California Mechanical Code 2010 Chapter 9 LANES POINTS.

California Mechanical Code

2010Chapter 9

LANES POINTS

LANES POINTS

Chapter 9

Installation of Specific Appliances

LANES POINTS

Chapter 9Installation of Specific Appliances

• 901.0 Scope.– Warm air heating systems, vented decorative

appliances, floor furnaces, vented wall furnaces, unit heaters and room heaters shall comply with the general requirements of Chapter 3 of this code, in addition to the requirements of this chapter.

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• 902.0 General.– (A) This chapter is applicable primarily to non-industrial

type gas utilization appliances and installations and, unless specifically indicated, does not apply to industrial-type appliances and installations. Listed gas utilization appliances shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions, or as elsewhere specified in this chapter. Unlisted appliances shall be installed as specified in this part as applicable to the equipment. For additional information concerning particular appliances and accessories, including industrial types, reference can be made to the standards listed in Chapter 17. [NFPA54:10.1.1]

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• 902.0 General.– (B) Gas utilization appliances shall not be installed

so its combustion, ventilation, and dilution air are obtained only from a bedroom or bathroom unless the bedroom or bathroom has the required volume in accordance with Section 701.2. [NFPA 54:10:1.2]

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• 902.0 General.– (C) Where the room size in comparison with the

size of the appliance is to be calculated, the total volume of the appliance is determined from exterior dimensions and is to include fan compartments and burner vestibules, where used. Where the actual ceiling height of a room is greater than eight (8) feet (2,438 mm), the volume of the room is figured on the basis of a ceiling height of eight (8) ft. (2,438 mm). [NFPA 4:10.1.3]

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• 902.0 General– (D) [OSHPD 1, 2

& 4] Warm air furnaces shall not be installed under openable windows on exterior walls.

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• 902.1 – Added or Converted Appliances. When additional

or replacement appliances or equipment are installed or an appliance is converted to gas from another fuel, the location in which the appliances or equipment are to be operated shall be checked to verify the following:

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• 902.1A. Air for combustion and ventilation is provided where required, in

accordance with the provisions of Chapter 7. Where existing facilities are not adequate, they shall be upgraded to meet Chapter 7 specifications.

B. The installation components and appliances meet the clearances to combustible material provisions of this code. It shall be determined that the installation and operation of the additional or replacement appliances do not render the remaining appliances unsafe for continued operation.

C. The venting system is constructed and sized in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 8. Where the existing venting system is not adequate, it shall be upgraded to comply with Chapter 8. [NFPA 54:9.1.2]

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• 902.2 – Type of Gas(es). It shall be determined whether

the appliance has been designed for use with the gas to which it will be connected. No attempt shall be made to convert the appliance from the gas specified on the rating plate for use with a different gas without consulting the installation instruction, the serving gas supplier, or the appliance manufacturer for complete instructions: [NFPA 54:9.1.3]

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• 903.0 Air-Conditioning Appliances (Gas-Fired Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps).– 903.1 Independent Gas Piping.

• Gas piping serving heating gas utilization appliances shall be permitted to also serve cooling appliances where heating and cooling appliances cannot be operated simultaneously (See Section 1309.4). [NFPA 54:10.2.1]

– 903.2 Connection of Gas Engine-Powered Air Conditioners. • To protect against the effects of normal vibration in service,

gas engines shall not be rigidly connected to the gas supply piping. [NFPA 54:10.2.2]

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• 903.3 Clearances for Indoor Installation. – The installation of air-conditioning appliances shall comply

with the following requirements:A. Listed air-conditioning appliances installed in rooms that are large

in comparison with the size of the appliance shall be installed with clearances per the terms of their listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

B. Air-conditioning appliances installed in rooms that are 1 NOT large (such as alcoves and closets) in comparison with the size of the equipment shall be listed for such installations and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Listed clearances shall not be reduced by the protection methods described in Table 5-3, regardless of whether the enclosure is of combustible or noncombustible material.

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• 903.3 Clearances for Indoor Installation. C. Unlisted air-conditioning appliances shall be installed I

with clearances from combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) above the appliance 1 and at the sides, front, rear, and nine (9) inches (229 mm) from the draft hood.

D. Air-conditioning appliances (listed and unlisted) installed I in rooms that are large in comparison with the size of the appliances shall be permitted to be installed with reduced 1 clearances to combustible material provided the combustible material or appliance is protected as 1 described in Table 5-3 (See 5-3(2)).

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• 903.3 Clearances for Indoor Installation. E. Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to plaster on

metal lath or noncombustible material attached to combustible material, the clearance shall be measured to the surface of the plaster or other noncombustible finish where the clearance specified is two (2) inches (50 mm) or less.

F. Listed air-conditioning appliances shall have the clearance from supply ducts within three (3) feet (914 mm) of the furnace plenum be not less than that specified from the furnace plenum. No clearance is necessary beyond this distance. [NFPA 54:10.2.3]

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• 903.4 Assembly and Installation. – Air-conditioning appliances shall be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Unless the appliance is listed for installation on a combustible surface, such as a floor or roof, or unless the surface is protected in an approved manner, it shall be installed on a surface of non-combustible construction with non-combustible material and surface finish and with no combustible material against the underside thereof. [NFPA 54:10.2.4]

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• 903.5 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts. – A furnace plenum supplied as a part of the air-

conditioning appliance shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where a furnace plenum is not supplied with the appliance, any fabrication and installation instructions provided by the manufacturer shall be followed. The method of connecting supply and return ducts shall facilitate proper circulation of air. [NFPA 54:10.2.5]

• 903.6 Refrigeration Coils – (See Sections 904.7 and 904.8). [NFPA 54:10.2.6]

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• 904.0 Central Heating Boilers and Furnaces.– 904.1 Location.

