a`y`t gej` p} eah Hlkweawkc cw al h`eh!

_b`xb`t Hlkweawkc t`g`cy`h xbcw xtcgk itlj bl`y`t xepobx bcj lt 

b`xb`t b` pagly`t`h cx bcjw`fi itlj wlj` wpdglawgclpw wlptg`& xb`

o`wxpt` w``jw xl wpoo`wx xb` xteawjcwwcla li ‒wlj`xbcao–! G`txeca beah

jly`j`axw ds ea eh`}x et` ejlao xb` xtehcxclaef w`gt`xw li B`tj`xcg

 }tegxcg`! Jeas o`wxpt`w& itlj t`fcoclpw d`a`hcgxcla xl xb` Bcxf`t wefpx`& et`

  }tldedfs ‒t`jecah`t`h– jex`tcef itlj ea ltcocaef glt}pw li t`fcoclpw eah

jeocgef kalf`ho`!

Xbcw wej` xteca`t pw`h xl jek` e g`txeca wlpah bcf` }`tiltjcao cxbcfh eacjefw! Xteca`tw& fck` C wp}}lw` dpfficobx`tw& h`y`fl} ea cawxcagx ilt 

wei` hcwxeag`w! Xbcw cw alx npwx ea `wxcjex`h fcjcx li }e*wc}` dpx cw e kcah

li cawxcagxcy`fs gefgpfex`h `upcfcdteax li jeas iegxltw> xb` `jlxclaef wxex` li 

xb` eacjef& cxw }e teao`& xb` defeag` li cxw dlhs ex eas cawxeax& eah wl la!

Ci Hlkweawkc beh xl }eww d`x``a xl eacjefw eah xb` w}eg` eyecfedf` ew

cawch` xb` wei` hcwxeag` b` lpfh jek` e g`txeca wlpah ew b` `ax xbtlpob!

Xb`t` ew al }bswcgef t`wpfx& dpx cx w``j`h ew xblpob xb` jea beh ca wlj`

es jlj`axetcfs `afeto`h xb` `rx`ax li bcw la ic`fh eah glj}t`ww`h xb`

ic`fhw wpttlpahcao xb` dlhc`w li xb` eacjefw! E ieagcipf wpoo`wxcla al hlpdx!

S`x wlj`xbcao be}}`a`h b`a Hlkweawkc `j}fls`h xbcw fcxxf` xtcgk! Ca Wpicg

fcx`texpt` xb`t` et` t`i`t`ag`w xl e gfecj xbex g`txeca wlpahw jes }tlhpg`

 }t`gcw` `ii`gxw ‗ alx }`tbe}w }bswcgeffs ldw`tyedf`!

Xb`w` `rej}f`w lpfh w``j xl wpoo`wx xbex g`txeca w`gt`xw li h`efcao

cxb eacjefw hl cah``h wptycy` eah xbex xb`s et` xteawjcxx`h! C xbcak xb`s

et` h`o`a`tex`h iteoj`axw li wlj` jeocgl*t`fcoclpw glt}pw hexcao degk e

y`ts flao es! C hl alx xbcak xbex xbcw xtehcxcla cw `rgfpwcy` xl xb` os}wc`w&

xblpob xb`s g`txecafs bey` e wbet` li cx!

Page 9: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 9/15

  3

Ilt jeas s`etw C ew ca gflw` xlpgb cxb Beaw Dtcgk& eft`ehs

j`axcla`h& blw` iejcfs ew xtehcxclaeffs ewwlgcex`h cxb beahfcao eah

xtecacao cfh eacjefw! Dtcgk–w iexb`t ew kcff`h bcf` }`tiltjcao cxb xco`tw

ca xb` Alpje Beye j`aeo`tc` ca Cxefs ca 5223! Dtcgk–w jlxb`t oey` dctxb

 }t`jexpt`fs& hscao b`tw`fi ca gbcfhdctxb!Dtcgk& bl ew }etxfs O`tjea& }etxfs T`h Cahcea& w}`ax e fci`xcj`

ldw`tycao& xte}}cao eah xtecacao eacjefw! Ew ea lt}bea b` beh d``a dtlpobx

p} ds ealxb`t iejcfs li jlpax`deakw eah b`a b` ew wcr bcw ilwx`t iexb`t 

xllk bcj ewch` eah xlfh bcj> ‖Ci slpt iexb`t beh fcy`h& b` lpfh bey` xlfh

slp xbcw b`a slp `t` li ea eo` xl pah`twxeah! Slp d`flao xl }`l}f` bl

pah`twxeah edlpx eacjefw! Xbcw ol`w degk& wla xl iexb`t& degk eah degk!

