Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

21
Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War Can communism be contained?

description

Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War. Can communism be contained?. What happened to Cambodia?. Khmer Rouge: ______________________________________ Formed in 1968 as a faction of the Peoples’ Army of ____________ Ruled from 1975-1978 Led by _____________. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Page 1: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Can communism be contained?

Page 2: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

What happened to Cambodia?• Khmer Rouge:

______________________________________

• Formed in 1968 as a faction of the Peoples’ Army of ____________

• Ruled from 1975-1978• Led by _____________

Page 3: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Rule of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge• Attempts at _____________________________led to

widespread famine• Forced evacuation of ________ populations (“New

People”) in an attempt to create _______________ __________________________ (“Old People”)

• Insisted on absolute _______________________ = complete ______________

• Severe restrictions on ____________________(religion, privacy, communication, etc.)

• Mass executions of dissenters, intellectuals, foreigners or “New People” led to the ______________________.

• Maintained support through _____________________.

Page 4: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Crimes Against Humanity• The Khmer Rouge arrested, tortured, and executed

anyone suspected of belonging to several categories of supposed "enemies:”– Connections to ________ or ___________ governments– Professionals & _______________ (In practice, this

included everyone with an _____________)– Artists, musicians, writers– ___________________________________________– ________ Vietnamese, Chinese, Thai populations– “Economic Saboteurs:” former __________ populations

• Death toll is estimated between ______________.

Page 5: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Fall of Khmer Rouge• By December 1978, due to several years

of _______________ and the _____________, relations between Cambodia and _________ collapsed

• Vietnamese forces invaded and captured the capital, ____________, in January 1979 (left)

• During period of Sino-Soviet tensions: ________ supported Vietnam & ______supported Cambodia

• Occupation and fighting continued until a _____________________ was established in 1996

• _____________________________

Page 6: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

REVIEW• What led to the division of Germany in 1949?

• What were the causes/effects of the Berlin blockade?

• How did containment in Asia effect the Cold War in Europe?

• What were the two Cold War alliances?

Page 7: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Timeline of Events Affecting post-war Germany (1945-1961)

• 1945: Yalta & Potsdam Conferences• 1948: Marshall Aide approved; Berlin Blockade• 1949: NATO established; West (FRG) & East (GDR)

Germanys established• 1955: West Germany admitted to NATO (effect of

Korean War)• 1958: Khrushchev attempts negotiation = ultimatum• 1961: Berlin Wall is built

Page 8: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

8

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization• In 1949 the western nations formed

the _________________________ ______________to coordinate their defense against USSR.

• Pledged signers to treat an attack against one, as _________________

• It originally consisted of:– America - Holland– Belgium - Italy– Britain - Luxembourg– Canada - Norway– Denmark - Portugal– France

• When West Germany joined in 1955, the Soviets responded…..

NATO flag

Page 9: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

9

Warsaw Pact• Warsaw Pact: organization of communist states in __________________________. •Established May 14, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland ___________________________•Founding members:

–Albania (left in 1961) - Poland–Bulgaria - Romania–Czechoslovakia - USSR (founding member)–Hungary - East Germany (joined in 1956)

Page 10: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War
Page 11: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

The Two Germanys: East vs. WestEconomic Differences• West Germany (“economic

miracle”) • __________________________

____________________________________________________

• East Germany: • Forced ____________ of farms

and rapid socialization = massive ________________________

• Hardships and drop in living standards caused many East Germans ____________________________________________________

Political Differences • West Germany:

_____________• East Germany:

____________________________________________________

• Discontent in East Germany led to riots in 1953 – put down with Soviet tanks

• As a result of these differences, no further efforts were made to _______________________.

Page 12: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Exodus of East Germany • Economic and political disparities caused a mass

exodus of ________________________________.• Encouraged by West• Between 1945-1961, _______ of the whole German

population moved West via Berlin• In 1958, _____________ proposed a peace treaty

that would ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 14: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Berlin Crisis of 1958• Khrushchev’s ultimatum: If the West did not agree to these

changes, he would ____________________________________________________________________________________. • To resist Khrushchev might _________________________!!!• Due to Western outrage, the ultimatum was dropped and

negotiations began• 2/1959: meeting in Geneva to propose German unity, but

________________________________________________• _________: meeting in US, but again, no agreement reached• Numbers of refugees continued to grow as _______________

____________ with Khrushchev's failure to solve the problem (he wanted ______________________; no peace with West!)

• Khrushchev hoped he would have better luck with ________

Page 15: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Kennedy and “Flexible Response”• “We intend to have a wider choice than humiliation

or all out nuclear war”• His approach to containment was a policy of

“flexible response”– Limited involvement in _______________– More spending on _____________________– Increasing _________________________– Continued ______ covert work– Continued _____________________to countries– Continued __________________with the USSR

Page 17: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Kennedy and “Flexible Response”• Khrushchev assumed he could

__________________________in foreign affairs, but JFK was determined to _______________ to the Soviets

• Called Berlin “an island of freedom in a communist sea” and “a beacon of hope behind the iron curtain.”

• Responded to Khrushchev’s demands with an _____________ ___________________________.

• “We cannot and will not permit the Soviets to drive us out of Berlin, either gradually or by force.”

Page 18: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Construction of the Berlin Wall• In August 1961, Khrushchev

________________________ ________________________________________________

• Why did Khrushchev agree to this? – Growing _________ in Berlin– ________________to the West– ________________’s response– ________ problems in the East

• Construction of the Berlin Wall began ______________

Page 19: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Berlin Wall• 41 miles long (28 on

border)• 12 feet high• Fortified with guards

and weapons• Included anti-vehicle

trenches• Over 5,000 escape

attempts• Became a symbol for

the division between East & West

Page 20: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

What did the building of the wall mean….• For Khrushchev?– Visible admission that __________________________: the

Soviets had to create a barrier to _____________________. He was able to regain control over the situation and free himself of pressure from Ulbricht

• For Ulbricht?– _________________________________________________

• For the citizens of Berlin?– _________________________________________________

• For the Cold War?– Removed Germany as a key issue in Cold War negotiations;

Americans disliked it, _______________________________– Focus of the Cold War moved from Europe

Page 21: Cambodia and Germany in the Cold War

Berlin Wall Document Analysis

• Pgs. 87-89• How do these documents compare in their

analysis of the results of building the Berlin Wall?

• Essay Example• When and why was Germany the focus of Cold

War hostility in the 16 years after WWII?