• Central heating furnace and low-pressure boiler installations in bedrooms or bathrooms shall comply with one of the following:

1) Central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers may be installed in a closet located in the bedroom or bathroom, provided the closet is equipped with a listed, gasketed door assembly and a listed, self-closing device. The self-closing door assembly shall meet the requirements of Section 904.1.1. The door assembly shall be installed with a threshold and bottom door seal and shall meet the requirements of Section 904.1.2. All combustion air for such installations shall be obtained from the outdoors. The closet shall be for the exclusive use of the central heating furnace or low-pressure boiler.

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– 904.1 Location. • Central heating furnace and low-pressure boiler

installations in bedrooms or bathrooms shall comply with one of the following:

2) Central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers shall be of the direct-vent type. [NFPA 54:103.1]

– 904.1.1 Self-Closing Doors. • Self-closing doors shall swing easily and freely and shall

be equipped with a self closing device to cause the door to close and latch each time it is opened. The closing mechanism shall not have a hold-open feature. [NFPA 80:6.1.4.2.1, 6.1.4.2.2]

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– 904.1.2 Gasketing. • Gasketing on gasket doors or frames shall be furnished

only in accordance with the published listings of the door, frame, or gasketing material manufacturer. [NFPA 80:6.4.8]– Exception: Where acceptable to the Authority Having

Jurisdiction, gasketing of noncombustible or limited-combustible material (See NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction) shall be permitted to be applied to the frame, provided closing and latching of the door are not inhibited.

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• 904.2 Clearance.A. Listed central heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers installed in

rooms that are large in comparison with the size of the appliance shall be installed with clearances per the terms of their listings and the manufacturer's instructions (See Sections 208.0 and 1004.0 for definition). [NFPA 54:10.3.2.1]

B. Central-heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers installed in rooms that are NOT large (such as alcoves and closets) in comparison with the size of the appliance shall be listed for such installations. Listed clearances shall not be reduced by the protection methods described in Table 5-3 and illustrated in Figures 9-1(a) through 9-1(c), regardless of whether the enclosure is of combustible or noncombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.2]

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• 904.2 Clearance. [cont’d.]C. Unlisted central-heating furnaces and low pressure boilers

installed in rooms that are large in comparison with the size of the appliance shall be installed with clearances not less than those specified in Table 9-1. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.3]

D. Central-heating furnaces and low-pressure boilers (listed and unlisted) installed in rooms that are large in comparison with the size of the appliance shall be permitted to be installed with reduced clearances to combustible material provided the combustible material or appliance is protected as described in Table 5-3. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.4]

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• 904.2 Clearance. [cont’d.]E. Front clearance shall be sufficient for servicing the burner and

the furnace or boiler. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.5]F. Where the furnace plenum is adjacent to plaster on metal lath

or noncombustible material attached to combustible material, the clearance shall be measured to the surface of the plaster or other noncombustible finish where the clearance specified is two (2) inches (50 mm) or less. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.6]

G. The clearance to these appliances shall not interfere with combustion air, draft hood clearance and relief, and accessibility for servicing (See Sections 304, 701.0, and 802.12.7). [NFPA 54:10.3.2.7]

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• 904.2 Clearance. [cont’d.]H. Listed central heating furnaces shall have the clearance

from supply ducts within three (3) feet (914 mm) of the furnace plenum be not less than that specified from the furnace plenum. No clearance is necessary beyond this distance. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.8]

I. Unlisted central heating furnaces with temperature limit controls that cannot be set higher than 250°F (121°C) shall have the clearance from supply duct within six (6) feet (1,829 mm) of the furnace plenum be not less than six (6) inches (150 mm). No clearance is necessary beyond this distance. [NFPA 54:10.3.2.9]

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• 904.2 Clearance.J. Central-heating furnaces other than those listed

in 904.2 (h) or (i) shall have clearances from the supply ducts of not less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) from the furnace plenum for the first three (3) feet (914 mm), then six (6) inches (150 mm) for the next three (3) feet (914 mm) and one (1) inch (25 mm) beyond six (6) feet (1,829 mm). [NFPA 54:10.3.2.10]

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• 904.3 Assembly and Installation. – A central-heating boiler or furnace shall be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and shall be installed on a floor of noncombustible construction with noncombustible flooring and surface finish and with no combustible material against the underside thereof, or on fire-resistive slabs or arches having no combustible material against the underside thereof.• Exceptions:

– Appliances listed for installation on a combustible floor.– Installation on a floor protected in an approved manner. [NFPA

54:10.3.3]

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• 904.3.1 Under-floor Installation. – Furnaces installed in an under-floor area of the building

shall comply with the Sections 904.3.1.1 through 904.3.1.3.• 904.3.1.1 Supported by Ground.

– Where a furnace is supported by the ground, it shall be installed on a concrete slab not less than three (3) inches (76 mm) above the adjoining ground level.

• 904.3.1.2 Supported from Above. – Where a furnace is supported from above, a minimum

clearance of six (6) inches (152 mm) shall be provided from finished grade.

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• 904.3.1.3 Excavation. – Where excavation is necessary to install a furnace, it

shall extend to a depth of six (6) inches (152 mm) below and twelve (12) inches (300 mm) on all sides of the furnace, except on the service side, which shall have thirty (30) inches (762 mm). If the depth of the excavation for either the furnace or passageway exceeds twelve (12) inches (300 mm), walls shall be lined with concrete or masonry four (4) inches (102 mm) above the adjoining ground level.

