Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War
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Transcript of Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War
Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War
Can communism be contained?
What happened to Cambodia?• Khmer Rouge:
______________________________________
• Formed in 1968 as a faction of the Peoples’ Army of ____________
• Ruled from 1975-1978• Led by _____________
Rule of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge• Attempts at _____________________________led to
widespread famine• Forced evacuation of ________ populations (“New
People”) in an attempt to create _______________ __________________________ (“Old People”)
• Insisted on absolute _______________________ = complete ______________
• Severe restrictions on ____________________(religion, privacy, communication, etc.)
• Mass executions of dissenters, intellectuals, foreigners or “New People” led to the ______________________.
• Maintained support through _____________________.
Crimes Against Humanity• The Khmer Rouge arrested, tortured, and executed
anyone suspected of belonging to several categories of supposed "enemies:”– Connections to ________ or ___________ governments– Professionals & _______________ (In practice, this
included everyone with an _____________)– Artists, musicians, writers– ___________________________________________– ________ Vietnamese, Chinese, Thai populations– “Economic Saboteurs:” former __________ populations
• Death toll is estimated between ______________.
Fall of Khmer Rouge• By December 1978, due to several years
of _______________ and the _____________, relations between Cambodia and _________ collapsed
• Vietnamese forces invaded and captured the capital, ____________, in January 1979 (left)
• During period of Sino-Soviet tensions: ________ supported Vietnam & ______supported Cambodia
• Occupation and fighting continued until a _____________________ was established in 1996
• _____________________________
REVIEW• What led to the division of Germany in 1949?
• What were the causes/effects of the Berlin blockade?
• How did containment in Asia effect the Cold War in Europe?
• What were the two Cold War alliances?
Timeline of Events Affecting post-war Germany (1945-1961)
• 1945: Yalta & Potsdam Conferences• 1948: Marshall Aide approved; Berlin Blockade• 1949: NATO established; West (FRG) & East (GDR)
Germanys established• 1955: West Germany admitted to NATO (effect of
Korean War)• 1958: Khrushchev attempts negotiation = ultimatum• 1961: Berlin Wall is built
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NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization• In 1949 the western nations formed
the _________________________ ______________to coordinate their defense against USSR.
• Pledged signers to treat an attack against one, as _________________
• It originally consisted of:– America - Holland– Belgium - Italy– Britain - Luxembourg– Canada - Norway– Denmark - Portugal– France
• When West Germany joined in 1955, the Soviets responded…..
NATO flag
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Warsaw Pact• Warsaw Pact: organization of communist states in __________________________. •Established May 14, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland ___________________________•Founding members:
–Albania (left in 1961) - Poland–Bulgaria - Romania–Czechoslovakia - USSR (founding member)–Hungary - East Germany (joined in 1956)
The Two Germanys: East vs. WestEconomic Differences• West Germany (“economic
miracle”) • __________________________
____________________________________________________
• East Germany: • Forced ____________ of farms
and rapid socialization = massive ________________________
• Hardships and drop in living standards caused many East Germans ____________________________________________________
Political Differences • West Germany:
_____________• East Germany:
____________________________________________________
• Discontent in East Germany led to riots in 1953 – put down with Soviet tanks
• As a result of these differences, no further efforts were made to _______________________.
Exodus of East Germany • Economic and political disparities caused a mass
exodus of ________________________________.• Encouraged by West• Between 1945-1961, _______ of the whole German
population moved West via Berlin• In 1958, _____________ proposed a peace treaty
that would ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Walter Ulbricht____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Berlin Crisis of 1958• Khrushchev’s ultimatum: If the West did not agree to these
changes, he would ____________________________________________________________________________________. • To resist Khrushchev might _________________________!!!• Due to Western outrage, the ultimatum was dropped and
negotiations began• 2/1959: meeting in Geneva to propose German unity, but
________________________________________________• _________: meeting in US, but again, no agreement reached• Numbers of refugees continued to grow as _______________
____________ with Khrushchev's failure to solve the problem (he wanted ______________________; no peace with West!)
• Khrushchev hoped he would have better luck with ________
Kennedy and “Flexible Response”• “We intend to have a wider choice than humiliation
or all out nuclear war”• His approach to containment was a policy of
“flexible response”– Limited involvement in _______________– More spending on _____________________– Increasing _________________________– Continued ______ covert work– Continued _____________________to countries– Continued __________________with the USSR
Kennedy and “Flexible Response”
• How was Eisenhower’s “New Look” different than Kennedy’s “Flexible Response?” Similar?
Kennedy and “Flexible Response”• Khrushchev assumed he could
__________________________in foreign affairs, but JFK was determined to _______________ to the Soviets
• Called Berlin “an island of freedom in a communist sea” and “a beacon of hope behind the iron curtain.”
• Responded to Khrushchev’s demands with an _____________ ___________________________.
• “We cannot and will not permit the Soviets to drive us out of Berlin, either gradually or by force.”
Construction of the Berlin Wall• In August 1961, Khrushchev
________________________ ________________________________________________
• Why did Khrushchev agree to this? – Growing _________ in Berlin– ________________to the West– ________________’s response– ________ problems in the East
• Construction of the Berlin Wall began ______________
Berlin Wall• 41 miles long (28 on
border)• 12 feet high• Fortified with guards
and weapons• Included anti-vehicle
trenches• Over 5,000 escape
attempts• Became a symbol for
the division between East & West
What did the building of the wall mean….• For Khrushchev?– Visible admission that __________________________: the
Soviets had to create a barrier to _____________________. He was able to regain control over the situation and free himself of pressure from Ulbricht
• For Ulbricht?– _________________________________________________
• For the citizens of Berlin?– _________________________________________________
• For the Cold War?– Removed Germany as a key issue in Cold War negotiations;
Americans disliked it, _______________________________– Focus of the Cold War moved from Europe
Berlin Wall Document Analysis
• Pgs. 87-89• How do these documents compare in their
analysis of the results of building the Berlin Wall?
• Essay Example• When and why was Germany the focus of Cold
War hostility in the 16 years after WWII?