Cambridge Maths 7 Prelim Pages

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 Additional resources online>>

STUART PALMER | DAVID GREENWOOD

BRYN HUMBERSTONE | JUSTIN ROBINSONJENNY GOODMAN | JENNIFER VAUGHAN

NSW SYLLABUS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM

CambridgeMATHS

 YEAR

77

ISBN: 9781107626973

Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party

© David Greenwood et al. 2013 Cambridge University Press

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477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.edu.auInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107626973

© Stuart Palmer, David Greenwood, Bryn Humberstone,Justin Robinson, Jenny Goodman, Jennifer Vaughan 2013

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2013

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 A Cataloguing-in-Publication entry is available from the catalogue

of the National Library of Australia at  www.nla.gov.au

ISBN 978-1-107-62697-3 Paperback 

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Table of ContentsTable of Contents

iii

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

iii

1 Number and Algebra

Computation with Integers

MA4–4NA 

Strand and substrand

2 Measurement and Geometry

 Angle Relationships

MA4–18MG

 About the authors viii 

Introduction and guide to this book ix 

 Acknowledgements xii 

Computation with positive integers 2

  Pre-test 4

 1A Place value in ancient number systems FRINGE  51B  Place value in Hindu-Arabic numbers REVISION  10

1C  Adding and subtracting positive integers 14

1D  Algorithms for adding and subtracting 19

1E  Multiplying small positive integers 23

1F  Multiplying large positive integers 27

1G  Dividing positive integers and dealing with remainders 31

1H  Estimating and rounding positive integers 36

1I  Order of operations with positive integers 40

  Investigation 44

Puzzles and challenges 46

Review: Chapter summary 47

  Multiple-choice questions 48

  Short-answer questions 49

  Extended-response questions 50

Angle relationships  52

  Pre-test 54

2A  Points, lines, intervals and angles 55

2B  Measuring and classifying angles REVISION  60

2C  Adjacent angles and vertically opposite angles 66

2D  Transversal lines and parallel lines 71

2E  Solving geometry problems 78

2F  Circles and constructions with ruler and compasses FRINGE  83

2G  Constructions with dynamic geometry software EXTENSION  87

  Investigation 90

Puzzles and challenges 91

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3 Number and Algebra

Computation with Integers

MA4–4NA 

4 Number and Algebra

Fractions, Decimals and

Percentages

MA4–5NA 

Review: Chapter summary 92

  Multiple-choice questions 93

  Short-answer questions 94

  Extended-response questions 97

Computation with positive and negative integers 98

  Pre-test 100

3A  Working with negative integers 101

3B  Adding or subtracting a positive integer 105

3C  Adding or subtracting a negative integer 109

3D  Multiplying or dividing by an integer 114

3E  Order of operations with positive and negative integers 118

3F  The Cartesian plane 122

Investigation 126

Puzzles and challenges 127

Review: Chapter summary 128

  Multiple-choice questions 129

  Short-answer questions 130

  Extended-response questions 131

Understanding fractions, decimals and percentages 132

  Pre-test 134

4A  Factors and multiples 135

4B  Highest common factor and lowest common multiple 1404C  What are fractions? 144

