Calving TOC Calf Facts Ease Calf Notes - Canadian … · The navel and umbilical cord stump of...

Calf Management 1

TOCSKILLSJim Quigley’sCalf Notes

Sam Leadley’sCalf Facts

CalvingEase

Feeding theNewborn Calf

Table of Contents

Basic Calf Care Skill Inventory

Calf Raiser Skill Inventory

Basic Calf Care Skills1 Identify a navel dip solution

2 Determine the gender of a calf

3 Soak a navel with dip

4 Evaluate navel condition at 24 hours

5 Restrain a newborn calf for feeding or tagging

6 Insert an identification tag in calf ’s ear

7 Feed a calf with a bottle

8 Feed a calf with an esophageal feeder

9 Give an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection

10 Give intranasal vaccine

11 Prepare stored colostrum for feeding a newborn calf

12 Mix milk replacer

13 Measure temperature of liquids fed to calves

14 Cleaning mixing and feeding equipment

15 Feed milk or milk replacer

16 Observe for scours

17 Measure body temperature of a calf

18 Observe for pneumonia

... continued

Steve

TOC

Steve

TOC

Steve

TOC

Calf Management Skills 2

Calf Raiser Skills1 Determine colostrum quality

2 Preserve colostrum for later feeding

3 Use colostrum supplements properly

4a Select and monitor milk replacer mixing procedures

4b Decide how much milk replacer to feed

4c Select and monitor wash-up temperatures, chemicals andprocedures for milk feeding equipment

5 Diagnose scours

6 Treat scours

7 Diagnose respiratory illness

8 Treat respiratory illness

9 Diagnose navel infections

10 Treat navel infections

11 Feed water

12 Manage water buckets

13 Feed starter grain

14 Manage grain buckets

15 Store vaccines

16 Prepare vaccines

17 Give vaccines

18 Insert plastic ear tags

19 Maintain calf record system

20 Dock tails

21 Dehorn

Sam Leadley’s Calf Management Facts

Calving Ease Newsletter

Jim Quigley’s Calf Notes

Penn State University’s ‘Feeding the Newborn Dairy Calf ’

Calf Management 3

TOCJim Quigley’sCalf Notes


CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill Inventory

Identify a navel dipsolution

Evaluate navelcondition at 24 hours

Feed a calf with abottle.

Give intranasalvaccine

Measure temperatureof liquids fed to calves

Observe for scours

Determine the genderof a calf

Restrain a newborncalf for feeding or tagging

Feed a calf with anesophageal feeder

Prepare storedcolostrum for feeding toa newborn calf

Clean mixing andfeeding equipment

Measure bodytemperature of a calf

Soak a navel with dip

Insert an identificationtag in a calf’s ear

Give an intramuscularinjection

Mix milk replacer

Feed milk or milkreplacer

Observe forrespiratory illness

1 2 3

18

6

9

12

15

7

10

13

16

4

8

11

14

17

5

Calf Management 4

TOCJim Quigley’sCalf Notes


CalvingEase


Calf Raiser Skill Inventory

Determine colostrumquality

1

Maintain calf recordsystem

19

Select and monitormilk replacer mixingprocedures

4a

Diagnose respiratoryillness

7

Treat navel infections10

Feed starter grain13

Prepare vaccines16

Preserve colostrum forlater feedings

2

Dock tails20

Treat respiratoryillness

8

Feed water11

Manage grain buckets14

Administer vaccines17

Use colostrumsupplements properly

3

Dehorn21

Diagnose scours5

Diagnose navelinfections

9

Manage waterbuckets

12

Store vaccines15

Insert plastic ear tags18

Decide how muchmilk replacer to feed

4b Select and monitormilk feeding equipmentwash-up procedures

4c

Treat scours6

Calf Management 5



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 1: Identify a navel dip solution

For good calf health we must keep bacteria from entering theumbilical cord on a newborn calf. We dip the cord and theentire navel area. For dipping to work properly this dip should

be a 7 percent iodine alcohol solution(tincture of iodine). Other common on-farmiodine solutions are not effective for keepingbacteria out of the umbilical cord of anewborn calf.

For more information, see:• QCN14: Navel Disinfection

Go To Skill Sheet

The navel and umbilical cord stump of everynewborn calf should be dipped in a 7% solutionof iodine in alcohol - known as tincture of iodine.

