California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.
-
Upload
lionel-mckinney -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.
![Page 1: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
California SeacucumberParastichopus californicus
![Page 2: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Regional Food Web
Typical Coastal North Pacific
Ecosystem
P. californicus is found from
Baja Mexico to the Aleutian
Islands
![Page 3: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Randall Davis
Marine Mammal Food Resource
asnailsodyssey.com
Sediment Bioturbation
Steve Ringman
Commercial and Subsistence Fisheries
Ecological and Societal
![Page 4: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Global Fisheries
Over 300 Species of Sea Cucumbers are Harvested throughout the Globe
Fisheries Regions
![Page 5: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
bunnyclark.com Steve Ringman- Seattle Times
Fishing Methods
Trawl Nets SCUBA Diving
![Page 6: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Regional Distribution
Range from the Aleutian Islands, AK to Baja California, Mexico at depths of 30 cm to 106 M
Kodiak, Alaska
Southeastern Alaska
Northern Washington
Southern California
![Page 7: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fisheries Concerns
Modified from Anderson et al. 2011
Regional fisheries have peaked and then
declined
![Page 8: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Steve Ringman- Seattle Timesalibaba.com
Sea Cucumber Processing
juneauempire.com
Unprocessed Animals Cleaning
Cleaned Animals
![Page 9: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
clocktowertenants.com alibaba.com
Commercial Products
Dried body wall Frozen muscle bands
![Page 10: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Global Aquaculture
Sea cucumber aquaculture has developed globally
![Page 11: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Alaska Aquaculture
Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery
Seward, AK
![Page 12: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Alaska Aquaculture
Aquaculture Development
Larvae Tanks
Broodstock Tanks Juvenile Setting Tanks
Larvae Tanks
![Page 13: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Life Cycle Description
Male and Females release gametes directly into the water
Fertilized eggs develop into a feeding larvae
within 5 days
Larvae feed in the water column on algae for 15-100 days
Larvae settle out onto the bottom as juveniles
Juveniles feed on sediment algae growing ~1mm a month
Reproductive at 4 years then spawn annually
![Page 14: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The California Sea Cucumber
BASIC ECOLOGY:• Several color morphs exist throughout the habitat range
from the Aleutian Islands, AK to Baja California, Mexico
• Found at depths of 1ft (~30cm) to 350 ft (~106) in sandy to rocky habitats
• Feed on sediment algae
![Page 15: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The California Sea Cucumber
BASIC ECOLOGY:
• Average size of 1ft (~30cm) and 11oz. (~300g)
• Reproductive at 4 years
• Unable to age from natural populations
• Adults move less then 6ft (2M) daily
![Page 16: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Animal Collections
George’s Inlet, Ketchikan, AK (55°20'N, 131°28'W)
![Page 17: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Animal Collections
Animals are shipped live in sea water filled plastic bags
and received within 12 hours of their collections
![Page 18: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Adult Holding Tanks
![Page 19: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
aquafauna.com
aquafauna.com
Several Adult Feeds
Tetraselmis sp.
Thalassiosira sp.
![Page 20: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Feeding Ecology
asnailsodyssey.com
asnailsodyssey.comcorbisimages.com
![Page 21: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
~15,000 cells/ml(Isochrysis spp.)
Heated ~18°C
Dilute Sperm
Within Tanks
Each feed tank was spawned every 48 hours for 4 weeks
Procedure Development
![Page 22: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Procedure Development
Gonoduct pore naturally removes ~ 100% of
fertilization envelopes
oceanservice.noaa.gov
Animals are not sacrificed for spawning
Fertilization rates of 88-98%
“Natural Spawning”
![Page 23: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Egg Collection
Fertilized Eggs were filtered through a 710µm mesh followed by a 47µm mesh
Fertilization occurs within 5 minutes
8 cell cleavage within 10-11 hours
64 cell cleavage within 16-17 hours
![Page 24: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
shigen.nig.ac.jp
reedmariculture.com
algaelink.com
Larval Algal Feed Cultures
![Page 25: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Larvae Rearing
Larvae were maintained in 190L tanks with flow through sea water
Gastrula pre-feeding larvae within 3 days
Auricularia feeding larvae within 4 days
Auricularia continue to feed and grow
![Page 26: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Juvenile Setting
![Page 27: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Juvenile Setting
~ 20 days post hatching ~ 25 days post hatching
~ 35 days post hatching
![Page 28: California Seacucumber Parastichopus californicus.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697c0201a28abf838cd270e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Questions?