Campaigns, Voting and Elections Chapter 14. The Campaign Process At the Starting Block u Personal...
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Transcript of Campaigns, Voting and Elections Chapter 14. The Campaign Process At the Starting Block u Personal...
Campaigns, Voting and Elections
Chapter 14
The Campaign Process At the Starting Block
Personal Ambition leads Candidates to Run for Office
Campaign Strategy aids them in Running
The Five Phases of a Political Campaign
Nomination CampaignNomination CampaignTo Win Party NominationTo Win Party Nomination
all in same partyall in same party
General Election CampaignGeneral Election CampaignBetween different political partiesBetween different political parties
The Five Phases of a Political Campaign
Personal Personal CampaignCampaign
give speechesgive speecheshold press conferenceshold press conferences
meet votersmeet voterswalk precinctswalk precincts
Organizational CampaignOrganizational Campaign
PollstersPollsters Campaign ManagersCampaign Managers
Fund-RaisersFund-Raisers High technologyHigh technology
OFTEN Behind the ScenesOFTEN Behind the Scenes
The MEDIA Campaign
PAID Media (TV/Radio)PAID Media (TV/Radio)
Free Media Free Media (Events that get media(Events that get media coverage as “news”)coverage as “news”)
Candidate DebatesCandidate Debates
Campaign Advertising
Positive AdsPositive Ads
Negative AdsNegative Ads
Contrast AdsContrast Ads
Spot AdsSpot Ads
Inoculation AdsInoculation Ads
Success of Candidates Based On:
Abilities Qualifications Likability - Warmth Communication
Skills Issues Weaknesses
SOURCES OF 1996 Senate Race CAMPAIGN Money ($2 million)
Individuals (60% 1.2 Million)
PACS ( 22% $400,000)
Parties (15% $300,000)
Candidate Money (3% $60,000)
PACS
Parties
Individuals
Candidate
CAMPAIGN EXPENSES -- Where Does All that Money GO????
TV/Radio Ads
Staff
Polling
Fund Raising
PrintBrochures
Get-Vote
Office/Etc
CALIFORNIA Senate Race 2000Diane Feinstein (D) v
Tom Campbell(R)
Candidate Received Spent Feinstein 7,933,612 5,095,082
Campbell 3,453,067 2,338,493 Horn 522,536 523,035 (primary)
New York Senate Race 2000H. Clinton (D) v Rick Lazio (R)
Candidate Recvd Spent $PACS Individuals H. Clinton 21,986,261 14,878,662 623,025 17,822,497
R. Lazio 17,881,835 9,499,049 1,533,015 6,031,764
U.S. Presidential Election 2000G.W. Bush (R), Al Gore (D)
Candidate Recvd Spent # PACS Individual
G. W. Bush 177,124,836 121,482,508 881 97,154,857 A. Gore 126,581,737 60,824,001 159 41,352,501 R. Nader 3,571,575 3,253,565 $390. 2,741,480 P. Buchanan 15,736,546 16,211,976 $2000. 7,114,905
The Purposes Served by Elections
Legitimacy Accountability Retrospective Judgment Prospective Judgment
Kinds of Primary Elections
Open Closed
Blanket Run-off
Kinds of Elections
General Elections
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Methods to Elect National Convention Delegates
Winner-Take-All Proportional
Representation Proportional
Representation with Bonus Delegates
Methods to Elect National Convention Delegates
Beauty Contest with Separate Delegate Selection
Delegate Selection with No Beauty Contest
The Caucus (Virginia uses)
Criticisms of Primaries
Lack of quality information Front-loading Not a good test of skills to
be president Very low voter turnout
The Party Conventions-Loss of Control by State/Local Leaders
Delegate Selection
National Candidatesand Issues
Media Coverage
The DelegatesDemocratic Republican
Younger More diversity single/unmarried labor union
Older White male Married Public service
Organizational CampaignOrganizational Campaign
PollstersPollsters Campaign ManagersCampaign Managers
Fund-RaisersFund-Raisers High technologyHigh technology
OFTEN Behind the ScenesOFTEN Behind the Scenes
The Electoral College
representatives (electors)from each state, equal innumber to the House andSenate members from the
state, who actually electthe President and
Vice-President
Electoral College-Framers’ Intent
Part of original US Constitution To protect “citizens” from too much direct
democracy Work without political parties Cover nominating and electing stages Produce a nonpartisan president Share the “election” process between
state and national levels of government
Who Chooses “Electors”
Political Parties nominate electors at their conventions, (538 total)
Include state elected officials, party loyalists, party leaders, friends of presidential candidate
Chosen by VOTERS (although the electors’ names not on ballots)
ELECTORAL College Process Designed by James Madison January 2005 Joint session U.S. Congress
counts Electoral Votes
ONLY Half of the states (and DC) require electors to vote according to the popular vote totals
Each states gets number of ELECTORS equal to their Congressional Representation
The ELECTORAL College2000 U.S. Presidential Race
(Oct 30, 2000 ABCNews.com)
How The popular vote “Loser” became U.S. President
President NOT elected by national popular vote
Elected by state-vote of electors
48 of 50 states (and DC) award electoral votes on winner-takes-all”
Has happened THREE TIMES (1876,1888, 2000)
What if Nobody gets 270 Electoral VOTES?
IF a tie at 269
GOES INTO THE U.S. House of Representatives
EACH state gets one vote
Congressional Elections
Incumbency Advantage 80-90 percent re-election
WHY? Name recognition easier fund-raising franking privilege
Importance of 2000 Congressional/State Legislature
elections REAPPORTIONMENT --– Redrawing legislative districts (by
state legislatures) for state and congressional races
based on population (from 2000 Census)
political advantage(s)racial? considerations
2004 Congressional Elections
1/3 of U.S. Senate
Entire US House
11 U.S. Governors
Variables that Impact Voter Turnout
Income Age
RaceInterest in
Politics
Difficult Registration
Hard AbsenteeVoting
Number ofElections
Poor voterattitudes
Weak politicalparties
Low voterturnout
Improving Voter Turnout Easier
Registration and Absentee Voting
Make Election Day a Holiday
Strengthen Parties Mail-In Ballots?
Changing the Electoral Process
Mandatory VotingEliminate Electoral CollegeRegional PrimariesCampaign Finance ReformRegulate “SOFT Money” and
PACS