Calf Management 6



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 2: Determine the gender of a calf

On most dairy farms female (heifer) calves are raised. Male(bull) calves are sold. In order to properly separate calves thecaretaker must be able to identify calf gender.

Go To Skill Sheet

Click here to see a video clipdemonstrating this skill

Calf Management 7



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 3: Soak a navel with dip

Rinsing and soaking the umbilical cord and navel area of anewborn calf is essential for preserving good health. Rinsingthe cord washes away dirt and pathogens. Soaking the cordand navel area exposes them to both iodine (kills pathogens)and alcohol (dries up cord).

For more information, see:• LCF26: Newborn Health Starts At Calving• LCF32: Dipping Navels / Desinfeccion Umbilical• LCF67: Disinfecting Navels and Calf Mortality• QCN14: Navel disinfection• CE15: Newborn Navel Care

Go To Skill Sheet


Calf Management 8



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 4: Evaluate navel condition at 24 hours

If the navel dipping is effective the umbilical cord will shrivelup promptly. This closes it off as a route for pathogens to enterthe body. If for any reason the umbilical cord has not lost itswet appearance and is still soft to the touch it needs to becoated with tincture of iodine again at 24 to 36 hours.

Go To Skill Sheet


Calf Management 9



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 5: Restrain a newborn calf for feeding or tagging

Correct restraint decreases the chances of injury for both thecalf and the caretaker. Also, they both experience less stress.Both feeding and tagging may be done properly when the calfis carefully restrained.

For more information, see:• CE39: Calf care and husbandry

Go To Skill Sheet


Calf Management 10



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 6: Insert an identification tag in calf ’s ear

Effective calf management depends on correct identificationof each calf. Feeding calves often varies depending on ageand size of calf. Disease diagnosis and treatment depends onaccurate calf identification. Proper placement of a metal eartag is an important step in maintaining a calf’s identity.

Go To Skill Sheet


Calf Management 11



CalvingEase


Basic Calf Care Skill 7: Feed a calf with a bottle

Nearly all calves are fed either colostrum, milk or milk replacerat least once with a nursing bottle. Knowledge of what isnormal and abnormal suckling behavior for calves is essentialfor preserving good calf health. Learning what to observewhen bottle feeding is an important part of good animalhusbandry.

For more information, see:• LCF01: How Much to Feed a 100# Calf• LCF08: Calves That Just Don’t Suck• LCF11: Clean, Wholesome Colostrum• LCF17: Feeding Preweaned Calves: Colostrum• LCF18: Feeding Preweaned Calves: Milk Replacer• QCN01: Colostrum Feeding - To nurse or not to nurse• QCN02: Colostrum Feeding - How much colostrum to feed?• QCN03: Colostrum Feeding - A primer on colostrum Ig• QCN06: Methods of feeding liquid to calves• QCN11: Timing of colostrum feeding• QCN28: Can I feed calves once a day?• QCN38: The 18 pound rule of colostrum feeding• QCN52: Colostrum protein as a source of nutrition for the

newborn calf• QCN57: The need to feed colostrum• QCN74: Colostrum & growth of calves• CE40: Bottle feeding