Xb`t` cw ealxb`t xbcao slp lpfh bey` d``a xlfh! Xb` xtecacao li cfh

eacjefw ol`w degk d`ilt` bcwxlts! Ltcocaeffs cx beh xl hl cxb t`fcocla!‚

Ci xbcw cagch`ax cw xtp` eah C bey` al t`ewla xl hlpdx cx& xb`t` cw g`txecafs`ych`ag` b`t` ilt xb` b`t`hcxets xteawjcwwcla li w}`gcefcw`h kalf`ho`!

Xb`t` cw efwl `ych`ag` xbex xb` xtehcxcla cw alx }`gpfcetfs os}ws!

Eff xbex bew d``a j`axcla`h wl iet caylfy`w e y`ts fcjcx`h eah }`tbe}w

  }tcjcxcy` iltj li gljjpacgexcla cxb eacjefw! _bex C wblpfh fck` xl

wpoo`wx cw e teao` li egxcycxs bcgb caylfy`w wlj`xbcao d`slah xb` }pt`fs

t`egxcy`& d`slah xb` jlxlt*cawxcagxcy` f`y`f! Dpx C wblpfh wes ca ehyeag`

xbex xb`t` jes d` lxb`t `r}feaexclaw li eas wpgb e}}et`ax cawxeag`w!

@etfs xbcw g`axpts e wbljea ca O`tjeas }tlhpg`h e glpaxcao bltw`!

_b`a cxw la`t ewk`h cx xl ehh xbt`` eah xbt``& cx }e`h xb` otlpah wcrxcj`w! Ewk`h xl xek` icy` ees itlj aca`& cx }e`h xb` otlpah ilpt xcj`w!

Xbcw wpt}tcwcao o`acpw ilt jexb`jexcgw gt`ex`h upcx` e wxct eah e gljjcxx``&

bcgb cagfph`h e nlptaefcwx& e y`x`tcaets wpto`la eah xb` gptt`ax }tli`wwlt 

li }bswclflos ex D`tfca& `ax eflao xl cay`wxcoex`! Wgc`axcicg gt`hpfcxs jpwx

bey` d``a }t`xxs bcob ca xblw` hesw d`gepw` xbcw gljjcxx`` gej` lpx cxb

ea `axct`fs ieylptedf` t`}ltx! Xb`s w`tclpwfs glagfph`h xbex xbcw bltw` glpfh

glpax ‗ ehjcxx`hfs xl e fcjcx`h `rx`ax!

Xbcw w``jw xl bey` d``a xll jpgb ilt lxb`t `eta`wx cay`wxcoexltw

 d`gepw` e w`glah gljjcxx`` ew }tlj}x`h xl bey` ealxb`t fllk eah xb`s

we upcx` upcgkfs xbex xb` bltw` ew j`t`fs xteca`h xl wxetx }ecao xb`

otlpah b`a cx t`g`cy`h e wcoaef itlj xb` wbljea eah xl wxl} }ecao

b`a cx olx ealxb`t wcoaef! Ca lxb`t lthw& wcj}fs xb` lfh Nl`s }las tlpxca`

bcgb bew d``a e gctgpw wxeah*ds ilt paxlfh s`etw!

Glpaxcao bltw`w `t` bl`y`t ca xb` ect& wl xl w}`ek! Jlwx tcgb j`a li 

xb` xcj` beh wxedf`w eah yetclpw }`l}f` cxb xcj` la xb`ct beahw d`oea

xtecacao xb`ct ieylptcx` bltw`w xl f`eta wcj}f` etcxbj`xcg! Wlj` t`jetkedf`

hcwgly`tc`w `t` jeh`! Ca la` gew` xb` xteca`t `r}`tcj`ax`h cxb t`hpgcao

xb` wxl} wcoaef efjlwx xl yeacwbcao }lcax! Xb` bltw` wxcff ld`s`h! B` xb`a

Page 10: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 10/15

  5=

xllk e t`ef b`eh`t caxl pagbetx`h glpaxts! B` hch alx ocy` xb` wcoaef ex eff!

B` j`t`fs xblpobx edlpx ocycao cx ! Xb` bltw` t`w}lah`h ew d`ilt`!

