Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

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CAMBODIA EXPERIENCES ON GENDER MAINSTREAMINGIN THE RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR

Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply & Sanitation SectorProject(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)

Mr. Nuon PichnimithDeputy Director

Department of Rural Water Supply

Ministry of Rural Development

Regional Seminar

Gender, Urban Development , and Water Supply and Sanitation

14-16 November 2011, Vientiane, Lao PDR

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authorand do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts noresponsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries

listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as tosovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to

ADB's terminolo .


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Kingdom of Cambodia


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Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation Sector Project

Impact: Improved health and quality of life for rural people.

Outcome: Sustained access to safe water and sanitation and better

hygiene. Executing Agency: Ministry of Rural Development

Total Project Cost: US$24 million: (i) ADB Grant $18 million; (ii)Government $2.06 million; and (iii) Community $3.94 million

Project Duration: 4.5 years (53 months from 2006 to 2010)

4 Outputs: Community mobilization and skills development

Water supply improvement

Sanitation improvement

Capacity building and institutional support

Gender Mainstreaming: Gender Action Plan

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TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)


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Gender Analysis:Identification of Different Roles and Responsibilities

MEN WOMEN

Sometimes collect and carry water to thehouse

Often make decisions on construction ofWSS facilities, including location and design

Participate in training on construction,operation and maintenance

Sometimes share cleaning of the house,latrine, bathroom and disposal of rubbish

Decide on location and way to releasewastewater from the house

Almost always collect and carry water to the house

Concerned with household water security and family health

Sometimes influence, but often not able to make the final decision, oninvestment in WSS facilities, their location and design

Usually clean the house, latrine, bathroom and area around the well,and dispose of rubbish

Participate in household wastewater management, but rarelyinfluence decisions

Play main role in educating children on good hygiene behaviors,including proper use of latrines, hand-washing, handling of water etc.

Concerned with unsafe water and its harm on womens health.

Participate most in hygiene education

SPECIFIC TO PROJECT AREA:

Womens 3rd priority issue is poor conditions of water supply

Women comprise of 51.5% of total population

75% of respondents reported that the burden of collecting water falls on women and children (e.g., during the dryseason, they spend up to 3 hours per day collecting water with frequent trips and long queues at water points)

65-75% of respondents said women are responsible for hygiene and for cleaning water jars and around the well area.



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Gender Action PlanOutput Gender Targets as per Project Design and Monitoring Framework

Communitymobilization

25% of NGO staff will be female

40% of WSUG board members to be female

At least 40% of sanitation & hygiene training participants to be male

Water supply

improvements

Consider womens needs in access to water points, child safety, and operation of hand

pumps before construction50% of O&M training participants to be female

Sanitationimprovements

Review specific considerations that affect females (e.g. separate public toilet blocks forwomen)

Capacity building andinstitutional support

Gender training for MRD staff at all levels

At least 30% training participants female

Sex-disaggregated dataProject guidelines on gender mainstreaming

ImplementationArrangements

Chair of MRDs Gender Working Group to sit on steering committee

At least 2 GWG members in PMU

6pm international gender & social development consultant, 10pm national communitydevelopment specialist



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Gender ActionsFor Output A

Community Mobilization Gender balance participation in Project

Awareness Promotion Campaigns

Womens concerns are considered in the

selection of sub-projects Womens major role in technology choices

and preparation of village water supply andsanitation plans

25% of NGO staff will be female

40% of WSUG board members to be female

At least 40% of sanitation and hygienetraining participants to be male.



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Gender ActionsFor Output B

Water Supply Improvement Women participate in the technology choice and

technical assessment process

Women are main users, and designs criteriainclude women-friendly principles (e.g., womensneeds in access to water points, education onchild safety, and training on operation of handpumps before construction)

50% of O&M training participants are women andone woman and one man appointed for hand

pump caretakers Women participate in construction works

Women participate in the financial management ofthe Water System O&M



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Gender ActionsFor Output C

Sanitation Improvement Consider women's specific needs:

Separate public toilet blocks for women

Safety, privacy and convenience

Both men and women participate in Water use and

hygiene improvement trainings, and messages aredesigned for both sexes

Implement informed choice to fit individualrequirements and financial affordable levels

