Calorimeter and its types

Calorimeter and its typesPrepared By:Sumit Khachane

Overview:What is a Calorimeter?Types of calorimeter.

What is a Calorimeter?Acalorimeteris an apparatus for measuring the amount of heat involved in a chemical reaction or other process.A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a metal container full of water suspended above a combustion chamber.Types of Calorimeter:Adiabatic CalorimeterReaction CalorimeterBomb CalorimeterCalvet-type CalorimeterConstant-pressure calorimeterDifferential scanning CalorimeterIsothermal titration calorimeter

Adiabatic Calorimeter:

Anadiabaticcalorimeter is a calorimeter used to examine a runaway reaction.No adiabatic calorimeter is adiabatic - some heat will be lost by the sample to the sample holder.Since the calorimeter runs in an adiabatic environment, any heat generated by the material sample under test causes the sample to increase in temperature, thus fuelling the reaction.Adiabatic Calorimeter

Reaction Calorimeter:A reaction calorimeter is a calorimeter in which achemical reactionis initiated within a closed insulated container.This is the standard used in industry to measure heats since industrial processes are engineered to run at constant temperatures.Reaction calorimeter can also be used to determine maximum heat release rate for chemical process engineering and for tracking the global kinetics of reactions.Reaction Calorimeter:

Bomb Calorimeter:

A bomb calorimeter is a type of constant-volume calorimeter used in measuring the heat of combustion of a particular reaction.Bomb calorimeters have to withstand the large pressure within the calorimeter as the reaction is being measured.Electrical energy is used to ignite the fuel as the fuel is burning, it will heat up the surrounding air, which expands and escapes through a tube that leads the air out of the calorimeter.Bomb Calorimeter:

Calvet-type calorimeters:The detection is based on a three-dimensional flux meter sensor.The flux meter element consists of a ring of several thermocouples in series.For Calvet-type calorimeters, a specific calibration, so calledJoule effector electrical calibration, has been developed to overcome all the problems encountered by a calibration done with standard materials.

Constant-pressure calorimeter:

Aconstant-pressure calorimetermeasures the change inenthalpyof a reaction occurring insolutionduring which theatmospheric pressureremains constant.The measurement of heat using a simple calorimeter, like the coffee cup calorimeter, is an example of constant-pressure calorimetry.

Differential scanning calorimeter

In adifferential scanning calorimeter,heat flowinto a sampleusually contained in a smallaluminumcapsule or panis measured differentially, i.e., by comparing it to the flow into an empty reference pan.The flow of heat into the sample is larger because of itsheat capacity

Isothermal titration calorimeter:

In anisothermaltitrationcalorimeter, the heat of reaction is used to follow a titration experiment.The technique is gaining in importance particularly in the field ofbiochemistry , because it facilitates determination of substrate binding toenzymes.

Isothermal titration calorimeter:

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