CALL for a New Literacy: New Tools and Rules of Engagement

Fall 2007 Michael Krauss - Russian Far East 1

CALL for a New Literacy: CALL for a New Literacy: New Tools and Rules of EngagementNew Tools and Rules of Engagement

I am always doing what I cannot do yet, I am always doing what I cannot do yet,

in order to learn how to do it.in order to learn how to do it.

Vincent Van GoghVincent Van Gogh


Keeping the Students In MindKeeping the Students In Mind

During this plenary, we will:During this plenary, we will: Reconsider the meaning of literacy in today’s worldReconsider the meaning of literacy in today’s world Consider our teaching objectives in light of the new literacy Consider our teaching objectives in light of the new literacy Ask how CALL (and Web 2.0 specifically) can be exploitedAsk how CALL (and Web 2.0 specifically) can be exploited Examine the role ELTs can play in this digital information ageExamine the role ELTs can play in this digital information age


10 Questions to Consider 10 Questions to Consider

1. What does it mean to be literate in today’s world?1. What does it mean to be literate in today’s world?

2. What skills must ELLs possess to be literate?2. What skills must ELLs possess to be literate?

3. How can ELTs best help ELLs attain literacy?3. How can ELTs best help ELLs attain literacy?

4. What role can CALL (and the Internet) play in 4. What role can CALL (and the Internet) play in achieving literacy for our students?achieving literacy for our students?

5. What are some challenges in using the Web with 5. What are some challenges in using the Web with ELLs (generally, and in Russia specifically)?ELLs (generally, and in Russia specifically)?


10 Questions to Consider 10 Questions to Consider

6. What is Web 2.0?6. What is Web 2.0?

7. How can Web 2.0 tools be used with ELLs?7. How can Web 2.0 tools be used with ELLs?

8. Is Web 2.0 use consistent with current ELT 8. Is Web 2.0 use consistent with current ELT methods and with a new literacy? methods and with a new literacy?

9. What steps can ELTs take to integrate the Internet 9. What steps can ELTs take to integrate the Internet into the classroom?into the classroom?

10. What can you take from the plenary today that 10. What can you take from the plenary today that will change what you do in the classroom? will change what you do in the classroom?


Why is literacy changing?Why is literacy changing?

Global shift from industrial economy to Global shift from industrial economy to information economyinformation economy

Reading/writing forms = more complex » Literacy Reading/writing forms = more complex » Literacy = more complex = more complex

Digital forms of reading/writing are replacing Digital forms of reading/writing are replacing printed forms of reading/writingprinted forms of reading/writing– Ex: Obsolescence of typewriterEx: Obsolescence of typewriter– Ex: Ubiquitous nature of emailEx: Ubiquitous nature of email– Ex: Decreased importance of handwriting/increased Ex: Decreased importance of handwriting/increased

importance of typing (voice recognition in future)importance of typing (voice recognition in future)


What are two types of literacy?What are two types of literacy?Warschauer has identified two broad categories of literacy:Warschauer has identified two broad categories of literacy: Academic Literacy - competencies related to academic Academic Literacy - competencies related to academic

work (note taking, summarizing, researching, critical work (note taking, summarizing, researching, critical reading, etc.)reading, etc.)

Digital LiteracyDigital Literacy– Computer Literacy - ability to operate a computerComputer Literacy - ability to operate a computer– Information Literacy - ability to access, understand, organize and Information Literacy - ability to access, understand, organize and

archive digital informationarchive digital information– Multimedia Literacy - ability to create materials using digital Multimedia Literacy - ability to create materials using digital

resources (texts, images, audio, video)resources (texts, images, audio, video)– CMC (Computer-mediated communication literacy) - ability to CMC (Computer-mediated communication literacy) - ability to

communicate orally and in writing online (email, chat, instant communicate orally and in writing online (email, chat, instant messaging, audio/video conferencing, etc.)messaging, audio/video conferencing, etc.)


What is one reason our students need What is one reason our students need to attain this new literacy?to attain this new literacy?