Xbcw bltw` `y`a xteawi`tt`h cxw glahcxclacao itlj xb` xteca`t xl ycwcxltw! Cx

ew hcwgly`t`h xbex xb` xteca`t glpfh f`ey` xb` tllj! E gljjcxx`` li 

ycwcxltw lpfh eot`` la e wjeff etcxbj`xcgef }tldf`j& ewk xb` bltw` ilt xb`eaw`t eah b`a xb` gltt`gx apjd`t li wgte}`w cxb xb` blli beh d``a

t`egb`h xb` bltw` hpfs wxl}}`h! _ew xb` bltw` t`g`cycao& ds wlj` wltx li 

x`f`}exbs itlj xb` }`l}f` exgbcao cx& xb` gltt`gx eaw`t< Ci wl& cx lpfh

e}}`et xbex ds ewwlgcexcla cxb bpjeaw& e glahcxcla`h t`if`r beh f`h xl wpgb

e t`ica`j`ax li lthcaets }`tg`}xcla xbex e a`& blffs pawpw}`gx`h

jlhefcxs d`oea xl l}`tex`!

Ci xbcw ew t`effs xb` `r}feaexcla& xb` glpaxcao bltw` ylop` jes bey`

pagly`t`h e }tcagc}f` bcgb cw alx altjeffs wpw}`gx`h> xbex ci ea lthcaets

w`aw` cw t`ica`h xl cxw pfxcjex`& wlj`xbcao d`ocaw xl be}}`a ca e bcob`t teao`!Xbcw jes bl`y`t alx d` xb` `r}feaexcla li xb` x`f`}exbcg bltw`! Xb`t`

et` lxb`t }lwwcdcfcxc`w! Ca xb` `etfs 537=w Beapw`a& e }tli`wwclaef gedet`x

gfectylseax bl d`gej` xb` ltegf` li xb` `etfs Ae~c ]etxs& pw`h xl }`tiltj

e ‒xblpobx t`ehcao– `r}`tcj`ax ex Wlgc`xs }etxc`w! _bcf` b` ew lpx li xb`

tllj xb` glj}eas lpfh gbllw` ea ldn`gx ca xb` tllj& ea ltaej`ax lt e

 dllk& lt `y`a e lth la e }etxcgpfet }eo` ca e dllk! La bcw t`xpta& Beapw`a

lpfh gbllw` wlj`la` ca xb` glj}eas& o`a`teffs e slpao ljea& eah

xekcao b`t beah lpfh d`oca xl efk wflfs tlpah xb` tllj! ]t`w`axfs b`

lpfh wxl} ex la` o`a`tef et`e& xb`a w``jcaofs `fcjcaex` cagb ds cagb paxcfb` icaeffs h`gch`h la xb` ldn`gx gblw`a! Xb` texclaef` li xbcw ew xbex b`

beh xteca`h bcjw`fi xl wpgb e h`ot`` li w`awcxcycxs xbex paglawgclpw

ocy`ees glaxtegxclaw li jpwgf`w ca xb` octf–w beah egx`h ew ea caieffcdf`

cahcgexcla eah `aedf`h bcj xl ettcy` ex wlj`xbcao bcgb beh eff xb`

e}}`eteag` li x`f`}exbs!

Dpx ci b` glpfh cax`t}t`x jcapx` paglawgclpw jpwgpfet glaxtegxclaw ca

ealxb`t }`twla eah ocy` xb` cffpwcla li x`f`}exbs xb`t`ds& }`tbe}w e bltw`

glpfh hl xb` wej`! Xb` x`f`}exbcg bltw` ‗ lt bltw`w> xb`t` `t` w`y`tef li 

xb`j ‗ jes bey` h`y`fl}`h j`t`fs ea edcfcxs xl t`egx xl caylfpaxets

gbeao`w ca ephc`ag` x`awcla ew xb` gltt`gx xlxef ew htecao gflw`! La xb`

lxb`t beah eacjefw jes bey` fex`ax ge}egcxc`w ilt gloacxcla ca et`ew bcgb

wl iet ` bey` lafs npwx d`opa xl wpw}`gx!

C bey` la` }`twlaef `rej}f` li xbcw eah C bey` alx d``a edf` xl icah e

‒texclaef– `r}feaexcla ilt cx! Wbltxfs d`ilt` xb` et C xteca`h e fcla& xl

fcla`ww`w eah e dtla d`et xl }`tiltj ca ea cahllt j`aeo`tc`! C ew e

slpao a`w}e}`t t`}ltx`t xb`a eah C hch xbcw d`gepw` C ew cax`t`wx`h ca xb`

wpdn`gx eah efwl d`gepw` C eax`h xl w`` ci xb` eff`oexclaw li xb` eaxc*gctgpw

Page 11: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 11/15

  55

wlgc`xc`w ‗ xbex al cfh eacjef egx glpfh d` xteca`h xl }tli`wwclaef wxeaheth

cxblpx gtp`fxs ‗ beh eas dewcw ca iegx!

