Standard 8.9.5Standard 8.9.5Analyze the significance of the States’ Rights Doctrine, the Missouri Analyze the significance of the States’ Rights Doctrine, the Missouri

Compromise (1820), the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Compromise (1820), the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay’s role in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay’s role in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857),

and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858).and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858).

By: Stephanie HuynhBy: Stephanie HuynhFor: Period DFor: Period D HaskvitzHaskvitz

State’s Rights DoctrineState’s Rights Doctrine►     When the States’ Rights Doctrine When the States’ Rights Doctrine

was drawn to protect the rights and was drawn to protect the rights and powers of the states against those powers of the states against those of the federal government, the 13 of the federal government, the 13 American states ratified the United American states ratified the United States Constitution. Historically, the States Constitution. Historically, the doctrine has been invoked by doctrine has been invoked by states in every section of the states in every section of the country whenever they have felt country whenever they have felt their jurisdiction threatened. One their jurisdiction threatened. One extreme case of The States’ Rights extreme case of The States’ Rights Doctrine was that in 1860 and Doctrine was that in 1860 and 1861, 11 Southern states carried 1861, 11 Southern states carried the states’ rights to the point of the states’ rights to the point of seceding from the Union. However, seceding from the Union. However, their defeat in the Civil War put an their defeat in the Civil War put an end to this extreme interpretation end to this extreme interpretation of states’ rights, but it is still of states’ rights, but it is still generally agreed that the states generally agreed that the states have a jurisdiction which the have a jurisdiction which the federal government has no right to federal government has no right to invade. invade.

Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri Compromise (1820)► An agreement passed 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-An agreement passed 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-

slavery factions in the United States, involving primarily the slavery factions in the United States, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery north of the 36`30` border of the Arkansas territory slavery north of the 36`30` border of the Arkansas territory (excluding Missouri).(excluding Missouri).

Wilmot Proviso (1846)Wilmot Proviso (1846)► The Wilmot Proviso, first suggested on August The Wilmot Proviso, first suggested on August

8, 1846 in the House of Representatives and 8, 1846 in the House of Representatives and attached to many bills in the U.S. Congress, attached to many bills in the U.S. Congress, would have outlawed slavery in any territory would have outlawed slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico by the United States as acquired from Mexico by the United States as a result of the recently begun Mexican-a result of the recently begun Mexican-American War. The proviso, which was never American War. The proviso, which was never passed, was named for Congressman David passed, was named for Congressman David Wilmot, a Democrat from Pennsylvania. The Wilmot, a Democrat from Pennsylvania. The Free Soil Party formed in support of the Free Soil Party formed in support of the Wilmot Proviso, and their platform of Free Soil Wilmot Proviso, and their platform of Free Soil was later adopted by the Republican Party, was later adopted by the Republican Party, which Wilmot helped begin.which Wilmot helped begin.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850► A series of Congressional legislative A series of Congressional legislative

measures addressing slavery and measures addressing slavery and the boundaries of territories the boundaries of territories acquired during the Mexican-acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). IN five American War (1846-1848). IN five laws balancing the interests of the laws balancing the interests of the slaveholding states of the American slaveholding states of the American South and the free states, California South and the free states, California was admitted as a free state, Texas was admitted as a free state, Texas received financial compensation for received financial compensation for relinquishing claim to lands West of relinquishing claim to lands West of the Rio Grande, the United States the Rio Grande, the United States territory of New Mexico (including territory of New Mexico (including present-day Arizona and Utah) was present-day Arizona and Utah) was organized without any specific organized without any specific prohibition of slavery, the slave prohibition of slavery, the slave trade( but now slavery itself) was trade( but now slavery itself) was abolished in Washington, D.C., and abolished in Washington, D.C., and the stringent Fugitive Slave Law the stringent Fugitive Slave Law was passed, requiring all U.S. was passed, requiring all U.S. citizens to assist in the return of citizens to assist in the return of runaway slaves.runaway slaves.

Henry ClayHenry Clay► A leading American statesman A leading American statesman

and orator who served in both and orator who served in both the House of Representatives the House of Representatives and Senate. He was the and Senate. He was the founder and leader of the Whig founder and leader of the Whig Party, the leading advocate of Party, the leading advocate of programs for modernizing the programs for modernizing the economy (such as canals, economy (such as canals, railroads and banks). Although railroads and banks). Although his multiple attempts at the his multiple attempts at the presidency failed, he , to a presidency failed, he , to a large extent defined the issues large extent defined the issues of the Second Party System. He of the Second Party System. He was known as the Great was known as the Great Compromiser because of his Compromiser because of his success in brokering success in brokering compromises on the slavery compromises on the slavery issue, especially in the Missouri issue, especially in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.Compromise of 1850.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) CauseCause

► A United States federal law A United States federal law passed on May 30, 1854, passed on May 30, 1854, organizing a territorial organizing a territorial government for the lands that government for the lands that later became the states of later became the states of Kansas and Nebraska. Kansas and Nebraska. Opponents saw it as the Opponents saw it as the triumph of the Slave Power and triumph of the Slave Power and formed the new Republican formed the new Republican Party to defeat it.. Generally Party to defeat it.. Generally the Act was created in hopes of the Act was created in hopes of satisfying both the North and satisfying both the North and the South while still expanding the South while still expanding to the West.to the West.