"The need for technologically "The need for technologically literate citizens and workers literate citizens and workers increases every year. Skilled increases every year. Skilled people in the 21st century people in the 21st century need to understand how to use need to understand how to use technology tools. . . These technology tools. . . These tools enable people to perform tools enable people to perform effectively at work and in their effectively at work and in their daily lives. . . "daily lives. . . " Learning for the 21st Century, Partnership for 21st Century Learning for the 21st Century, Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2003, p.10-11Skills, 2003, p.10-11


Is there another reason?Is there another reason?

““In our Information Age In our Information Age twenty-first century society, twenty-first century society, knowledge is the coin of the knowledge is the coin of the realm and the ability to realm and the ability to think critically is a think critically is a prerequisite for democratic prerequisite for democratic participation.”participation.”

Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Literacy,Technology, Literacy,Technology, and Diversityand Diversity. 2007, p. vi. 2007, p. vi


And more?And more?

There are many sociological implications of digital There are many sociological implications of digital literacy:literacy:

Government - Impact on shaping of public opinion and Government - Impact on shaping of public opinion and formulation of policyformulation of policy

Law - Impact on concepts of intellectual property, copyright, Law - Impact on concepts of intellectual property, copyright, plagiarismplagiarism

Economics - Transformation of commerce; how people make Economics - Transformation of commerce; how people make purchases and manage financespurchases and manage finances

Mass Communication - How information is collected and Mass Communication - How information is collected and disseminateddisseminated

Education - How texts are produced and used; role of teachersEducation - How texts are produced and used; role of teachers

Aviram, A. & Eshet-Alkalai, Y. Aviram, A. & Eshet-Alkalai, Y. Towards a Theory of Digital Literacy: Three Scenarios for the Next Steps.Towards a Theory of Digital Literacy: Three Scenarios for the Next Steps. http://www.http://www.eurodleurodl.org/materials/contrib/2006/Aharon_Aviram..org/materials/contrib/2006/Aharon_Aviram.htmhtm


And finally? And finally? Technology applied appropriately in the classroom Technology applied appropriately in the classroom

prepares students to deal with dynamic systems.prepares students to deal with dynamic systems. World problems involve dynamic systems!World problems involve dynamic systems!

Ex: St. research Q: Why is polar bear population declining?Ex: St. research Q: Why is polar bear population declining? Students Students don’tdon’t need to memorize information on p. xyz need to memorize information on p. xyz Students Students dodo need to gather information from multiple sources need to gather information from multiple sources

(textbook, library, Internet, personal interviews, etc.) (textbook, library, Internet, personal interviews, etc.) Evaluate & synthesize data to understand Evaluate & synthesize data to understand interrelationshipsinterrelationships.. Ask how these interrelationships inform their research issueAsk how these interrelationships inform their research issue Ex. Drive a car, emit COEx. Drive a car, emit CO22, contribute to global warming, melt , contribute to global warming, melt

polar ice caps, polar bears lose habitat. What should we do??polar ice caps, polar bears lose habitat. What should we do??

Proposed Video-Game School Gets $1.1 Million Boost Heather Chaplin Proposed Video-Game School Gets $1.1 Million Boost Heather Chaplin All Things Considered, June 21, 2007All Things Considered, June 21, 2007

http://www.http://www.nprnpr.org/templates/story/story..org/templates/story/story.phpphp??storyId=11259040storyId=11259040


What digital literacy reading skills are required?What digital literacy reading skills are required?

Find appropriate information Find appropriate information by searching the Internetby searching the Internet

Locate the information on the Locate the information on the Web site/pageWeb site/page

Comprehend the informationComprehend the information Evaluate the source of Evaluate the source of

informationinformation Determine whether to follow Determine whether to follow

hyperlinkshyperlinks Decide whether and how to Decide whether and how to

save/catalog informationsave/catalog information

Warschauer, M. (2001). Millennialism and media: Language, literacy, and technology in the 21st century. AILA Review 14, 49-59.


What digital literacy writing skills are required?What digital literacy writing skills are required? Choose the best vehicle for Choose the best vehicle for

publication (email, discussion list, publication (email, discussion list, web page, blog, wiki, etc.) web page, blog, wiki, etc.)