C ew la y`ts ollh x`tjw cah``h cxb xb` xl fcla`ww`w eah lpfh lix`a

ol caxl xb` geo` eah wcj}fs }fes cxb xb`j! Xb`t` ew e ot`ex h`ef li gtph`

bltw`}fes ‗ lt fcla}fes ‗ dpx C ew a`y`t canpt`h ca xb`w` tlj}w eah ` behot`ex ipa! @etfs ca 538= C `ax ees la jcfcxets w`tycg` eah cx ew edlpx wcr

jlaxbw& ci C t`geff gltt`gxfs& d`ilt` C olx js ictwx f`ey`! @y`a d`ilt` C `ax

blj`& C beh xl }es e ycwcx xl xb` ~ll xl w`` xb` fclaw! Xb` ~ll ew la xb`

ictwx ifllt li e feto` dpcfhcao eah xb` e}}tlegb ew xbtlpob e xptawxcf` w`x ca

e eff egtlww xb` `axteag`! Cx ew cj}lwwcdf` xl w`` caxl xb` }t`jcw`w paxcf

la` beh }ech ehjcwwcla eah ola` xbtlpob xb` xptawxcf`! Xb`t` ew bl`y`t 

e wjeff w}s*blf` ilt xb` pw` li xb` wxeii wl xbex cx ew }lwwcdf` xl w`` ca eah

o`x e tlpob cj}t`wwcla li bl jeas ycwcxltw `t` }t`w`ax!

C beh e fllk eah glpfh w`` xbex la xbcw Wexpthes eix`talla xb` }feg` ew }egk`h! Ex xb` iet `ah C glpfh w`` xb` cfh eacjef geo`w eah glpfh gexgb e

ofcj}w` li xb` fclaw cax`tjcxx`axfs d`x``a xb` b`ehw eah wblpfh`tw li xb`

 }`l}f` bl `t` wxeahcao lt wxtlffcao edlpx! Eix`t e i` jlj`axw C we

xbex xb` fclaw beh wxl}}`h }egcao eah `t` iegcao ca js o`a`tef hct`gxcla ca

ea exxcxph` li `rxt`j` ef`txa`ww! C t`jeca`h b`t` C ew eah eix`t e i`

jcapx`w jlt` xb` xl fcla`ww`w wphh`afs `ax caxl it`a~s! Xb`s tea itlj

`ah xl `ah li xb` geo`& f`e}cao ly`t `egb lxb`t la xb` es! Xbcw

  }`tiltjeag` ew wl efetjcao xbex C glpfh w`` xbex xb` w}`gxexltw bl

be}}`a`h xl d` ex xb` iet `ah& a`et`wx xb` fcla geo`w& `t` jlycao ees eahjekcao xtegkw ilt xb` `rcx!

C `ax xbtlpob e wxeii }eww*hllt eah jcaof`h cxb xb` ycwcxltw ‗ }`tbe}w

5== xl 50= }`l}f`! Ex xb` jlj`ax C hch xbcw& xb` fclaw wxl}}`h xb`ct f`e}cao

eah dlpahcao eah gej` caxl xb` gepxcla }lwcxcla cxb b`ehw lpxwxt`xgb`h&

  degkw h``}fs etgb`h hla& dpx cxb xecfw jldcf`! Xb`s w``j`h xl d`

wgeaacao xb` blf` w}eg` d`x``a xb` detw li xb`ct geo` eah xb` iet `ah li 

xb` dpcfhcao b`t` C beh npwx `ax`t`h! Icaef t`gloacxcla ew& C ej wpt`& ds

wcobx! Ew C efk`h xlethw xb` fcla geo`& `fdlcao js es xbtlpob xb`

gtlh& xb`s icaeffs ch`axcic`h j` xl xb`ct wexcwiegxcla eah cxb la` egglth

`ax caxl xb` f`e}cao eah dlpahcao }`tiltjeag` li e i` jcapx`w eol! C

`ax p} xb` xl wx`}w xl xb` geo` hllt& `ax xbtlpob xb` wei`xs geo` eah ca

  d`wch` xb`j! Ci slp gea cjeoca` xb` wltx li `fglj` slp o`x itlj e

ieylptcx` Fedtehlt bl bewa–x w``a slp ilt wcr jlaxbw eah }pffw lpx eff xb`

wxl}w xl ewwpt` slp b` t`j`jd`tw ‗ eah xb`a jpfxc}fs xbex ds w`y`tef

bpaht`h`cobx slp cff bey` wlj` ch`e li bex C ew xt`ex`h xl! Icaeffs

xb`s fes hla }eaxcao& tlff`h ly`t la xb`ct xpjjc`w eah cawcwx`h la d`cao

wfe}}`h eah }`xx`h!