Husband and Wife together chose Household Latrine

Types Women together participate in latrine construction

works

Women are trained in O&M of household latrines



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Gender ActionsFor Output DCapacity Building and

Institutional Support Gender training for MRD/PDRD project staffs

at all levels

At least 30% training participants female

M&E and MIS system includes sex-disaggregated data

Project guidelines on gender mainstreaming

Gender mainstreaming principles areintegrated in the RWSS policy strategy

framework Gender aspects are indicated in the capacity

development training for WSUGs andcommunity leaders (WSUG Handbooks)



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Gender ActionsFor Output EProject Implementation

Arrangements Chair of MRDs Gender Working Group (GWG) to sit on

project steering committee

At least 2 GWG members in PMU (one Gender Officer;one for Health & Hygiene Education, and each PIU hasa staff responsible for gender activities.

At least one member of the female commune councilmember cooperate and oversee the Projects Gender

Action Plan implementation at the community level.

6 person-months of international gender & socialdevelopment consultant, 10 person-months of nationalcommunity development specialist.

Gender assurances (targets) included in the ProjectReports



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Gender MainstreamingAchievements

505,840 people have access to safe water(out of which, 51% are female populations)

225,000 people have a hygienic latrine

Gender mainstreaming and Gender ActionPlans included in the village engagementprocess

7 out 20 NGO staff was women (35%)

Womens active participation in planning,technology choice, WUHE and O&Mactivities in water supply and sanitation



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Gender MainstreamingAchievements

Encourage womens active participation inmanagement In 5,452 WSUGs, 44% ofmembers are women (12,273 women among28,402 members)

Encourage mens participation in health andhygiene education- 56% (6,234 men among

11,166 ) are male participants

About 39% of participants trained in O&Mwere women (4,734 women among 18,741participants).

40% women (11,269) among 27,799technical training participants

Gender monitoring indicators in ProjectPerformance Monitoring Systems



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Gender Mainstreaming Achievements

Reduced transportation time and labor for water collection

Sufficient water for domestic use and personal hygiene practices

Reduced water and sanitation related diseases in the family and reducedhealth care costs

More productive time and healthy conditions for income-generationactivities and family care

Better social safety and convenience through having reliable water pointsclose their homes (within 150 meters) and household latrines

Increased influence in the decision making process for RWSS planningand construction through active participation in the WSUG Boards andcommunity construction teams



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Issues and Challenges of

Gender Mainstreaming

Illiteracy is high among rural women

Strong traditional norms that assign higher status to men

Traditional gender roles

Limited time for womens participation due to householdwork

Married women are reluctant to take responsibilities forthe Organization Management together with men

Women hesitate to express their ideas against mensdecisions and ideas



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Lessons Learned

Gender requirements in DMF with specific targets bycomponents help project teams focus on gender results duringproject implementation.

Gender Action Plan integrated into the Village Engagement Planwith specific actions for gender help project staff and community

leaders with better understanding of gender issues

With the gender mainstreaming guidelines supported by MRDand MOWA, the project teams had a clear vision on NationalGender Strategy and were able to link up RWSS Sector strategy

with the National strategy Gender Working Group (GWG/MRD) involvements in the Project

management teams helped ensure gender focus activities andencouraged womens active participation in project activities

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RWSSP-2 Gender Actions RWSSP-2 includes a Gender Action Plan with specific targets

based on the TSRWSSP experiences and lessons RWSSP-2 Gender Targets

50% of village/commune focal persons are women

50% of Water Point Caretakers are women

40% of WSUG Board members will be women

At least 40% of women and 20% of men will be included in ofawareness and behavioral change training

At least 40% of all hygiene and sanitation education participants aremale

At least 40% of M&E training participants at village levels are female 50% of CD and Sanitation staffs of PCU and PPTs are women

At least 1 out of 3 NGO persons placed in each PPT will be women

Commune-base small groups have at least 60% femalerepresentatives

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SS


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17 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Womens Active Participation in RWSS Program ensure that

Womens Concerns are Properly Addressed

For Household Water Security and Family Health Improvements

Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

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