4D  Equivalent fractions and simplified fractions 150

4E  Mixed numerals and improper fractions 156

4F  Ordering positive and negative fractions 162

4G  Place value in decimals and ordering decimals 168

4H  Rounding decimals 172

4I  Decimal and fraction conversions 176

4J  Connecting percentages with fractions and decimals 181

4K  Decimal and percentage conversions 188

4L  Fraction and percentage conversions 193

4M  Percentage of a quantity 198

4N  Using fractions and percentages to compare two quantities 203

  Investigation 208

Puzzles and challenges 210

Review: Chapter summary 212

  Multiple-choice questions 213

  Short-answer questions 214

  Extended-response questions 216

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v

7 Measurement and Geometry

6 Number and Algebra

Fractions, Decimals and

Percentages

MA4–5NA 

Time

MA4–13MG

5

Probability 

MA4–21SP

Statistics and ProbabilityProbability 218

  Pre-test 220

5A  Describing probability 221

5B  Theoretical probability in single-step experiments 228

5C  Experimental probability in single-step experiments 233

5D  Compound events in single-step experiments 238

5E  Venn diagrams and two-way tables 243

5F  Probability in two-step experiments EXTENSION  250

  Investigation 255

Puzzles and challenges 257

Review: Chapter summary 259

  Multiple-choice questions 260

  Short-answer questions 261

  Extended-response questions 262

Computation with decimals and fractions 264

  Pre-test 266

6A  Adding and subtracting decimals 267

6B  Adding fractions 271

6C  Subtracting fractions 278

6D  Multiplying fractions 284

6E  Multiplying and dividing decimals by 10, 100, 1000 etc. 292

6F  Multiplying by a decimal 297

6G  Dividing fractions 301

6H  Dividing decimals 307

6I  Computation with negative fractions EXTENSION  312

  Investigation 318

Puzzles and challenges 321

Review: Chapter summary 322

  Multiple-choice questions 323

  Short-answer questions 323

  Extended-response questions 325

Semester review 1 327

Time 336

  Pre-test 338

7A  Units of time 339

7B  Working with time 344

7C  Using time zones 349

Puzzles and challenges 355

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8 Number and Algebra

9 Number and Algebra

Review: Chapter summary 356

  Multiple-choice questions 357

  Short-answer questions 357

  Extended-response question 359

Algebraic techniques 1 360

  Pre-test 362

8A  Introduction to formal algebra 363

8B  Substituting positive numbers into algebraic expressions 368

8C  Equivalent algebraic expressions 373

8D  Like terms 377

8E  Multiplying, dividing and mixed operations 381

8F  Expanding brackets 385

8G  Applying algebra EXTENSION  390

8H  Substitution involving negative numbers and mixed operations 3958I  Number patterns EXTENSION  398

8J  Spatial patterns EXTENSION  403

8K  Tables and rules EXTENSION  411

8L  The Cartesian plane and graphs EXTENSION  417

  Investigation 424

Puzzles and challenges 426

Review: Chapter summary 427

  Multiple-choice questions 428

  Short-answer questions 429

  Extended-response questions 430

Equations 1 432

  Pre-test 434

9A  Introduction to equations 435

9B  Solving equations by inspection 440

9C  Equivalent equations 444

9D  Solving equations systematically 449

9E  Equations with fractions 456

9F  Equations with brackets 4619G  Formulas and relationships EXTENSION  465

9H  Using equations to solve problems EXTENSION  469

  Investigation 474

Puzzles and challenges 475

Review: Chapter summary 476

  Multiple-choice questions 477

  Short-answer questions 478

  Extended-response questions 479

 Algebraic Techniques

MA4–8NA 

Equations

MA4–10NA 

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vii

10 Measurement and Geometry

11 Number and Algebra

Measurement and computation of length, perimeter and area  480

  Pre-test 482

10A  Measurement systems of the past and present FRINGE  483

10B  Using and converting units of length REVISION  489

10C  Perimeter of rectilinear figures 493

10D  Pi and circumference of circles 498

10E  Arc length and perimeter of sectors and composite figures 503

10F Units of area and area of rectangles 509

10G  Area of triangles 515

10H  Area of parallelograms 521

10I  Area of composite figures 525

10J  Mass and temperature REVISION  530

  Investigation 536

Puzzles and challenges 537Review: Chapter summary 538

  Multiple-choice questions 539

  Short-answer questions 540

  Extended-response questions 543

Introducing indices 544

  Pre-test 546

11A  Divisibility tests 547

11B  Prime numbers 552

11C  Using indices 555

11D  Prime decomposition 560

11E  Squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots 564

11F  The zero index and index laws 569

  Investigation 574

Puzzles and challenges 575

Review: Chapter summary 577

  Multiple-choice questions 578

  Short-answer questions 579

  Extended-response question 580Semester review 2 581

 Answers 589 

Index 645 

Length and Area

MA4–12MG, MA4–13MG

Indices

MA4–9NA 

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Table of Contents

ii

About the authors

ii

Stuart Palmer was born and educated in NSW. He is a high school mathematics teacher