Incorporate text, graphics, audio, and Incorporate text, graphics, audio, and video into multimedia pages for the video into multimedia pages for the WebWeb

Create and make effective use of Create and make effective use of hypertext links to convey the messagehypertext links to convey the message

Tailor the writing to an Internet Tailor the writing to an Internet audience that may be largely audience that may be largely unknownunknown

Use appropriate pragmatic strategies Use appropriate pragmatic strategies for the intended electronic forumfor the intended electronic forum

Ensure that writing is free of Ensure that writing is free of plagiarized materialsplagiarized materials

Warschauer, M. (2001). Millennialism and media: Language, literacy, and technology in the 21st century. AILA Review 14, 49-59.


Challenges of Integrating the InternetChallenges of Integrating the InternetWhat about the chaos?What about the chaos?

There was a doctor, a civil There was a doctor, a civil engineer, and a computer scientist engineer, and a computer scientist sitting around late one evening, and sitting around late one evening, and they got to discussing which was they got to discussing which was the oldest profession. The doctor the oldest profession. The doctor pointed out that according to pointed out that according to Biblical tradition, God created Eve Biblical tradition, God created Eve from Adam's rib. This obviously from Adam's rib. This obviously required surgery, so therefore hers required surgery, so therefore hers was the oldest profession in the was the oldest profession in the world.world.


Challenges of Integrating the InternetChallenges of Integrating the InternetWhat about the chaos?What about the chaos?

The engineer countered The engineer countered with an earlier passage in with an earlier passage in the Bible that stated that the Bible that stated that God created order from God created order from the chaos, and that was the chaos, and that was most certainly the biggest most certainly the biggest and best civil engineering and best civil engineering example ever, and also example ever, and also proved that his profession proved that his profession was the oldest profession.was the oldest profession.


Challenges of Integrating the InternetChallenges of Integrating the Internet What about the chaos? What about the chaos?

The computer scientist The computer scientist leaned back in his leaned back in his chair, and with a sly chair, and with a sly smile responded, "Yes, smile responded, "Yes, but who do you think but who do you think created the chaos?”created the chaos?”

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So, if using computers/Internet does create some “chaos” So, if using computers/Internet does create some “chaos” or at least adds a burden of risk, uncertainty and extra or at least adds a burden of risk, uncertainty and extra responsibility on the ESOL teacher, why do so?responsibility on the ESOL teacher, why do so?

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Because with the correct pedagogy,Because with the correct pedagogy,use of the Internet helps the classroom come use of the Internet helps the classroom come

ALIVEALIVE AAuthenticity (unlimited access to authentic materials, uthenticity (unlimited access to authentic materials,

communication and publishing)communication and publishing) LLiteracy (read, write, communicate, research & publish on iteracy (read, write, communicate, research & publish on

Internet = 21st century literacy)Internet = 21st century literacy) IInteraction (key to acquiring fluency; Internet provides nteraction (key to acquiring fluency; Internet provides

stimulus and opportunity)stimulus and opportunity) VVitality (flexible, modern medium; provides opportunity itality (flexible, modern medium; provides opportunity

for meaningful, relevant work)for meaningful, relevant work) EEmpowerment (mastery allows teachers and students to mpowerment (mastery allows teachers and students to

become lifelong learners).become lifelong learners).Internet for English Teaching, Warschauer, Shetzer & Meloni, TESOL, 2000.Internet for English Teaching, Warschauer, Shetzer & Meloni, TESOL, 2000.


Because CALL (and Internet) help Because CALL (and Internet) help develop digital and academic literacydevelop digital and academic literacy

Technological tools Technological tools cancan exert a powerful impact on exert a powerful impact on literacy development and literacy development and overall academic overall academic achievement when they are achievement when they are harnessed to a pedagogy harnessed to a pedagogy that that engages students engages students affectively, cognitively, affectively, cognitively, and imaginatively.and imaginatively.

Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Literacy,Technology, and DiversityLiteracy,Technology, and Diversity . 2007, p. 4. 2007, p. 4


What would that pedagogy look like?What would that pedagogy look like?THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC EXPERTISETHE DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC EXPERTISE

Teacher-Student

Interactions

MaximumCognitiveEngagement

MaximumIdentityInvestment

Focus on Language

•Awareness of language forms and uses Critical analysis of language forms and uses

Focus on Meaning

•Making input comprehensible• Developing critical literacy

Focus on Use

Using language to: Generate new knowledge Create literature and art Act on social realities

Adapted from J. Cummins, Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society


Can you sum up?Can you sum up?If technology is integrated into the If technology is integrated into the classroom using a pedagogy that meets classroom using a pedagogy that meets students’ cognitive, affective and students’ cognitive, affective and imaginative needs, it will help students:imaginative needs, it will help students:

1. To become proficient language users, 1. To become proficient language users, able to communicate via 21st century able to communicate via 21st century media.media.