Go To Skill Sheet


Calf Management 47



CalvingEase


Sam Leadley’s Calf Management Facts

01 How Much to Feed a 100# Calf

02 8 Reasons Why Antibiotics Fail

03 8 Reasons Why Vaccines Fail

04 Blueprint for 4-6 Month Old Heifers

05 Transitioning Calves After Weaning

06 Calf Blankets

07 Calves and Water

08 Calves that Just Don’t Suck

09 Cleaning Versus Bacterial Control

10 Collecting Clean Colostrum

11 Clean, Wholesome Colostrum

12 Colostrum Management Checklist

13 Why Feed Colostrum?

14 Colostrum Supplements

15 Test Your Own Starter Grain Quality

16 Production Profit Starts with Colostrum Management

17 Feeding Preweaned Calves: Colostrum

... continued


Sam Leadley’s Calf Management Facts - continued

18 Feeding Preweaned Calves: Milk Replacer

19 Feeding Preweaned Calves: Starter Grain

20 Feeding Preweaned Calves: Water

21 Filling Buckets or Feeding Water?

22 Good Growth in Cold Weather

23 Good Growth in Cold Weather 2

24 Grazing for Heifers: A Possibility?

25 Grazing for Heifers, Making It Work

26 Newborn Health Starts at Calving

27 Healthy Calves: Doing a Few Things Very Well

28 Is Your Wash Water Hot Enough? Cold Weather Tips

29 Hot Weather and Post-Weaning Slump

30 Monitoring Calf Care: What To Do When Goals Are Not Met

31 More is Better: Ways To Get More Energy into Calves in Cold Weather

32 Dipping Navels

33 Newborn Calf Care

34 Newborn Calf Care 2

35 Scours from a Parasite

36 Storing Colostrum

37 Starter Grain Intake and Milk Feeding

38 Successful Passive Transfer

... continued



39 Transition Calf Feeding: Management Checklist

40 Transition Calf Housing Checklist

41 Using CMT to Check Colostrum Quality

42 Vaccinating Calves in Hot Weather

43 Washing Milk Containers Checklist

44 Washing Milk Containers / Lavando los Recipientes de la Leche

45 Water: An Essential Element For Growth

46 Calf Weaning Checklist

47 Weaning Calves: Four Management Strategies

48 Basics for Feeding More than One Pound of Milk Replacer a Day

49 Milk Feeding in an Intensive Feeding Program

50 Grain Feeding in an Intensive Feeding Program

51 Estimated Gains Feeding 20-20 Milk Replacer

52 Coliform Bacteria Growth Demonstration

53 Comparison Of Conventional and Intensive Calf Feeding Programs

54 HAACP Application: Managing Calf Diseases

55 Increasing Resistance to Pathogens

56 Intensive Preweaned Calf Feeding Program

57 Keeping Colostrum Clean

58 Monitoring Calf Care

59 Newborn Calf Care

... continued



60 Preventing, Diagnosing and Treating Calfhood Diseases

61 Preweaned Calf Health Checklist

62 Reducing Exposure to Pathogens

63 Estimated Gains Feeding 100 Pound Calves

64 Tube Feeding Colostrum

65 Colostrum Composition

66 Relationship between Refractometer Readings and Plasma IgG Levels

67 Disinfecting Navels and Calf Mortality

68 Consequences of Feeding Free-Choice Water to Pre-Weaned ReplacementHeifer Calves

69 Prevent Pneumonia in Young Calves

Calf Management 50



CalvingEase


Calving Ease Newsletter

01 Cold weather and newborn calves

02 Measuring and mixing milk replacer

03 Decontaminating feeding equipment

04 Heifer colostrum an overlooked resource

05 Mama’s white bread recipe

06 Water a vital element for calf growth

07 Beginning to eat starter grain

08 Aim for fewer pathogens at calving

09 Scours in two-week old calves

10 Quality of starter grain

11 Feed bunk space for heifers

12 Vaccination does not equal immunization

13 Cold weather and energy for calves

14 Biosecurity when the veterinarian works with calves

15 Newborn navel care

16 Accelerated growth: An elusive goal

17 Mastitis and flies

18 Coccidiosis and the three-week old calf

19 Using Electrolytes

20 Wholesome colostrum

21 Habits: good and bad

22 Maternal immune cells in colostrum

... continued


Calving Ease Newsletter - continued

23 Good colostrum management

24 Improving heifer handling (Part 1)

25 Improving heifer handling (Part 2)

26 The right water temperature

27 Colostrum - the four quart myth (Part 1 of 2)

28 Colostrum - the four quart myth (Part 2 of 2)

29 Value of colostrum feeding - fact and speculation

30 Are we achieving our goals? (Part 1: Measuring and Recording)

31 Are we achieving our goals? (Part 2: Summarizing and Analyzing)

32 Heat stress and calves

33 Abomasal ulcers

34 Scours: Make a list and check it twice

35 Coccidiosis and young calves

36 Coccidiostats and Murphy’s Law

37 Scours are NOT normal

38 Pooling colostrum

39 Calf care and husbandry

40 Bottle feeding

41 The 'only' way to feed calves

42 Little slipups add up

Calf Management 52