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• 904.4 Temperature- or Pressure-Limiting Devices.– Steam and hot water boilers, respectively, shall be provided

with approved automatic limiting devices for shutting down the burner(s) to prevent boiler steam pressure or boiler water temperature from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure or temperature. Safety limit controls shall not be used as operating controls. [NFPA 54:10.3.4]

• 904.5 Low-Water Cutoff. – Hot water boilers installed above the radiation level and all

steam boilers shall be provided with an automatic means to shut off the fuel supply to the burner(s) if the boiler water level drops to the lowest safe water line. [NFPA 54:10.3.5]

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• 904.6 Steam Safety and Pressure-Relief Valves. – Steam and hot water boilers shall be equipped,

respectively, with listed or approved steam safety or pressure-relief valves of appropriate discharge capacity and conforming with ASME requirements. A shutoff valve shall not be placed between the relief valve and the boiler or on discharge pipes between such valves and the atmosphere.

1) Relief valves shall be piped to discharge near the floor.2) The entire discharge piping shall be at least the same size as the

relief valve discharge piping.3) Discharge piping shall not contain a threaded end connection at

its termination point. [NFPA 54:10.3.6]

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• 904.7 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts.A. Furnace plenums and air ducts shall be installed in accordance with

NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, or NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm-Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.1]

B. A furnace plenum supplied as a part of a furnace shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.2]

C. Where a furnace plenum is not supplied with the furnace, any fabrication and installation instructions provided by the manufacturer shall be followed. The method of connecting supply and return ducts shall facilitate proper circulation of air. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.3]

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• 904.7 Furnace Plenums and Air Ducts. [cont. ‘d]D. Where a furnace is installed so supply ducts carry air

circulated by the furnace to areas out-side the space containing the furnace, the return air shall also be handled by a duct(s) sealed to the furnace casing and terminating outside the space containing the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.3.7.4]

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• 904.8 Refrigeration Coils. – The installation of refrigeration coils shall comply with the

following requirements: [NFPA 54:10.3.8]A. A refrigeration coil shall not be installed in conjunction with a

forced-air furnace where circulation of cooled air is provided by the furnace blower, unless the blower has sufficient capacity to overcome the external static resistance imposed by the duct system and cooling coil and the air through-put necessary for heating or cooling, whichever is greater. [NFPA 54:10.3.8(1)]

B. Furnaces shall not be located upstream from cooling units, unless the cooling unit is designed or equipped so as not to develop excessive temperature or pressure. [NFPA 54:10.3.8(2)]

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• 904.8 Refrigeration Coils. [cont.’d]C. Refrigeration coils shall be installed in parallel with or

on the downstream side of central furnaces to avoid condensation in the heating element, unless the furnace has been specifically listed for downstream installation. With a parallel flow arrangement, the dampers or other means used to control flow of air shall be sufficiently tight to prevent any circulation of cooled air through the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.3.8(3)]

D. Means shall be provided for disposal of condensate and to prevent dripping of condensate on the heating element. [NFPA 54:10.3.8(4)]

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• 904.9 Cooling Units Used with Heating Boilers.A. Boilers, where used in conjunction with refrigeration

systems, shall be installed so that the chilled medium is piped in parallel with the heating boiler with appropriate valves to prevent the chilled medium from entering the heating boiler. [NFPA 54:10.3.9.1]

B. Where hot-water-heating boilers are connected to heating coils located in air-handling units where they can be exposed to refrigerated air circulation, such boiler piping systems shall be equipped with flow control valves or other automatic means to prevent gravity circulation of the boiler water during the cooling cycle. [NFPA 54:10.3.9.2]

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• 904.10 Access to Appliances on Roofs.– 904.10.1 Appliances located on roofs or other

elevated locations shall be accessible. [NFPA 54-09:9.4.3.1]

– 904.10.2 Buildings of more than fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm) in height shall have an inside means of access to the roof, unless other means acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction are used. [NFPA 54-09:9.4.3.2]

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• 904.10 Access to Appliances on Roofs. [cont.’d]– 904.10.3 The inside means of access shall be a permanent or foldaway

inside stairway or ladder, terminating in an enclosure, scuttle, or trapdoor. Such scuttles or trapdoors shall be at least twenty-two (22) inches x twenty-four (24) inches (560 mm x 610 mm) in size, shall open easily and safely under all conditions, especially snow, and shall be constructed so as to permit access from the roof side unless deliberately locked on the inside. At least six (6) feet (1,829 mm) of clearance shall be available between the access opening and the edge of the roof or similar hazard, or rigidly fixed rails or guards a minimum of forty-two (42) inches (1,067 mm) in height shall be provided on the exposed side. Where parapets or other building structures are utilized in lieu of guards or rails, they shall be a minimum of forty-two (42) inches (1,067 mm) in height. [NFPA 54-09:9.4.3.3]

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• 904.11 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces– 904.11.1 Access.

• An attic or under-floor space in which an appliance is installed shall be accessible through an opening and passageway at least as large as the largest component of the appliance, and not less than twenty-two (22) inches x thirty (30) inches (560 mm x 760 mm). [NFPA 54-09:9.5.1]

– 904.11.2 Passageway Height. • Where the height of the passageway is less than six (6) feet

(1,829 mm), the distance from the passageway access to the appliance shall not exceed twenty (20) feet (6,096 mm) measured along the center line of the passageway. [NFPA 54-09:9.5.1.1]

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• 904.11 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces [cont.’d]– 904.11.3 Passageway.