with more than 25 years’ experience teaching students from all walks of life in a variety of

schools. Stuart has taught all the current NSW Mathematics courses in Stages 4, 5 and 6

numerous times. He has been a head of department in two schools and is now an

educational consultant who conducts professional development workshops for teachers all

over NSW and beyond. He also works with pre-service teachers at The University of

Sydney and The University of Western Sydney.

David Greenwood is the Head of Mathematics at Trinity Grammar School in Melbourne

and has 19 years’ experience teaching mathematics from Years 7 to 12. He has runnumerous workshops within Australia and overseas regarding the implementation of the

Australian Curriculum and the use of technology for the teaching of mathematics. He

has written more than 20 mathematics titles and has a particular interest in the sequencing

of curriculum content and working with the Australian Curriculum proficiency strands.

Bryn Humberstone graduated from University of Melbourne with an Honours degree in

Pure Mathematics, and is currently teaching both junior and senior mathematics in

Victoria. Bryn is particularly passionate about writing engaging mathematical

investigations and effective assessment tasks for students with a variety of backgrounds

and ability levels.

Justin Robinson is Head of Positive Education and a mathematics teacher at Geelong

Grammar School. Prior to this, he spent 20 years teaching mathematics and was a key writer

of in-house maths material. He has a keen interest in engaging all students through a wide

variety of effective teaching methods and materials.

Jenny Goodman has worked for 20 years in comprehensive State and selective high schools

in NSW and has a keen interest in teaching students of differing ability levels. She was

awarded the Jones medal for education at Sydney University and the Bourke prize for

Mathematics. She has written for Cambridge NSW and was involved in the Spectrum and

Spectrum Gold series.

Jennifer Vaughan has taught secondary mathematics for over 30 years in NSW, WA,

Queensland and New Zealand and has tutored and lectured in mathematics at Queensland

University of Technology. She is passionate about providing students of all ability levels with

opportunities to understand and to have success in using mathematics. She has taught special

needs students and has had extensive experience in developing resources that make

mathematical concepts more accessible; hence, facilitating student confidence, achievement

and an enjoyment of maths.

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Table of Contents

ix

Introduction andguide to this book 

This resource has been developed from an analysis of the NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum 

and the Australian Curriculum: Mathematics. It is structured on a detailed teaching program for the

implementation of the NSW Syllabus, and a comprehensive copy of the teaching program can be found

on the companion website.

The chapters are based on a logical teaching and learning sequence for the syllabus topic concerned,

so that chapter sections can be used as ready-prepared lessons. Exercises have questions graded by

level of difficulty, as indicated in the teaching program, and are grouped according to the WorkingMathematically components of the NSW Syllabus, as indicated by badges in the margin of the exercises.

This facilitates the management of differentiated learning and reporting on students’ achievement.

For certain topics the prerequisite knowledge has been given in sections marked as REVISION,

whereas EXTENSION marks a few sections that go beyond the Syllabus. Similarly, the word FRINGE

is used to mark a few topics treated in a way that lies at the edge of the Syllabus requirements, but which

provide variety and stimulus. Apart from these, all topics are aligned exactly to the NSW Syllabus, as

indicated at the start of each chapter and in the teaching program.

In Stage 5, separate textbooks are provided for 5.1/5.2 and 5.1/5.2/5.3. In addition the NSW Syllabus

allocates topics to certain pathways, which are designated 5.2◊, 5.3§ and 5.3#. These categories, together

with Stage 4, 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, are indicated for each chapter section by ‘ladder icons’ in the Year 9 and 10textbooks and teaching programs.

