Biomass & Waste-to-Energy in Africa

Cambridge Industries & DPCleanTechPowerGen Africa 2014

CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA

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How it all began

Biomass Technology Developed in Denmark

2004 to China

2013 Arriving in Africa

Create Awareness

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African Power Today: An Unsustainable Reliance on Fossil Fuels

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40%

29%

12%

19%Coal (40%)

Natural Gas (29%)

Oil Products (12%)

Renewables (19%)

Hydro (84%)Nuclear debate (10.5)Others (0.05%)

Renewable Energy Sources (19% of total installed capacity)

Comparisons across Renewables:Stands Out for Suitability and Location

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Suitability for Africa Location

Biomass Gasification Low maximum capacity out put, but high efficiency and low CapEx

Requires close proximity to major biomass producers

Hydro (>10 MWe) Rural location means high transmission costs to urban centers

Large hydro concentrated Lower Congo, Upper Nile Rivers

W2E & Biomass incineration

Highest efficiency, competitive pricing, solves growing social problem of waste disposal

Excellent potential across Africa - every urban center & remote areas

Geothermal Very limited opportunitiesHigh cost of exploration (risky)

Limited to East Africa

Onshore Wind Long development periods, higher/more technical O&M

Concentrated in North and East/South coastal areas

Solar (CSP Grid- connected) High capex, low efficiency, new technology

Desert areas in North, East and Southern Africa

Solar PV (Grid connected) High capex, low efficiency, costly storage

Good, evenly spread potential across Africa

Cambridge’s & DPCT’s Technology:

Extraordinary Environmental, Socio-Economic Benefits

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Our Green Core

Relevant in all countries in Africa – a consistent and growing feedstock that is a burden to every government in Africa

Can be located at points of power consumption avoiding expensive transmission costs

Does not interfere with existing recycling efforts, an argument against WtE in the West but moot in Africa

Recycling

Making Waste

Valuable

Cambridge & DPCleanTech plants offer an emerging market solution that also addresses a huge social and health problem in Africa - the safe disposal of waste.

Location

How we Utilize, Manage and Retainbut more important how to improve

We are talking about the next generation Biomass Incineration Technology

Better performances, availability, consumption, lower CAPEX & OPEX

Understanding your fuel

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Tech talk

High Pressure High Temperature is responsible

The Heat Balance ( 540 C / 92 Bar / 210 C )

Full EPC scope

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ComparisonComparison 10 MWe Wheat straw MPMT vs HPHT

Units MPMT HPHT

Consumption of Biomass Kg per hours 11.000 8000

Parasitic loadKw/h 1.3 MWe 1 MWe

Availability Hours per year 6000 to 6500 7500 to 8200

Scheduled maintenance Per year 4 1

Unscheduled maintenance Per year 2 0

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Reference Plant (1 of 90)30 MWe Mixed fuel HPHT

Power Plant Specification

Installed capacity: 30MW

Internal Consumption: 10%

Boiler designer and manufacturer: DPCT

Fuel: Woodchips

Fuel calorific value (10% moisture): 16MJ/kg Maximum water content:

25%

Fuel consumption: 25tph Alternative fuel:

Cornstalk

Bark, husk

Plant availability: 7800h/y Steam production:

130tph Steamtemperature:5

540°C Steam pressure:

92bar

Feed water temperature: 210°C

Boiler efficiency: >91%

Plant efficiency: >33% 9

Cambridge’s & DPCleanTech’s Inaugural Waste-to-Energy Project:

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Additional 475MW projects (MoU)Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Rappie WtE•The 25MWe facility will be located adjacent to the largest landfill in Ethiopia’s capital, and will be delivered on a turnkey basis to EEP, the National Power Generator in Ethiopia.

•Plant capable of producing additional revenue from building materials (bricks, road aggregates made from waste ash) and recycled metals – combined revenue in Ethiopia estimated at over USD 4 million per year.

Strong Project Development Team• Execution stage of the EPC contract to develop the facility, only 9 months following origination.

•Cambridge & DPCleanTech are negotiating with EEP to install plants on the same turnkey basis in 7 other cities in Ethiopia, with a total combined capacity of 475 MW.

Cambridge & DPCleanTech have developed the ground work for an Ethiopian plant, which will be the first Waste-to-Energy facility in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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2

34

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Unique Waste-to-Energy Technology:Waste Disposal & Energy Generation

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Cambridge, CNEEC & DPCT have developed a proprietary combination of core Western technology with a Far-Eastern Balance of Plant resulting in per MWe costs of around US$ 4 million, making this green energy

solution cost-effective for Africa.

Waste to EnergyWaste Disposal

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WtE Plant takes all waste dumped at the open site which are then mixed through large cranes and then inserted into special burning grates. Our fuel is the least wanted garbage destined for landfill.

Waste-to-Energy Technology:Combustion & Steam Generating

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Grate: A special grate from Licensed from Martin Germany with its unparalleled track-record of building grates geared towards developing countries with MSW of low calorific value and high moisture content.

Boilers: World class boilers manufactured by DP CleanTech (Denmark)

Waste-to-Energy Technology:Flue Gas Treatment

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Flue Gas Treatment: The plant meets the strictest emissions guidelines through DPCT’s Flue Gas Treatment solutions, customized for the unique composition of waste in Africa.

Cambridge’s plants match the environmental standards promulgated by the EU.

Waste-to-Energy Technology:Residual Ash to Bricks

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Ash (sludge & fly ash): The ash from the WtE facility is used in road construction and to make bricks. A 1,000 tpd WtE facility has a capacity to produce 20,000 bricks every day. This creates additional income to the facility owner and reuses 100% of the waste.

City Garbage Collectors (Ethiopia)

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Cambridge & DPCleanTech have a partnership in with Gerum Motors, an Ethiopian automobile manufacturer that will supply waste-collection vehicles associated with our Waste-to-Energy facilities.

43Km/

L

500Kg

Load

Clean

Cheap

Comparisons across Renewables:Low Actual Cost and High Plant Capacity Factor

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Cost / ($ MWe) Availability Factor “Actual” Cost Plant Lifetime

Cambridge DPCT Biomass

2.0 90% 2.2 30

Hydro (>10 MWe) 1.5 45% 3.3 50

Cambridge DPCT W2E

3.5 90% 3.9 30

Geothermal 5.00 80% 6.3 30

Onshore Wind 1.75 25% 7.0 15

Solar (CSP Grid- connected) *

5.50 30% 18 30

Solar PV (Grid connected)

3.00 20% 15 30

Thank you.

For More Information Contact

Samuel Alemayehu (Addis Ababa)salemayehu@cambridge-industries.com

Robbert Klein Langenhorst (Bangkok, Addis Ababa)

robbert.klein@dpcleantech.com