• The passageway shall be unobstructed and shall have solid flooring not less than twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) wide from the entrance opening to the appliance. [NFPA 4:9.5.1.2]

– 904.11.4 Work Surface. • A level working platform or grade surface not less than thirty

(30) inches (760 mm) by thirty (30) inches (760 mm) shall be provided in front of the service side of the appliance. [NFPA54:9.5.2]

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• 904.11 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces [cont.’d]– 904.11.5 Lighting and Convenience Outlet.

• A permanent 120-volt receptacle outlet and a lighting fixture shall be installed near the appliance. The switch controlling the lighting fixture shall be located at the entrance to the passageway. [NFPA 54:9.5.3]

– 904.11.6 Furnace (Upright and Horizontal). • Upright furnaces may be installed in an attic, furred, or under floor ‑

space more than five (5) feet (1,524 mm) in height, provided the required listings and furnace and duct clearances are observed. Horizontal furnaces may be installed in an attic, furred, or under-floor space, provided the required listings and furnace and duct clearances are observed.

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• 905.0 Clothes Dryers.– 905.1 Clearance. • The installation of clothes dryers shall comply with the

following requirements: [NFPA 54:10.4.1]A. Listed Type 1 clothes dryers shall be installed with a

minimum clearance of six (6) inches (150 mm) from adjacent combustible material. Clothes dryers listed for installation at reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with their listing. Type 1 clothes dryers installed in closets shall be specifically listed for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.4.1(1)]

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– 905.1 Clearance. [cont.’d]B. Listed Type 2 clothes dryers shall be installed with

clearances of not less than that shown on the marking plate and in the manufacturer's instructions. Type 2 clothes dryers designed and marked, "For use only in noncombustible locations," shall not be installed elsewhere. [NFPA 54:10.4.19(2)]

C. Unlisted clothes dryers shall be installed with clearances to combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm). Combustible floors under unlisted clothes dryers shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.4.1(3)]

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• 905.0 Clothes Dryers. [cont.’d]– 905.2 Exhausting to the Outdoors.

• Type 1 and Type 2 clothes dryers shall be exhausted to the outside air. [NFPA 54:10.4.2]

– 905.3 Provisions for Makeup Air.A. Makeup air shall be provided for Type 1 clothes dryers in

accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.4.3.1]

B. Provision for makeup air shall be provided for Type 2 clothes dryers, with a minimum free area (See Section 701.6) of one (1) in.2 (6.5 m2) for each one thousand (1,000) Btu/h (2,200 mm'/kW) total input rating of the dryer(s) installed. [NFPA 54:10.4.3.2]

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• 905.0 Clothes Dryers. [cont.’d]– 905.4 Exhaust Ducts for Type 1 Clothes Dryers.

A. A clothes dryer exhaust duct shall not be connected into any vent connector, gas vent, chimney, crawl space, attic, or other similar concealed space. [NFPA 54:10.4.4.1]

B. Ducts for exhausting clothes dryers shall not be assembled with screws or other fastening means that extend into the duct and that would catch lint and reduce the efficiency of the exhaust system. [NFPA 54:10.4.4.2]

C. Exhaust ducts shall be constructed of rigid metallic material. Transition ducts used to connect the dryer to the exhaust duct shall be listed for that application or installed in accordance with the clothes dryer manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.4.4.3]

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A. Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall comply with Section 905.4. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.1]

B. Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall be constructed of sheet metal or other noncombustible material. Such ducts shall be equivalent in strength and corrosion resistance to ducts made of galvanized sheet steel not less than 0.0195 inch (0.5 mm) thick. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.2]

C. Type 2 clothes dryers shall be equipped or installed with lint-controlling means. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.3]

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• 905.0 Clothes Dryers. [cont.’d]– 905.5 Exhaust Ducts for Type 2 Clothes Dryers. [cont.’d]

D. Exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers shall be installed with a minimum clearance of six (6) inches (150 mm) from adjacent combustible material. Where exhaust ducts for Type 2 clothes dryers are installed with reduced clearances, the adjacent combustible material shall be protected in accordance with Table 5-3. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.4]

E. Where ducts pass through walls, floors, or partitions, the space around the duct shall be sealed with noncombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.5]

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[cont.’d]F. Multiple installations of Type 2 clothes dryers shall be

made in a manner to prevent adverse operation due to back pressures that might be created in the exhaust systems. [NFPA 54:10.4.5.6]

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• 905.5 Exhaust Ducts for Type 2 Clothes Dryers. [cont.’d]– 905.6 Multiple Family or Public Use. • All clothes dryers installed for multiple-family or public

use shall be equipped with approved safety shutoff devices and shall be installed as specified for a Type 2 clothes dryer under Section 905.5. [NFPA 54:10.4.6]

– 906.0 Conversion Burners• Installation of conversion burners shall conform to ANSI

Z21.8, Standard for Installation of Domestic Gas Conversion Burners. [NFPA 54:10.5]

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• 907.0 Decorative Appliances for Installation in Vented Fireplaces.– 907.1 Prohibited Installations.

• Decorative appliances for installation in vented fireplaces shall not be installed in bath-rooms or bedrooms unless the appliance is listed and the bedroom or bathroom has the required volume in accordance with Section 701.2. [NFPA 54:10.6.1] [OSHPD 1, 2 & 41 A vented decorative appliance shall not be located in any hospital, skilled nursing facility, intermediate care facility, or correctional treatment center.

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• 907.0 Decorative Appliances for Installation in Vented Fireplaces. [cont.’d]– 907.2 Installation.

1) A decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplace shall be installed only in a vented fireplace having a working chimney flue and constructed of noncombustible materials. These appliances shall not be thermostatically controlled.