Guide to this book Features:

NSW Syllabus for the Australian

Curriculum: strands, substrands and

content outcomes for chapter (see

teaching program for more detail)

What you will learn: an

overview of chapter contents

Chapter introduction: use

to set a context for students

Chapter

Computation withpositive integers1What you will learn

 Placevaluein ancientnumbersystems

Placevalue in Hindu-Arabic numbers

 Adding and subtracting positiveintegers

 Algorithms foradding and subtracting

Multiplying small positiveintegers

Multiplying largepositive integers

Dividing positiveintegers and dealing with remainders

Estimating and rounding positiveintegers

Orderof operations with positiveintegers

1A 

1B

1C

1D

1E

1F

1G

1H

1I

Whole numbers in the ancientworld and now

Wholenumbers and numbersystems havebeen used

forthousands ofyears tohelp countobjects and

record information.

In ancientEgyptin about3000 BCE,ifone

hundred and twenty-fourblocks ofstone wereneededtobuild a monument,this numberwould havebeen

represented as

Today,weus ewhole numbers tohelp deal with all

sorts ofsituations.Herearesomeexamples:

• Recording thenumberofpoints in agame

• Calculating thenumberof pavers required fora

terrace

• Counting the numberofitems purchased ata shop

• Tallying thenumberof votes in an election

• Calculating theapproximate distancebetween

twotowns.

NSW Syllabus for the AustralianCurriculumStrand: Number and Algebra

Substrand: COMPUTATION WITH INTEGERS

Outcome:A studentcompares,orders,

and calculates with integers,applying a

rangeof strategies toaid computation

(MA4 —4NA)

Pre-test: establishes prior knowledge

(also available as a printable worksheet)

  i i i i i 

1 For each of the following, match the word with the symbol.

a add A  −

b subtract B  ÷

c multiply C  +

d divide D  ×

2 Write each of the following as numbers. 

        P      r      e    -

        t      e      s        t

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Working Mathematically badges

 All exercises are divided into sections marked by Working Mathematically badges, such as this example:

Understanding &

Communicating

   W O RK 

I  N  G   

M      A    

T    H   E  M  A   T  I  C

   A      L       L       Y

U   F

R PSC

Fluency &

Communicating

   W O RK I  N  G   

M      A    

T    H   E  M  A   T  I  C

   A      L       L       Y

U   F

R PSC

Problem-solving &

Communicating

   W O RK I  N  G   

M      A    

T    H   E  M  A   T  I  C

   A      L       L       Y

U F

R   PSC

Reasoning &

Communicating

   W O RK I  N  G   

M      A    

T    H   E  M  A   T  I  C

   A      L       L       Y

U F

R   PSC

The letters U (Understanding), F (Fluency), PS (Problem-solving), R (Reasoning) and C (Communication) are

highlighted in colour to indicate which of these components apply mainly to the questions in that section. Naturally

there is some overlap between the components.

Additional resources online

TM

HOTmathsinteractive maths online

 The CambridgeMATHS/  HOTmaths integrated program for the Australian Curriculum offers the

best of textbook and interactive online resources. It can be used with a HOTmaths account

(eg for class demos via IWBs or data projectors) or with student accounts, which enable

access to the full range of features, including use at home. 

 The integrated program is linked from icons and the topic

numbers in the textbooks, as detailed in a document available

(free) from the Cambridge website.

Interactive

simulations &

programs

Practice quizzes with competitive scoring option

 Tests with learning management

system

Maths dictionary with links to

content

Interactive

examples

Worksheets

(also available as

workbooks)

 All HOTmaths features are included in the program, eg:

xi

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Table of Contents

i

Acknowledgements

The author and publisher wish to thank the following sources for permission to reproduce material:

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All curriculum material taken from NSW Mathematics 7-10 Syllabus © Board of Studies NSW for and on

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