Calorie and protein needsCalorie and protein needsI need ______g of protein/day.List 3 factors that you think influence protein

needs.I need _____calories/dayList 3 factors that you think influence calorie

needs.What are your primary sources of protein?

Calorie and protein needsCalorie and protein needsI need ______calories/day.List 3 factors that you think influence calorie

needs.Age, health, activity, genetics, BMR, genderI need _____grams of protein/dayList 3 factors that you think influence protein

needs.◦ Age, health, activity, protein quality, overall dietary

intake, genetics…???What are your primary sources of protein?

The grams of protein needed by most is ~ half The grams of protein needed by most is ~ half our weight in pounds. We get this from plant our weight in pounds. We get this from plant

or animal sources.or animal sources.

7-8 g in an egg

7-8 g/oz meat or cheese

7-8 g per ½ C beans

8 g/Cup soy milk

Question of the DayYou have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein?a.Convert it into glycogenb.Convert it into storage proteinc.Make it into fatd.Excrete it in the urinee.Store it as ATP

Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2

ProteinJust One of the Essential Nutrients

Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2

Take it off its pedestal!Balance it with other nutrients

Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2

Take it off its pedestal!Balance it with other nutrients

Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2

Take it off its pedestal!Balance it with other nutrients

Protein is……Protein is……non-preferred glucose and nrg source

In most foods except fats/oils and fruit. Typical US diet is hi pro

made of _____ ____ (AA) Twenty common AA

Nine essential (EAA) Rest non-essential (NEAA)

All AA’s contain nitrogen (an amino NH2 group)

Amino Acid (AA) StructureAmino Acid (AA) Structure

Amino Group Acid Group (NH2)

R group Unique to each AA

If we can’t make the ‘R’ group, then AA is essentialN is from the

air we breathe

Amino Acids Amino Acids Protein ProteinChains of AAs make up proteinsAA type/order determine protein functionDNA

◦holds blueprint for type/order of AAs◦ is located in _____ of cell◦codes for ALL body proteins

Part of DNA turned on, depends on cell’s job Gene= DNA segment that codes for specific

protein (i.e. Insulin, thyroxine, enzymes, etc.)

Protein on the JobProtein on the JobEnzymes Some Hormones

Insulin

Protein on the JobProtein on the JobEnzymes Some Hormones Transporters (Hgb) AntibodiesBlood clotting proteinsWater balance

Insulin

Protein on the JobProtein on the JobEnzymes Some Hormones Transporters (Hgb) AntibodiesBlood clotting proteinsWater balancePart of muscles, organs, connective tissueNon-preferred job of protein energy

glucose

Top priorities of body:1. Energy2. Glucose

When needed, protein is used for nrg or glucose, before used to make body proteins.

Points to ponder about protein…Points to ponder about protein…1. A chicken thigh is mostly ____ by weight.2. Protein is absorbed into the blood as______.3. A protein supplement is needed to build muscle. 4. Low protein intake is common in the US?5. Where does the nitrogen in protein come from?6. How does restricting carbs impact protein need?7. Why is protein a NON-preferred fuel? 8. What are some consequences of a high protein

diet?

Excess diet protein-consequencesExcess diet protein-consequencesAmino group must be excreted in urine

◦ Increase need for water◦Extra kidney work◦Saturated fat?

Remainder of AA is converted to◦Glucose if needed◦Body fat if extra calories

How much protein do we store?How much protein do we store?Body nrg stores of 70 kg/154 lb male Fuel Type Fat calories stored

10% body fat 20% body fatFat 63,000 126,000Glycogen liver 300-400 300-400 muscle 1200-1600 1200-160Glucose 100 100

Protein is Protein is NOTNOT stored!!! stored!!!Body nrg stores of 70 kg/154 lb male Fuel Type Fat calories stored

10% body fat 20% body fatFat 63,000 126,000Glycogen liver 300-400 300-400 muscle 1200-1600 1200-160Glucose 100 100

Question of the DayYou have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein?a.Convert it into glycogenb.Convert it into storage proteinc.Make it into fatd.Excrete it in the urinee.Store it as ATP

What might be some problems due to inadequateprotein intake?

Hint: Review the jobs of protein in the body

Review: Jobs of proteinReview: Jobs of protein

Enzymes Some Hormones Transporters (Hgb) AntibodiesBlood clotting proteinsWater balancePart of muscles, organs, connective tissueNon-preferred use of protein glucose

energy

Insulin

Protein Deficiency DiseasesProtein Deficiency DiseasesKwashiorkor

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor Kwashiorkor •Inefficient use of protein and fat •Bloated belly•Edema - abnormal storage of water in body

Marasmus Marasmus

◦Primary form of malnutrition globally◦Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) ◦Less developed countries……starvation◦Developed countries…..anorexic, cancer patients, end stage AIDS◦Emaciated appearance

Assume:You have met your daily calorie needs. You have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms.What will your body do with the extra protein.a.Convert it into glycogenb.Convert into a storage proteinc.Make it into fat and energyd.Make it into carbohydratee.Store it as ATP

Do you need to change your answer?