2) A listed decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplace shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.6.2.1]

3) A decorative appliance for installation in a vented fire-place where installed in a manufactured home shall be listed for installation in manufactured homes. [NFPA 54:10.6.2.2]

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• 907.0 Decorative Appliances for Installation in Vented Fireplaces. [cont.’d]– 907.2 Installation. [cont.’d]

3) An unlisted decorative appliance for installation in a vented fireplace shall be installed in a fireplace having a permanent free opening, based on appliance input rating and chimney height, equal to or greater than that specified in Table 9-2. [NFPA 54:10.6.2.3]

– 907.3 Fireplace Screens. • A fireplace screen shall be installed with a decorative appliance

for installation in a vented fire-place. [NFPA 54:10.6.3]

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• 908.0 Gas Fireplaces, Vented.– 908.1 Prohibited Installations. • Vented gas fireplaces shall not be installed in

bathrooms or bedrooms unless the appliance is listed and the bedroom or bathroom has the required volume in accordance with Section 701.2. [NFPA 54:10.7.1]• Exception: Direct-vent gas fireplaces.

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• 908.0 Gas Fireplaces, Vented. [cont.’d]–908.2 Installation. • The installation of vented gas fireplaces shall

comply with the following requirements:A. Listed vented gas fireplaces shall be installed in

accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions and where installed in or attached to combustible material shall be specifically listed for such installation. [NFPA54:10.7.2(1)]

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• 908.0 Gas Fireplaces, Vented. [cont.’d]– 908.2 Installation. [cont.’d]

B. Unlisted vented gas fireplaces shall not be installed in or attached to combustible material. They shall have a clearance at the sides and rear of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm). Combustible floors under unlisted vented gas fireplaces shall be protected in an approved manner. Unlisted appliances of other than the direct-vent type shall be equipped with a draft hood and shall be properly vented in accordance with Chapter 8. Appliances that use metal, asbestos, or ceramic material to direct radiation to the front of the appliance shall have a clearance of thirty-six (36) inches (910 nun) in front and, if constructed with a double back of metal or ceramic, shall be installed with a minimum clearance of eighteen (18) inches (460 mm) at the sides and twelve (12) inches (300 mm) at the rear. [NFPA 54:10.7.2(2)]

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• 908.0 Gas Fireplaces, Vented. [cont.’d]–908.2 Installation. [cont.’d]

C. Panels, grilles, and access doors that are required to be removed for normal servicing operations shall not be attached to the building. [NFPA 54:10.7.2(3)]

D. Direct-vent gas fireplaces shall be installed with the vent-air intake terminal in the outdoors and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.7.2(4)]

– 908.3 Combustion and Circulating Air.• Combustion and circulating air shall be provided in

accordance with Section 701.0. [NFPA 54:10.7.3]

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• 909.0 Non-Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters.– 909.1 Application.

• Direct gas-fired industrial air heaters of the non-re-circulating type shall be listed in accordance with ANSI Z83.4/CSA 3.7 Non-Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters. [NFPA 54:10.8.1]

– 909.2 Prohibited Installations.A. Non-re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall not

serve any area containing sleeping quarters. [NFPA 54:10.8.2.1]B. Non-re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall not

re-circulate room air. [NFPA 54:10.8.2.2]

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Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters.

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The key advantages are simplicity and efficiency. No heat exchanger is required. This eliminates component installation and maintenance costs. With no heat transfer losses, the unit is nearly 100% efficient.

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• The primary disadvantage is the introduction of waste products into the airstream. For this reason, both ANSI Z83.4/CSA3.7 and ANSI Z83.18 standards state:– “Heaters covered by this standard are intended for

use in industrial and commercial applications.”– ANSI Z83.18 states further that: “Heaters covered

by this standard are not intended for use in any area containing sleeping quarters."

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• 909.3 Installation. – Installation of direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall comply

with the following requirements:A. Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed

in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.83.1]B. Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed

only in industrial or commercial occupancies. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.2]C. Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be

permitted to provide fresh air ventilation. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.3]D. Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be provided

with access for removal of burners; replacement of motors, controls, filters, and other working parts; and for adjustment and lubrication of parts requiring maintenance. [NFPA 54:10.8.3.4]

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• 909.0 Non-Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters. [cont.’d]– 909.4 Clearance from Combustible Materials.

• Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed with a clearance from combustible materials of not less than that shown on the rating plate and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.8.4]

– 909.5 Air Supply. • All air to the non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heater

shall be ducted directly from outdoors. Where outside-air dampers or closing louvers are used, they shall be verified to be in the open position prior to main burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.8.5]

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• 909.0 Non-Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters. [cont.’d]– 909.6 Atmospheric Vents, Gas Reliefs, or Bleeds.

• Non-recirculating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters with valve train components equipped with atmospheric vents, gas reliefs, or bleeds shall have their vent lines, gas reliefs, or bleeds lead to a safe point outdoors. Means shall be employed on these lines to prevent water from entering and to prevent blockage from insects and foreign matter. An atmospheric vent line shall not be required to be provided on a valve train component equipped with a listed vent limiter. [NFPA 54:10.8.6]

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• 909.0 Non-Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters. [cont.’d]– 909.7 Relief Openings. • The design of the installation shall include adequate

provisions to permit the non-re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heater to operate at its rated airflow without over pressurizing the space served by the heater by taking into account the structure's designed infiltration rate, properly designed relief openings, or an inter-locked powered exhaust system, or a combination of these methods. [NFPA 54:10.8.7]

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• 909.7 Relief Openings. [cont.’d] )A. The structure's designed infiltration rate and the size of

relief opening(s) shall be determined by approved engineering methods. [NFPA 54:10.8.7.1]