CalvingEase


Jim Quigley’s Calf Notes

01 Colostrum feeding - to nurse or not to nurse

02 Colostrum feeding - How much colostrum to feed?

03 Colostrum feeding - A primer on colostrum Ig

04 Water, water, everywhere...

05 Bacteria in the rumen

06 Methods of feeding liquid to calves

07 Computer or mob feeders for calves

08 Can I use waste milk for my calves?

09 When is a calf ready to wean?

10 Calf starter quality

11 Timing of colostrum feeding

12 Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidosis

13 Freezing and thawing colostrum

14 Navel disinfection

15 Ig absorption and respiratory acidosis

16 Stress at weaning

17 Coccidiosis - A technical review

18 Using colostral supplements

19 Does hay develop the rumen?

20 Ingredients for rumen development

21 Feeding scouring calves

22 Using the colostrometer to measure colostrum quality

... continued


Jim Quigley’s Calf Notes - continued

23 Soy proteins in milk replacers

24 The needle vs. the shovel

25 Reducing fly populations in calf hutches

26 What is the Bovine Alliance on Management & Nutrition?

27 How calf starter intake drives rumen development

28 Can I feed calves once a day?

29 Supplemental fat in liquid diets

30 Basics of calf housing

31 Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

32 Coccidiostats in calf starters

33 Measures of milk replacer quality

34 Intestinal mucins

35 Risks of using waste milk

36 Vitamin E in colostrum

37 New trends in milk replacer management

38 The 18 pound rule of colostrum feeding

39 Using the refractometer

40 Cost of milk vs. milk replacer

41 Antibiotics in milk replacers

42 What are scours?

43 Electrolytes for scouring calves

44 Fat levels in milk replacers

45 Vitamin A in milk replacer

46 Delays in colostrum feeding - effects on bacterial load

47 Palatability of calf starters

48 Rumen motility

49 Red blood cell protein in calf milk replacers

... continued



50 Colostral leukocytes

51 Colostrum from Johnes positive cows

52 Colostrum protein as a source of nutrition for the newborn calf

53 Milk replacer ingredients and labels

54 Insulin in colostrum

55 Blood BHBA in calves

56 Benefits of calf hutches for housing young dairy calves

57 The need to feed colostrum

58 Predicting calf starter intake in Holstein calves

59 Environmental effects on calf feeding - basic concepts

60 Transfer of immunoglobulins to the intestine

61 Effect of nutrient intake on growth in beef calves

62 Refractometers, FPT and age of calves

63 What is rumen abrasive value?

64 Does housing method influence calf behavior?

65 Dietary cation-anion balance in dairy calves

66 Chemical treatment of colostrum

67 An update on colostral IgG

68 Predicting water intake in young calves

69 Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

70 Glutamine and soy proteins in milk replacers

71 NRC energy requirements for calves fed milk or milk replacer

72 NRC energy requirements for calves fed milk or milk replacer plus starter

73 Colostrum & Antibiotic residue testing

74 Colostrum & growth of calves

75 Egg protein in calf milk replacers

76 Ig and biological safety

77 Methods of feeding water... continued



78 Prestarters and rumen development

79 A story about Pepe

80 Clostridium in calves

81 Colostrum supplements vs. colostrum replacers

82 Housing and behavior revisited

83 Using the esophageal feeder to administer colostrum

84 Accelerated feeding #1 - current feeding programs

85 Accelerated feeding #2 - limitations of current programs

86 Egg in milk replacers - an update

87 Calf feeding programs and control of brucellosis and tuberculosis

88 Feeding calves for health - Introduction

89 Evaluating the use of antibiotic alternatives

90 Iron binding antimicrobial proteins

91 Probiotics in calf feeding programs

92 Antibodies & passive transfer - Introduction

93 NAHMS Dairy 2002 study

Calf Management 56



CalvingEase


Penn State University’s Feeding the Newborn Dairy Calf

The Digestive System

Anatomy

Preruminant Digestion

Rumen Development

Colostrum

Quality

Quantity

Timing

Storage and Handling

Feeding Method

Evaluating Colostrum Management

Nutrient Requirements

Liquid Feeds

Milk Replacers

Whole Milk

Waste Milk

Fresh Colostrum

Fermented Colostrum

Feeding Amount

Weak or Sick Calves

Esophageal Feeder

Electrolyte Supplement

Dry Feed and Weaning

Calving TOC Calf Facts Ease Calf Notes - Canadian … · The navel and umbilical cord stump of...

Documents

Transcript of Calving TOC Calf Facts Ease Calf Notes - Canadian … · The navel and umbilical cord stump of...