2. To become successful in the workplace.2. To become successful in the workplace. 3. To become engaged, critical thinking, 3. To become engaged, critical thinking,

participatory citizens of the world.participatory citizens of the world.


Has computer/Internet use in Russia grown?Has computer/Internet use in Russia grown?

Russia 2004Russia 2004 14.9 million users14.9 million users 14% Internet users14% Internet users

Russia 2006Russia 2006 24.3 million users 24.3 million users 21% Internet users21% Internet users

http://bd.english.fom.ru/report/map/ocherk/eint0602/printable/


How does the Russian Far-East compare?How does the Russian Far-East compare?

http://bd.english.fom.ru/report/map/ocherk/eint0602/printable/


What about future Internet What about future Internet growth in Russia?growth in Russia?

According to ITC Ministry in 2007:According to ITC Ministry in 2007: 70% now have mobile phones70% now have mobile phones Computer growth rate highest in world last yearComputer growth rate highest in world last year Internet user growth increased by 21% last yearInternet user growth increased by 21% last year 50% will have Internet access by 201050% will have Internet access by 2010 Entire country wired for Internet by 2015Entire country wired for Internet by 2015What about Web 2.0 use?What about Web 2.0 use? 12 million LiveJournal users (blog on ZheZhe)12 million LiveJournal users (blog on ZheZhe)

http://www.spacemart.com/reports/All_Of_Russia_Will_Have_Internet_And_Phone_Access_999.html

http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070312/arutunyan


What is Web 2.0? What is Web 2.0? Coined by Tim O’Reilly (7 characteristics)Coined by Tim O’Reilly (7 characteristics) Services, not packaged software (Ex. Google not Services, not packaged software (Ex. Google not

sold or packaged but delivered as a service)sold or packaged but delivered as a service) Harness collective intelligence (Ex. Blogging and Harness collective intelligence (Ex. Blogging and

Wikis with RSS = “global brain”)Wikis with RSS = “global brain”) Data is the next “Intel Inside.” Unique database is Data is the next “Intel Inside.” Unique database is

key (Ex. Amazon harnesses customer info)key (Ex. Amazon harnesses customer info) The Long Tail - Web applications that appeal to a The Long Tail - Web applications that appeal to a

wide market (Ex. Ebay is broker for even very wide market (Ex. Ebay is broker for even very small transactions)small transactions)

http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=1


What are some examples of What are some examples of Web 1.0Web 1.0 Web 2.0Web 2.0??

Personal Web sitePersonal Web site Encarta OnlineEncarta Online Photo sharing (Ofoto)Photo sharing (Ofoto) IKeepBookmarks.com IKeepBookmarks.com

(taxonomy)(taxonomy) Manual Web site Manual Web site

monitoringmonitoring Text-based discussion Text-based discussion

forum (Nicenet)forum (Nicenet) Posting audio/video to Posting audio/video to

personal sitepersonal site

Blogs and WikisBlogs and WikisWikipediaWikipediaFlikrFlikrdel.icio.us (tagging = del.icio.us (tagging = folksonomy)folksonomy)RSS (Real Simple Syndication) RSS (Real Simple Syndication)

subscriptionsubscriptionAudio-based discussion forum Audio-based discussion forum

(Chingswing) (Chingswing) Podcasting, videoblogging Podcasting, videoblogging (YouTube, TeacherTube)(YouTube, TeacherTube)


Can you put it into a simple statementCan you put it into a simple statement??If we consider the Internet to be a If we consider the Internet to be a type of “type of “Broadcast NetworkBroadcast Network,” ,” Web 1.0 would be more about the Web 1.0 would be more about the ““BroadcastBroadcast” aspect and Web 2.0 ” aspect and Web 2.0 would be more about the would be more about the ““NetworkNetwork” aspect.” aspect.

