Cambridge...2020/04/24 · East Pakistan. He was honest and talented politician. He knew that...
Transcript of Cambridge...2020/04/24 · East Pakistan. He was honest and talented politician. He knew that...
Cambridge
Subject: HISTORY (2059/1)
Class: CII
Lesson : 3
DHA EDUCATION SYSTEM
Topic: Khawaja Nazimuddin
(2nd Governor General of Pakistan)
and Liaquat Ali Khan
( 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan)
Learning Objective(s):
By the end of the topic students would be able to……….
1. Discuss the role of Khawaja Nazimuddin and his main
contributions.
2. Examine the achievements of Liaquat Ali Khan as 1st
Prime Minister.
3. Analyze the importance of objective resolution which
became main base of constitution on ISLAMIC ideology.
INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan won independence under extremely difficult conditions. The
next task was setting up of a new state. There was no administrative
structure. Riots, refugee’s problem and economic pressures were
challenging for the new state. Negative attitude from Indian
government and war on Kashmir created problems in relations with
India.
The Government of India Act 1935 was adopted as the first Interim
Constitution.
Mohammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor General (GG) of
Pakistan and Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister (PM).
Governor Generals:
1. M. A. Jinnah August Sept. 1947-Sept. 1948
2. Khawaja Nazimuddin Sept. 1948-Oct 1951
3. Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan Aug.1947- Oct 1951
Resource Books:
1.The History and culture
of Pakistan
by Nigel Kelly
2.Pakistan History,
Culture and
Government
by Nigel Smith
3.History book
by Farooq Naseem Bajwa
LIAQUAT ALI KHAN
1st Prime Minister of
Pakistan
1st Prime Minister:
Liaquat Ali Khan (August 1947-Oct 1951)
>Objectives Resolution
>First move towards constitutional development
>Focused on principles of Islam and human rights
>Designed to deflect criticism from religious leaders
Successes:
•Objectives Resolution
•Minority Pact( Liaquat-Nehru Pact)
•1950 Proper handling of coup (Rawalpindi conspiracy)
•Managed to keep economy going and produce surplus budgets for
new state.
Failures
•PRODA repealed
•Failed to frame constitution
• Failed to handle Hyderabad crisis
• Unable to resolve Kashmir issue (ceasefire)
After independence, Quaid-i-Azam and Muslim League appointed
Liaquat to be the head of the Pakistan Government. Being the first
Prime Minister of the country, He had to deal with a number of
difficulties facing Pakistan in its early days. Liaquat Ali Khan
helped Quaid-i-Azam in solving the riot and refugee problem and
setting up an effective administrative system for the country.
After the death of Quaid-i-Azam, Liaquat tried to fill the vacuum
created by the departure of the Father of the Nation. The life of
Liaqat Ali Khan, who earned the titles Quaid-e-Millat and Shahid-
e-Millat, was one of complete service to the Muslims of India and
the cause of Pakistan. He was so devoted that Muhammad Ali
Jinnah himself referred to Khan as his “right hand man”.
Khan’s life ended tragically in October 1951, after he was shot to
death while giving a speech in Rawalpindi. His dying words, after
reciting the Islamic declaration of faith were, “May God protect
Pakistan.”
Khawaja Nazimuddin
2nd Governor General
Under Quaid-i-Azam’s constitutional framework, executive powers
lay with the Prime Minister. When Liaquat Ali Khan was
assassinated on October 16, 1951, Khawaja Nazimuddin, who was
the Governor General at that time, took over as the second Prime
Minister of Pakistan. Ghulam Muhammad, who had been Finance
Minister since the inception of Pakistan, was elevated to the post of
Governor General.
It was under Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin that the second
draft of the Basic Principles Committee was presented to the
Constituent Assembly on December 22, 1952. He remained in
power till April 1953 when Ghulam Muhammad removed him from
the office. Khawaja Nazimuddin’s downfall was not only due to his
meekness of character, but also due to the power struggle amongst
the various leaders. The movement for Tahaffuz-i-Khatam-i-
Nabuwat and the worsening food condition in Punjab caused a lot
of trouble for Khawaja Nazimuddin.
The anti-Ahmadiya movement was started in Punjab by the Ahrar
and had the support of Mian Mumtaz Daultana, the Chief Minister of
Punjab. This movement soon spread to other parts of the country.
There were widespread disturbances and the situation in the country
soon worsened to the brink of anarchy and civil war. Imposition of
Martial Law became imminent. Khawaja Nazimuddin was
summoned by the Governor General along with his Cabinet and
ordered to resign. Khawaja Nazimuddin declined but was dismissed
by Malik Ghulam Muhammad on April 17, 1953. After the dismissal
of Khawaja Nazimuddin, the Governor General appointed
Muhammad Ali Bogra, an unknown person from East Pakistan, as
the Prime Minister.
Most historians agree that the removal of Khawaja Nazimuddin was
improper and undemocratic because the Prime Minister still enjoyed
the confidence of the Parliament. This act set an unhealthy tradition
and precedent for the future Presidents who were fond of removing
elected governments, thus creating continued instability in the
country.
Timeline base important events
(1947-1951)14 Sept 1948:
Khawaja Nazimuddin made Governor General of Pakistan at that
time he was the leader of Muslim league and Chief Minister of
East Pakistan. He was honest and talented politician.
He knew that Liaquat Ali Khan (Prime minister ) had influence
over people so he allowed him to hold government and role of
governor general became less important.
12 March 1949: Objective Resolution
I n 1947 Pakistan was ruled by the Indian Independence Act so a
new constitution was important for Pakistan for its stability. For
this purpose Objective resolution was passed which contained
several references to Islam to avoid criticism by ulemas.
17 Sept 1948-9:
January 1949 war with India over Kashmir
5 Jan 1949:
UNO organized a cease fire between India and Pakistan.
1949: [PRODA]
The Public and Representative Disqualification Act
It allowed the government to disqualify persons found guilty of
"misconduct," a term that acquired a broad definition. In 1952
the Security of Pakistan Act expanded the powers of the
government in the interests of public order.
28 Sept 1950:
Basic Principles Committee recommended bicameral legislature
with equal powers but it was criticized bitterly.
Liaquat –Nehru Pact :
Both [Indian and Pakistani] government were responsible for the
safety of minority groups in their country and visa system was
introduced.
January 1951:
Sir Douglas Gracy the British Commander in – chief of the
Pakistan was replaced by General Ayub Khan.
In March 1951: Major General Mohammad Akbar Khan, chief of
the general staff, was arrested along with fourteen other officers on
charges of plotting a coup. The authors of what became known as
the Rawalpindi Conspiracy were tried in secret, convicted, and
sentenced to imprisonment. All were subsequently released.
16 Oct 1951 : assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan, resolution of
these issues became unlikely.
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