EffectEffect► Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Results of the Kansas-Nebraska

Act were numerous and Act were numerous and probably sped up the coming of probably sped up the coming of the Civil War. The Act itself the Civil War. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. The Compromise of 1850. The Democratic Party was section Democratic Party was section ally split by the Kansas-ally split by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Act also gave Nebraska Act. The Act also gave birth to the Republican party birth to the Republican party and split the Know-Nothing and split the Know-Nothing party Eventually a new anti-party Eventually a new anti-slavery constitution was drawn slavery constitution was drawn up. On January 29,1861, Kansas up. On January 29,1861, Kansas was admitted to the Union as a was admitted to the Union as a free state. Nebraska was free state. Nebraska was admitted to the Union as a state admitted to the Union as a state after the Civil War in 1867.after the Civil War in 1867.

Dred Scott v. Sanford DecisionDred Scott v. Sanford Decision(1857)(1857)

► Dred Scott sued his previous owner’s Dred Scott sued his previous owner’s widow for his freedom on the basis of widow for his freedom on the basis of his former residence in a free state and his former residence in a free state and a free territory, Illinois and Wisconsin. In a free territory, Illinois and Wisconsin. In the course of the suit, Scott became the course of the suit, Scott became legally the property of John F. A. Sanford legally the property of John F. A. Sanford of New York. That is why Dred Scott v. of New York. That is why Dred Scott v. Sanford Decision came into being, this Sanford Decision came into being, this decision handed down by the U.S. decision handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court was an important ruling Supreme Court was an important ruling on the issue of slavery. The Dred Scott on the issue of slavery. The Dred Scott decision declared in 1857 that no decision declared in 1857 that no Negro--free or slave—could not claim Negro--free or slave—could not claim the United States citizenship and also the United States citizenship and also that Congress could not prohibit slavery that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the United States territories. The in the United States territories. The ruling contributed to leading the nation ruling contributed to leading the nation closer to the Civil War, and after the closer to the Civil War, and after the Civil War it also influenced the Civil War it also influenced the introduction and 1868 passage of the introduction and 1868 passage of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which extended citizenship Constitution which extended citizenship to former slaves and gave them full civil to former slaves and gave them full civil rights. rights.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)(1858)

► A series of seven debates A series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas for and Stephen A. Douglas for an Illinois seat in the United an Illinois seat in the United States Senate. The debates States Senate. The debates presaged the issues that presaged the issues that Lincoln faced in the 1860 Lincoln faced in the 1860 Presidential campaign and Presidential campaign and are remembered partially are remembered partially for the eloquence of both for the eloquence of both sides. The debates were sides. The debates were held in seven towns in the held in seven towns in the state of Illinois: Ottawa, state of Illinois: Ottawa, Freeport, Jonesboro, Freeport, Jonesboro, Charleston, Galesburg, Charleston, Galesburg, Quincy , and Alton.Quincy , and Alton.

Bibliography Part 1Bibliography Part 1WebsitesWebsites

Main:Main:• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page• http://http://www.infoplease.comwww.infoplease.com//

Detail Pages:Detail Pages:• http://home.inreach.com/s-uzweb/8.9.5.htmhttp://home.inreach.com/s-uzweb/8.9.5.htm• http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C0http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C0

0048200482• http://civilwar.bluegrass.net/secessioncrisis/statesrights.htmhttp://civilwar.bluegrass.net/secessioncrisis/statesrights.htm

ll• http://www.classbrain.com/artteenst/publish/article_77.shtmhttp://www.classbrain.com/artteenst/publish/article_77.shtm

ll

Bibliography Part 2Bibliography Part 2BooksBooks

►Zinn, Howard. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the A People’s History of the United States: (1492-Present).United States: (1492-Present). New York: New York: Harper Collins, 2005.Harper Collins, 2005.

►Eggleston, Edward. A First Book in Eggleston, Edward. A First Book in American History.American History. New York: Lost New York: Lost Classics Book Company, 1996.Classics Book Company, 1996.

► Johnson, Paul M. Johnson, Paul M. A History of the A History of the American People.American People. New York: Harper New York: Harper Collins, 1998.Collins, 1998.