Page 12: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 12/15

  54

Wlj` iegxw wblpfh d` alx`h! _b`a C ictwx }``t`h xbtlpob xb` w}s*blf`

wlj`xbcao gljjpacgex`h cxw`fi xl xl fcla`ww`w! Xb`s glpfh alx w`` j` lt 

b`et j` eah C hcwglpax xb` }lwwcdf` pw` li xb` w`aw` li wj`ff d`gepw` xb`t`

`t` ex f`ewx e bpaht`h }`l}f` ca e xcobx jeww d`x``a xb` geo`w eah b`t`

C wxllh! S`x xb`t` w``jw fcxxf` hlpdx xbex xb`s ka`! _b`a C icaeffs gej`caxl xb` dpcfhcao eah jcaof`h cxb xb` w}`gxexltw xb`s `ax upcx` gf`etfs

xbtlpob e }`tclh li `fcjcaexcla eah pag`txecaxs d`ilt` xb`s icaeffs h`gch`h

xbex ch`axcicgexcla beh d``a jeh`! S`x C ew la` li 5== }`l}f` eah C ew

ht`ww`h ca TEI paciltj bcgb xb`s beh a`y`t w``a d`ilt`!

C ej glaycag`h xbex xb`w` xl eacjefw ka` C ew xb`t`& dpx xbex a`cxb`t 

wcobx wlpah lt wj`ff ew t`w}lawcdf` ilt bex`y`t gljjpacgexcla ew ca

l}`texcla! _bex xb`a< C hl alx kal!

La` li xb`w` fcla`ww`w ew `rxt`j`fs cax`ffco`ax eah f`eta`h e apjd`t 

li ‒i`expt`– xtcgkw upcx` `iiltxf`wwfs& xtcgkw bcgb et` lix`a gcx`h ds eaxc*  }`tiltjcao eacjef wlgc`xc`w ew d`cao ldxecaedf` lafs ds gtp`fxs! Wb`

f`eta`h ilt `rej}f` xl efk xca }eteff`f xcobxtl}`w fck` e f`laca`  icf*h`

 i`tcwx`! Ci C hch e }`tiltjeag` ca xb` jltacao& feto`fs ilt xb` ipa li cx eah

xb`t` `t` lafs e i` }`l}f` ca xb` ~ll xl exgb& wb` lpfh hl b`t 59 illx

efk eflao xb` tl}`w& t`egb xb` iet `ah eah cxblpx b`wcxexcla& npj} hla>

xtcgk ly`t! Ci bl`y`t cx ew e Wexpthes `y`acao wbl eah xb`t` `t` jeas

w}`gxexltw eah wb` olx e ‒ollh beah–& wb` lpfh xpta tlpah ex xb` iet `ah

eah efk degk eoeca% C ej alx wpoo`wxcao xbex `olcwj eah yeacxs et` eacjef

fex`agc`w bcgb wblpfh d` h`y`fl}`h dpx C ej upcx` wpt` xb`s hl h`y`fl}`y`a ca cfh eacjefw ew e glaw`up`ag` li xb`ct t`fexclawbc} cxb bpjeaw!

Beaw Dtcgk beh e upcx` `rxtelthcaets t`fexclawbc} cxb bcw la fcla

Bedcdc! Xb`s dpwk`h xlo`xb`t egtlww @ptl}` eah la la` lggewcla b`a

xcj`w `t` y`ts deh& Dtcgk }tcw`h lpx xb` olfh gtlaw itlj bcw la x``xb xl

 dps j`ex ilt xb` fcla!

Xb`ct t`fexclawbc} ew upcx` `rxtelthcaets! G`txeca dlpahetc`w `t` fech

hla ds xegcx eot``j`ax! La` li xb`j ew xbex Bedcdc ew `axcxf`h xl kcff

Dtcgk ci b` glpfh icah e jlj`ax b`a bcw xteca`t–w exx`axcla ew f`ww xbea

glaxcaplpw! ]tlych`h b` glpfh jecaxeca xbcw& xb` fcla a`y`t jeh` xb`

exx`j}x ! La w`y`tef lggewclaw ly`t jeas s`etw Dtcgk jlj`axetcfs fe}w`h

eah exxegk gej` cawxeaxfs! Dtcgk ew w`tclpwfs canpt`h w`y`tef xcj`w!