B. Louver or counterbalanced gravity damper relief openings shall be permitted. Where motorized dampers or closeable louvers are used, they shall be proved to be in their open position prior to main burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.8.7.2]

• 909.8 Purging. – Inlet ducting, when used, shall be purged with at least four

air changes prior to an ignition attempt. [NFPA 54:10.8.8]

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• 910.0 Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters.– 910.1 Application. Direct gas-fired industrial air

heaters of the re-circulating type shall be designed certified to be in compliance with the Standard for Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters, ANSI Z83.18. Unlisted direct gas-fired industrial air heaters of the re-circulating type shall not be installed. [NFPA 54:10.9.1]

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– 910.2 Prohibited Installations.A. Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters

shall not serve any area containing sleeping quarters. [NFPA 54:10.9.2.1]

B. Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall not re-circulate room air in buildings that contain flammable solids, liquids, or gases, explosive materials, or substances that can become toxic when exposed to flame or heat. [NFPA 54:10.9.2.2]

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• 910.3 Installation. – Installation of direct gas-fired industrial air heaters

shall comply with the following requirements: [NFPA 54:10.9.3]

A. Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.9.3(1)]

B. Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be installed only in industrial or commercial occupancies. [NFPA 54:10.9.3(2)]

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C. Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be permitted to provide fresh air ventilation only for the amount that exceeds the minimum ventilation air specified on the heater's rating plate to maintain the combustion level created by the heater in the space being served by the heater below 25 ppm for carbon monoxide, 3 ppm for nitrogen dioxide, and 5000 ppm for carbon dioxide. Where gas-powered fork trucks or other fossil-fueled appliance are utilized in the conditioned space, additional ventilation requirements for the facility must be addressed separately. [NFPA 54:10.9.3(3)]

D. Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall be provided with access for removal of burners; replacement of motors, controls, filters, and other working parts; and for adjustment and lubrication of parts requiring maintenance. [NFPA 54:10.9.3(4)]

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• 910.0 Re-circulating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters. [cont.’d]– 910.4 Clearance from Combustible Materials.• Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters shall

be installed with a clearance from combustible materials of not less than that shown on the rating plate and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.9.4]

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– 910.5 Air Supply. • Ventilation air to the re-circulating direct gas-fired

industrial air heater shall be ducted directly from outdoors. Air to the re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heater in excess of the minimum ventilation air specified on the heater's rating plate shall be taken from the building, ducted directly from outdoors, or a combination of both. Where outside-air dampers or closing louvers are used, they shall be verified to be in the open position prior to main burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.9.5]

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• 910.6 Atmospheric Vents, Gas Reliefs, or Bleeds. – Re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heaters

with valve train components equipped with atmospheric vents, gas reliefs, or bleeds shall have their vent lines, gas reliefs, or bleeds lead to a safe point outdoors.

Means shall be employed on these lines to prevent water from entering and to prevent blockage from insects and foreign matter. An atmospheric vent line shall not be required to be provided on a valve train component equipped with a listed vent limiter. [NFPA 54:10.9.6]


– 910.7 Relief Openings. • The design of the installation shall include adequate provisions to

permit the re-circulating direct gas-fired industrial air heater to operate at its rated airflow without over pressurizing the space served by the heater by taking into account the structure's designed infiltration rate, properly designed relief openings or an interlocked powered exhaust system, or a combination of these methods. [NFPA 54:10.9.7]

A. The structure's designed infiltration rate and the size of relief opening(s) shall be determined by approved engineering methods. [NFPA 54:10.9.7.1]

B. Louver or counterbalanced gravity relief openings shall be permitted. Where motorized dampers or closeable louvers are used, they shall be proved to be in their open position prior to main burner operation. [NFPA 54:10.9.7.2]

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– 910.8 Purging. • Inlet ducting, when used, shall be purged with at least

four air changes prior to an ignition attempt. [NFPA 54:10.9.8]

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• 911.0 Duct Furnaces.– 911.1 Clearances. • The installation of duct furnaces shall comply with the

following clearance requirements:A. Listed duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances of at

least six (6) inches (150 mm) between adjacent walls, ceilings, and floors of combustible material and the furnace draft hood. Furnaces listed for installation at lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance with their listings. In no case shall the clearance be such as to interfere with combustion air and accessibility (See Sections 304 and 701.0.). [NFPA 54:10.10.1(1)]

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B. Unlisted duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances to combustible material in accordance with the clearances specified for unlisted furnaces and boilers in Table 9-1. Combustible floors under unlisted duct furnaces shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.10.1(2)]

– 911.2 Installation of Duct Furnaces. • Duct furnaces shall be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54-09:10.10.2]

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– 911.3 Access Panels. • The ducts connected to duct furnaces shall have

removable access panels on both the upstream and downstream sides of the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.10.3]

– 911.4 Location of Draft Hoods and Controls.• The controls, combustion-air inlet, and draft hoods for

duct furnaces shall be located outside the ducts. The draft hood shall be located in the same enclosure from which combustion air is taken. [NFPA 54:10.10.4]

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– 911.5 Circulating Air. • Where a duct furnace is installed so that supply ducts

carry air circulated by the furnace to areas outside the space containing the furnace, the return air shall also be handled by a duct(s) sealed to the furnace casing and terminating outside the space containing the furnace. The duct furnace shall be installed on the positive-pressure side of the circulating air blower. [NFPA 54:10.10.5]

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– 911.6 Duct Furnaces Used with Refrigeration Systems.

A. A duct furnace shall not be installed in conjunction with a refrigeration coil where circulation of cooled air is provided by the blower.– Exception: Where the blower has sufficient capacity to

overcome the external static resistance imposed by the duct system, furnace, and the cooling coil and the air throughput necessary for heating or cooling, whichever is greater. [NFPA 54:10.10,6.1]

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– 911.6 Duct Furnaces Used with Refrigeration Systems.