Web 1.0 was more about Web 1.0 was more about information dissemination, while information dissemination, while Web 2.0 is more conducive to Web 2.0 is more conducive to information enrichment and information enrichment and exploitation, social networking, exploitation, social networking, collaboration and the creation of collaboration and the creation of communities of practice.communities of practice.


Is the public jumping on the Web 2.0 bandwagon?Is the public jumping on the Web 2.0 bandwagon?WikipediaWikipedia v. Encarta Onlinev. Encarta Online

http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/189/report_display.asp


Can you show me some Web 2.0 Can you show me some Web 2.0 uses in language teaching/learning?uses in language teaching/learning?

http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=7097425b52fc7afbb696

Click photo for video by Graham StanleyClick photo for video by Graham Stanley


Can you show me a student blog?Can you show me a student blog?Academic PostingAcademic Posting

http://sayaka-yamatonadeshiko.blogspot.com/


What does it mean to subscribe to a blog? What is RSS?What does it mean to subscribe to a blog? What is RSS?Personal PostingPersonal Posting

http://sayaka-yamatonadeshiko.blogspot.com/


Can you show me a class Wiki?Can you show me a class Wiki?

http://aessum2007.pbwiki.com/


What’s an example of social bookmarking What’s an example of social bookmarking and tagging? (del.icio.us)and tagging? (del.icio.us)

http://del.icio.us/michael_krauss/plenary_vladivostok_2007


What’s a tag cloud? (del.icio.us)What’s a tag cloud? (del.icio.us)

http://del.icio.us/michael_krauss?settagsort=alpha


Has Web 2.0 spawned copyright flexibility?Has Web 2.0 spawned copyright flexibility?Creative CommonsCreative Commons

http://search.creativecommons.org/


Is Web 2.0 use consistent with current ELT Is Web 2.0 use consistent with current ELT

methods and the new literacy?methods and the new literacy? Warschauer in “The Death of Cyberspace and the Rebirth of CALL”Warschauer in “The Death of Cyberspace and the Rebirth of CALL”

http://www.gse.uci.edu/faculty/markw/cyberspace.html


What are some of the constructivist What are some of the constructivist learning principles?learning principles?

Learners actively engage in creating meaning for Learners actively engage in creating meaning for themselves from information around them.themselves from information around them.

Learners construct new understandings using Learners construct new understandings using pre-existing knowledge (schema).pre-existing knowledge (schema).

Learners build knowledge through individual Learners build knowledge through individual experiences and social interactions.experiences and social interactions.

Learners are not passive recipients of knowledge Learners are not passive recipients of knowledge given them by others.given them by others.


What are some basic characteristics What are some basic characteristics of socio-cognitive learning theory? of socio-cognitive learning theory?

Vygotsky (1896-1934)Vygotsky (1896-1934) Focus on social aspect of cognition (often Focus on social aspect of cognition (often

contrasted with Piaget)contrasted with Piaget) Social interactions are primary source of cognition Social interactions are primary source of cognition

and behaviorand behavior Learning optimized by interactions and Learning optimized by interactions and

collaboration with adults or more capable peers.collaboration with adults or more capable peers. Incremental learning through social interaction Incremental learning through social interaction

with a more skilled parent/teacher/peer referred to with a more skilled parent/teacher/peer referred to as “ Zone of Proximal Development”as “ Zone of Proximal Development”


So, what design criteria should be So, what design criteria should be applied when creating CALL activities? applied when creating CALL activities?

Ask yourself these 6 questions:Ask yourself these 6 questions: Does the technology-supported instruction. . .Does the technology-supported instruction. . .

1. provide cognitive challenge and opportunites 1. provide cognitive challenge and opportunites for deep processing of meaning?for deep processing of meaning?

2. relate instruction to prior knowledge and 2. relate instruction to prior knowledge and experiences derived from students’ homes and experiences derived from students’ homes and communities?communities?

3. promote active self-regulated collaborative 3. promote active self-regulated collaborative inquiry?inquiry?

Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Literacy,Technology, and DiversityLiteracy,Technology, and Diversity . 2007, p. 109.. 2007, p. 109.


So, what design criteria should be So, what design criteria should be applied when creating CALL activities? applied when creating CALL activities?

Ask yourself these 6 questions:Ask yourself these 6 questions: Does the technology-supported instruction. . .Does the technology-supported instruction. . .