Efesw Dtcgk cawcwx`h xbex xb` iepfx ew bcw! ‖C kal xb` tpf`w‚ b` lpfh

wes& ‖wl hl`w b`‚!

S`x ex g`txeca xcj`w eah ca g`txeca glahcxclaw Dtcgk glpfh t`upct` itlj

xbcw fcla g`txeca glag`wwclaw! B` glpfh& ew cx `t`& ewk ilt ea `r*otexcewpw}`awcla li xt`exs& eah glpfh geff p}la wlj`xbcao y`ts jpgb fck`

pah`twxeahcao! Dtcgk ew cax`ta`h ca xb` Cwf` li Jea hptcao xb` et ew ea

efc`a eah bcw fcla a`y`t we bcj ilt w`y`tef s`etw! _b`a b` ew t`f`ew`h&

Page 13: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 13/15

  57

Dtcgk ew ewk`h xl hl cfh eacjef w`up`ag`w ilt xb` icfj Xb` Hetk Xl`t  ex ]ca`llh wxphclw! Xb` la`t li xb` ~ll b`t` Bedcdc beh d``a k`}x eff

xbtlpob Dtcgk–w cax`taj`ax i`fx xbex b` ew `axcxf`h xl wlj` t`glj}`aw` ilt 

  }tlychcao xb` fcla cxb d`h eah dleth eah ifexfs t`ipw`h xl t`f`ew` `cxb`t 

Dtcgk lt fcla!Bedcdc beh d``a blpw`h la xb` ictwx ifllt li xb` wej` dpcfhcao eft`ehs

j`axcla`h ca glaa`gxcla cxb js fclaw! Dtcgk beh al xpaa`ffcao xl xek` bcw

fcla itlj cxw geo` la xb` ictwx ifllt xl e xtey`ffcao geo` ex wxt``x f`y`f! B`

beh al ‒wbcixcao h`a– "e y`ts feto` dett`h }egkcao gew`# bcgb jcobx bey`

wpiicg`h xl o`x xb` fcla lpx eah ees! S`x b`a xb` ~ll ew l}`a`h la`

Jlahes jltacao& Dtcgk eah bcw fcla beh ifla! C ew wpt` C ka` bl xb`

xtcgk beh d``a hla` eah wlj` s`etw fex`t C glaictj`h cx `regxfs! Ex wcr

l–gflgk la e Wpahes jltacao& Dtcgk l}`a`h xb` geo` ca bcgb Bedcdc beh

w}`ax xb` et& geff`h bcj lpx eah ‒jeh` bcw }egx–! B` fll}`h bcw bc}fewbfllw`fs tlpah xb` fcla–w a`gk fck` e hlo f`eh eah f`h bcj xbtlpob xb` ~ll&

hla e ifcobx li wxectw caxl xb` jeca wxt``x li e feto` gcxs! B` efk`h bcj ‗ e

54*s`et*lfh jef` fcla xbex beh lag` kcff`h eah xlxeffs `ex`a e jea ‗ eflao e

gcxs wxt``x& tlpah e glta`t eah p} e fea` b`t` Dtcgk–w eola*geo` ew

wxlt`h! B` l}`a`h xbcw eah xb` fcla npj}`h ca! E i` jcapx`w fex`t xb`s

`t` lii xl ]ca`llh wxphclw!

La` bew xl fllk y`ts get`ipffs ex xbcw cagch`ax xl w`` npwx bex ew

caylfy`h! _b`a Dtcgk l}`a`h xb` fcla–w geo` ca xb` ~ll eah geff`h bcj lpx&

`y`ts lxb`t eacjef jpwx bey` ola` d`tw`tk! Xb`t` `t` fcla geo`w eah egeo` glaxecacao e f`l}eth gflw` ds! Ehnlcacao xb`t` ew e wxeff cxb

wb`xfeah }lac`w! Jlak`sw& ca a`xx`h `agflwpt`w& jpwx bey` d``a wgt`ejcao!

Egtlww xb` ifllt li xb` dpcfhcao teddcxw `t` effl`h it`` teao` ex xb`

``k`ah eah wl ew e }`eglgk! Xbtlpob xbcw d`hfej Dtcgk efk`h e jea*

`excao fcla! Ca wlj` es Dtcgk glpfh jek` e gfecj p}la xbcw d`ewx&

caylfycao xb` `r`tgcw` li wlj` ge}egcxs a`y`t altjeffs ewwlgcex`h cxb e

cfh eacjef eah glpfh glpax p}la xb` fcla–w xlf`teag` ilt e g`txeca }`tclh! C

wblpfh d` beth }px xl cx xl aej` bex cx ew xbex Dtcgk glpfh caylk` ca xbcw

eacjef lt xb` j`eaw li gljjpacgexcla b` pw`h! Dpx wlj`xbcao upcx`

`rxtelthcaets beh d``a h`y`fl}`h ca e cfh d`ewx ds ewwlgcexcla cxb e y`ts

t`jetkedf` jea!