B. Duct furnaces used in conjunction with cooling equipment shall be installed in parallel with or on the upstream side of cooling coils to avoid condensation within heating elements. With a parallel flow arrangement, the dampers or other means used to control the flow of air shall be sufficiently tight to prevent any circulation of cooled air through the unit.– Exception: Where the duct furnace has been specifically

listed for downstream installation. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.2]

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• 911.6 Duct Furnaces Used with Refrigeration Systems. C. Where duct furnaces are to be located upstream from cooling

units, the cooling unit shall be so designed or equipped as to not develop excessive temperatures or pressures. [NFPA 54:10.10.6.3]

D. Where a duct furnace is installed downstream of an evaporative cooler or air washer, the heat exchanger shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant materials. Stainless steel, ceramic-coated steel, and an aluminum-coated steel in which the bond between the steel and the aluminum is an iron-aluminum alloy are considered to be corrosion resistant. Air washers operating with chilled water that deliver air below the dew point of the ambient air at the equipment are considered as refrigeration systems. [NFPA 54:9.10.6.4]

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– 911.7 Installation in Commercial Garages and Aircraft Hangars. • Duct furnaces installed in garages for more than three

motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Sections 911.8 and 911.9. [NFPA 54:10.10.7]

– 911.8 Installation in Commercial Garages.• 911.8.1 Parking Structures. Appliances installed in

enclosed, basement, and underground parking structures shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 88A, Standard for Parking Structures. [NFPA 54:9.1.11.1]

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– 911.8.2 Repair Garages. • Appliances installed in repair garages shall be installed in

a detached building or room, separated from repair areas by walls, partitions, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies that are constructed so as to prohibit the transmission of vapors and having a fire resistance rating of not less than one (1) hour, and that have no openings in the wall separating the repair area within eight (8) feet (2,438 mm) of the floor. Wall penetrations shall be firestopped. Air for combustion purposes shall be obtained from outside the building. The heating room shall not be used for the storage of combustible materials.

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– 911.8.2 Repair Garages• Exceptions:

– Overhead heaters where installed not less than eight (8) feet (2,438 mm) above the floor shall be permitted.

– Heating appliances for vehicle repair areas where there is no dispensing or transferring of Class I or Class II flammable or combustible liquids or liquefied petroleum gas shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 30A, Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages. [NFPA 54:9.1.11.2]

– 911.9 Installation in Aircraft Hangars. • Heaters in aircraft hangars shall be installed in accordance

with NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars. [NFPA 54:9.1.12

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• 912.0 Floor Furnaces.– 912.1 Installation. • The installation of floor furnaces shall comply with the

following requirements:A. Listed floor furnaces shall be installed in accordance with

their listing and the manufacturer's instructions.B. Unlisted floor furnaces shall not be installed in combustible

floors.C. Thermostats controlling floor furnaces shall not be located

in a room or space that can be separated from the room or space in which the register of the floor furnace is located. [NFPA 54:10.11.1]

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– 912.2 Temperature Limit Controls.A. Listed automatically operated floor furnaces shall be

equipped with temperature limit controls.B. Unlisted automatically operated floor furnaces shall

be equipped with a temperature limit control arranged to shut off the flow of gas to the burner in the event the temperature at the warm-air outlet register exceeds 350°F (177°C) above room temperature. [NFPA 54:10.11.2]

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– 912.3 Combustion and Circulating Air. • Combustion and circulating air shall be provided in


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–912.4 Placement. • The following provisions apply to furnaces that

serve one story.A. Floors. Floor furnaces shall not be installed in the

floor of any doorway, stairway landing, aisle, or passageway of any enclosure, public or private, or in an exit way from any such room or space. [NFPA 54:10.11.4(1)]

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– 912.4 Placement. B. Walls and Corners. The register of a floor furnace with a

horizontal warm-air outlet shall not be placed closer than six (6) inches (150 mm) from the nearest wall. A distance of at least eighteen (18) in. (460 mm) from two adjoining sides of the floor furnace register to walls shall be provided to eliminate the necessity of occupants walking over the warm-air discharge. The remaining sides shall be a minimum of six (6) inches (150 mm) from a wall. Wall-register models shall not be placed closer than six (6) in. (150 mm) to a corner. [NFPA 54:10.11.4(2)]

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– 912.4 Placement. C. Draperies. The furnace shall be placed so that a door,

drapery, or similar object cannot be nearer than twelve (12) inches (300 mm) to any portion of the register of the furnace. [NFPA 54:10.11.4(3)]

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– 912.5 Bracing. • The space provided for the furnace shall be framed

with doubled joists and with headers not lighter than the joists. [NFPA 54:10.11.5]

– 912.6 Support. • Means shall be provided to support the furnace when

the floor register is removed. [NFPA 54:10.11.6]

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– 912.7 Clearance. • The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall have at least a

six (6) inch (150 mm) clearance from the general ground level. A reduced clearance to a minimum of two (2) inches (50 mm) is permitted, provided the lower six (6) inches (150 mm) portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to prevent entrance of water. Where these clearances are not present, the ground below and to the sides shall be excavated to form a "basin-like" pit under the furnace so that the required clearance is provided beneath the lowest portion of the furnace. A twelve (12) inch (300 mm) clearance shall be provided on all sides except the control side, that shall have an eighteen (18) inch (460 mm) clearance. [NFPA 54:10.11.7]