4. promote extensive engaged reading and writing 4. promote extensive engaged reading and writing across the curriculum?across the curriculum?

5. help students develop strategies for effective 5. help students develop strategies for effective reading, writing, and learning?reading, writing, and learning?

6. Promote affective involvement and identity 6. Promote affective involvement and identity investment on the part of the students?investment on the part of the students?

Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Cummins, Brown and Sayers: Literacy,Technology, and DiversityLiteracy,Technology, and Diversity . 2007, p. 110.. 2007, p. 110.


So, universal access itself doesn’t So, universal access itself doesn’t guarantee success?guarantee success?

The quality of their Internet-The quality of their Internet-based assignments was poor based assignments was poor and uninspiring. They want to and uninspiring. They want to be assigned more--and more be assigned more--and more engaging--Internet activities engaging--Internet activities that are relevant to their lives.that are relevant to their lives.

The digital disconnect: the widening gap between internet-savvy students and their schools. Available online at: http://www.pewinternet.org/reports/toc.asp?Report=67


So what is the critical link to So what is the critical link to make this all work? make this all work?

Internet is more than Internet is more than computer networkcomputer network

Internet is a network of Internet is a network of peoplepeople

Unparalleled ability to Unparalleled ability to collaboratecollaborate

Universal Internet access Universal Internet access does not guarantee success does not guarantee success in education in education

Teachers are the Teachers are the critical linkscritical links


What should my role be?What should my role be? Teacher should not be a sage on Teacher should not be a sage on

the stagethe stage Teacher should not be a guide Teacher should not be a guide

on the sideon the side Teacher should be an expert Teacher should be an expert

learnerlearner Teacher should be part of the Teacher should be part of the

learning processlearning process Teacher should model learning Teacher should model learning

for the studentsfor the students Teacher should help students Teacher should help students

construct new knowledgeconstruct new knowledge ----Tom CarrollTom Carroll

http://www.ncl.ac.uk/math/assets/photos/group_computer.jpg


What kind of training is most effective?What kind of training is most effective?

Opportunities to explore, reflect, Opportunities to explore, reflect, collaborate with peers, work on collaborate with peers, work on authentic learning tasks, and engage in authentic learning tasks, and engage in hands-on, active learning. In essence, hands-on, active learning. In essence, the principles for creating successful the principles for creating successful learning environments for children learning environments for children apply to teachers as well.apply to teachers as well.

Cradler, J. (2002-2003). Effective Integration. Learning and Leading with Technology 30 (4) 49-56. Available online at: http://caret.iste.org/caretadmin/resources_documents/30_4.pdf


Integrating the Internet into the ClassroomIntegrating the Internet into the Classroomhttp://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/usia/http://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/usia/


Tapped In Tapped In http://ti2.sri.com/tappedin/http://ti2.sri.com/tappedin/


Webheads in Action Webheads in Action http://www.geocities.com/vance_stevens/papers/evonline2002/webheads.htmhttp://www.geocities.com/vance_stevens/papers/evonline2002/webheads.htm


Can you inspire me with something funny?Can you inspire me with something funny?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guELpieYlFU


Could CALL help?Could CALL help?

Web 2.0 (YouTube Video)

http://international.ouc.bc.ca/pronunciation/minpair1.html

Minimal Pairs Drill

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF7UcpO5vF4


Can you inspire me with a Can you inspire me with a humanitarian project using Web 2.0?humanitarian project using Web 2.0?

http://www.kiva.org


Can you show me more about Kiva?Can you show me more about Kiva?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGGT1eYPTeM


Can we climb the hill to Can we climb the hill to 21st century literacy?21st century literacy?


Yes! In communities of practice. . .Yes! In communities of practice. . .step by step!step by step!


Knowledge is of no value unless you Knowledge is of no value unless you put it into practice.put it into practice.

Anton ChekhovAnton Chekhovwww.mssu.edu/international/ russia/russiasem.htm

CALL for a New Literacy: CALL for a New Literacy: New Tools and Rules of EngagementNew Tools and Rules of Engagement

CALL for a New Literacy: New Tools and Rules of Engagement

Technology

Transcript of CALL for a New Literacy: New Tools and Rules of Engagement