Ex xb` jlj`ax ` et` xtscao xl icah `rej}f`w li papwpef

gljjpacgexcla d`x``a jea eah d`ewx xbex ol d`slah xb` jlxlt*cawxcagxcy`&

lt glahcxcla`h f`y`f! Xb` a`rx `rej}f` jes e}}`et xl d` ex dlxxlj wxlt`s

f`y`f dpx cx lpfh w``j xl cagfph` efwl e ‒g`txeca wlj`xbcao– ex e d`xx`t f`y`f!

Kacobxw ca xb` Jchhf` Eo`w& `aoeo`h ca gljdexw li gbcyefts& h`y`fl}`h

g`txeca xtcgkw ca xb`ct gbeto`tw! E bltw` lpfh d` xteca`h xl fewb lpx cxb

bcah blly`w ex e g`txeca jlj`ax eah wl w`gpt` xb` kacobx–w t`et! Lt cx lpfh

Page 14: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 14/15

  58

t`et p}& wcao tlpah eah }e xb` ect& wl ew xl hcwglpteo` ea l}}la`ax

`aoeocao itlj xb` itlax! _cxb xb` `ah li kacobxfs gljdex xb` ipagxclaef

ew}`gx li xbcw yeacwb`h& dpx xb` bltw` jly`j`axw w``j xl bey` d`glj`

wxsfcw`h eah `fedltex`h ew ‒Bepx` @glf`– tchcao! Ca xb` fewx g`axpts xb` g`axt`

li xbcw ica`*etx bltw`*xtecacao ew xb` W}eacwgb` T`cxwgbpf` ex Yc`aae&ewwlgcex`h cxb xb` bcob eah }efjs hesw li xb` Epwxtl*Bpaoetcea @j}ct`!

Xb`t`& bcob wgbllf tchcao t`egb`h y`ts ot`ex wxeahethw li t`ica`j`ax& dpx

xb`t` `t` lxb`t }feg`w b`t` xb` wej` ‗ lt }`tbe}w `y`a e wp}`tclt ‗ 

wxeaheth ew egbc`y`h!

Xb`t`w` T`a~& e j`jd`t li e iejlpw @ptl}`ea gctgpw hsaewxs& w``jw xl

bey` xek`a wgbllf*tchcao xl ea `rg`}xclaef }cxgb! Wb` ew wxcff tchcao b`a

wb` ew ly`t 2= eah glpfh }tlhpg` `y`a xb`a e t`jetkedf` `ii`gx la

ephc`ag`w! E O`tjea }pdfcgcwx& Ht Kld`t jeh` wlj` cax`t`wxcao

ldw`tyexclaw li Xb`t`w` T`a~–w `ii`gx! Ca dtc`i xb` xb`lts cw xbex ex e g`txeca }cxgb li bcob wgbllf xtecacao eah e g`txeca h`ot`` li te}}ltx d`x``a bltw`

eah tch`t& ‒wlj`xbcao `fw`– wcxgb`w ca! Xb` dteca li xb` bltw` ol`w caxl

ed`seag` eah xb` tch`t–w dteca xek`w gbeto` li xl jlxlt*cawxcagxcy` gctgpcxw

  ‗ xb` bltw`–w eah xb` tch`t–w la! Ht Kld`t alxcg`h xbex b`a xbcw

‒wlj`xbcao– be}}`a`h cx ew gljjpacgex`h cawxeaxfs xl ea ephc`ag`&

b`xb`t cx ew ea ephc`ag` li ietj`tw ca Deyetce lt e wl}bcwxcgex`h Wlgc`xs

ephc`ag` ca D`tfca! Xb` }b`alj`ala gljjpacgex`h cxw`fi! ]`l}f` i`fx xb`s

`t` ca xb` }t`w`ag` li wlj`xbcao ca ea paiejcfcet et`e eah& xblpob xb`s

glpfh alx texclaefcw` cx& xb`s glpfh alx iecf xl alxcg` cx!Eoeca xb` `r}feaexcla lii`t`h jes d` ieagcipf! Cx jes j`t`fs d`

 }lwwcdf` xl t`hpg` xb` ‒echw– "jpwgpfet glaxtegxclaw# itlj xb` tch`t–w beahw

eah xbcobw xl yeacwbcao }lcax s`x f`ey` ea paglawgclpw jcacjpj& eh`upex`

xl glay`s cawxtpgxcla xl e bltw` blw` w`awcxcycxs bew d``a y`ts bcobfs

h`y`fl}`h! Lt cx jes d` xbex b`a lthcaets w`awlts gljjpacgexcla cw

`abeag`h xl xb` pfxcjex`& lxb`t jlhefcxc`w li gloacxcla hl jly` itlj xb`

 }lx`axcef caxl xb` egxpef!

Xb` hlo lpfh w``j xl }tlych` jeas `rej}f`w li e ‒bcob`t et`e– d`cao

wcxgb`h ca ew xb` t`wpfx li flao ewwlgcexcla cxb e bcob`t cax`ffco`ag`!

Xb`t` et` jeas `rej}f`w li e hlo tpaacao degk ilt b`f} b`a cxw jewx`t 

bew d``a canpt`h! C xbcak xb` wcoacicgeag` li xbcw cw lix`a flwx ca xb` pwpef

‒wblw bl cax`ffco`ax e hlo gea d`–! Xb` ge}egcxs ilt t`ewla`h cacxcexcy` ca

e hlo jpwx d` jcapx`& ex d`wx! Xb` d`beyclptcwxw lpfh wes xbex cx cw ala*

`rcwx`ax! S`x b`t` cw e wcxpexcla ca bcgb al glahcxcla`h t`w}law` "tpaacao

ilt b`f}# bew d``a xteca`h ca ew xb` glaw`up`ag` li e wxcjpfpw "ea

paglawgclpw la`t#! S`x xb` hlo e}}`etw xl wbl e texclaef cacxcexcy`!

Eoeca& cw cx }lwwcdf` xbex wlj`xbcao li jea–w cax`ffco`ag` gea d` cj}etx`h

 ds wlj` wltx li `jeaexcla ew xb` t`wpfx li flao ewwlgcexcla<

Page 15: Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

8/3/2019 Campbell Some Unusual Aspects of Communication

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/campbell-some-unusual-aspects-of-communication 15/15

  50

Jea eah eacjef bey` d``a ewwlgcex`h efjlwx itlj xb` wxetx li bpjea

`ylfpxcla! Xb`t` e}}`etw xl bey` d``a e jeocg t`fexclawbc} eah e hlj`wxcg

t`fexclawbc}! Jesd` xb` xl fca`w wlj`xcj`w ly`tfe}! Glpfh cx d` xbex xb`

jea*eacjef t`fexclawbc} cw la` li t`gc}tlgef ehyeaxeo` ex wlj` f`y`f alx

`ewcfs w``a< Xbex jea ‗ xblpob paglawgclpwfs ‗ cw glaxtcdpxcao wlj`xbcaoxl ea eacjef `ylfpxcla< Wlj` li xb` wpoo`wxclaw C bey` jeh` et` al hlpdx

ieagcipf eah xb`s et` gf`etfs xl d` fed`ff`h cxb e y`ts dco up`wxcla jetk!

B`t`& xl glagfph` cw e icaef wpoo`wxcla& jlt` ieagcipf wxcff!

Wp}}lw` jea–w h`wxcas t`upct`w xbex ca ipxpt` xcj` b` wblpfh `aglpax`t 

lxb`t cax`ffco`ag`w ca xb` pacy`tw`! Cx w``jw pafck`fs xbex cxb xb` j`eaw ex

  }t`w`ax eyecfedf` xl bcj b` lpfh d` edf` xl gljjpacgex`! Wlj` a`

x`gbacup`& wlj` tehcgeffs hcii`t`ax otejjet li gljjpacgexcla lpfh d`

a`g`wwets! Xb` Wpic& Chtc`w Wbeb& bew wpoo`wx`h xbex xb` bpjea }l}pfexcla

li }fea`x @etxb cw al fcycao ca ‒xb` `cobxb hes li xb` ``k–! B` bew efwlbcax`h ex xb` hciicgpfxc`w "eah heao`tw# li e ictwx `aglpax`t cxb ealxb`t 

lth`t li D`cao! ]`tbe}w ` wblpfh d` e}}fscao lptw`fy`w w`tclpwfs xl xb`

ipahej`axefw li gljjpacgexcla eoecawx xb` xcj` b`a gljjpacgexcla

 d`glj`w e a`g`wwcxs texb`t xbea ea l}xcla! Xb` eacjef ltfh jes lii`t pw e

 }feg` ca ea cayefpedf` kcah`toetx`a!