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– 912.8 Access. • The space in which any floor furnace is installed shall

be accessible by an opening in the foundation not less than twenty-four (24) inches x eighteen (18) inches (610 mm x 460 mm) or by a trap door not less than twenty-four (24) inches x twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm x 610 nun) in any cross-section thereof, and a passageway not less than twenty-four (24) inches eighteen (18) inches (610 mm x 460 mm) in any cross-section thereof. [NFPA 54:10.11.8]

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– 912.9 Seepage Pan. • Where the excavation exceeds twelve (12) inches (300 mm)

in depth or water seepage is likely to collect, a water-tight copper pan, concrete pit, or other suit-able material shall be used, unless adequate drainage is provided or the appliance is sealed by the manufacturer to meet this condition. A copper pan shall be made of not less than sixteen (16) oz./ft.2 (4.9 kg/m2) sheet copper. The pan shall be anchored in place so as to prevent floating, and the walls shall extend at least four (4) inches (100 mm) above the ground level with at least six (6) inches (150 mm) clearance on all sides, except the control side, which shall have at least eighteen (18) inches (460 mm) clearance. [NFPA 54:10.11.9]

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– 912.10 Wind Protection. • Floor furnaces shall be protected, where necessary, against severe

wind conditions. [NFPA 54:10.11.10]

– 912.11 Upper-Floor Installations. • Listed floor furnaces shall be permitted to be installed in an upper

floor, provided the furnace assembly projects below into a utility room, closet, garage, or similar non-habitable space. In such installations, the floor furnace shall be enclosed completely (entirely separated from the non-habitable space) with means for air intake to meet the provisions of Section 701.0, with access for servicing, the minimum furnace clearances of six (6) inches (150 mm) to all sides and bottom, and with the enclosure constructed of portland cement plaster or metal lath or other noncombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.11.11]

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– 912.12 First Floor Installation. • Listed floor furnaces installed in the first or ground

floors of buildings shall not be required to be enclosed unless the basements of these buildings have been converted to apartments or sleeping quarters, in which case the floor furnace shall be enclosed as specified for upper floor installations and shall project into a non-habitable space. [NFPA 54:10.11.12]

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• 913.0 Food Service Appliance, Floor Mounted.– 913.1 Clearance for Listed Appliances.

• Listed floor-mounted food service appliances, such as ranges for hotels and restaurants, deep-fat fryers, unit broilers, gas-fired kettles, steam cookers, steam generators, and baking and roasting ovens, shall be installed at least six (6) inches (150 mm) from combustible material except that at least a two (2) inch (50 mm) clearance shall be maintained between a draft hood and combustible material. Floor-mounted food service appliances listed for installation at lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions. Appliances designed and marked, "For use only in noncombustible locations," shall not be installed elsewhere. [NFPA 54:10.12.1]

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– 913.2 Clearance for Unlisted Appliances. • Unlisted floor-mounted food service appliances shall be

installed to provide 1 a clearance to combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm) from the sides and rear of the appliance and from the vent connector and not less than forty-eight (48) inches (1,219 mm) above cooking tops and at the front of the appliance.

Clearances for unlisted appliances installed in partially enclosed areas such as alcoves shall not be reduced. Where clearances for unlisted appliances installed in rooms that are' not partially enclosed are reduced, the combustible material or the appliance shall be protected as described in Table 5-3. [NFPA 54:10.12.2]

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– 913.3 Mounting on Combustible Floor.A. Listed floor-mounted food service appliances that are' listed

specifically for installation on floors constructed of combustible material shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.12.3.1]

B. Floor-mounted food service appliances that is not listed for mounting on a combustible floor shall be mounted in accordance with Section 913.4 or be mounted in accordance with one of the following: [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2]1) Where the appliance is set on legs that provide not less than eighteen (18) in.

(460 mm) open space under the base of the appliance or where it has no burners and no portion of any oven or broiler eighteen (18) in. (460 mm) of the floor, it shall be permitted to be mounted on a combustible floor without special floor protection, provided there is at least one sheet metal baffle between the burner and the floor. [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2(1)]

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2) Where the appliance is set on legs that provide not less than eight (8) inches (200 mm) open space under the base of the appliance, it shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors, provided the floor under the appliance is protected with not less than % inch (9.5 mm) insulating millboard covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0195 inch (0.5 mm) thick. The preceding specified floor protection shall extend not less than six (6) inches (150 mm) beyond the appliance on all sides. [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2(2)]

3) Where the appliance is set on legs that provide not less than four (4) inches (100 mm) under the base of the appliance, it shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors, provided the floor under the appliance is protected with hollow masonry not less than four (4) inches (100 mm) in thickness covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0195 inch (0.5 mm) thick. Such masonry courses shall be laid with ends unsealed and joints matched in such a way as to provide for free circulation of air through the masonry. [NFPA 54:10.12.3.2(3)]

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4) Where the appliance does not have legs at least four (4) inches (100 mm) high, it shall be permitted to be mounted on combustible floors, provided the floor under the appliance is protected by two courses of four (4) inch (100 mm) hollow clay tile, or equivalent, with courses laid at right angles and with ends unsealed and joints matched in such a way as to provide for free circulation of air through such masonry courses, and covered with steel plate not less than 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in thickness. [NFPA 54:10.12.3(4)]

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• 913.4 Mounting on Noncombustible Floor. – Listed floor-I mounted food service appliances that are

designed and marked, "For use only in non-combustible locations, "shall be mounted on floors of noncombustible construction with noncombustible flooring and surface finish and with no combustible material against the underside thereof, or on noncombustible slabs or arches having no combustible material against the underside thereof. Such construction shall in all cases extend not less than twelve (12) inches (300 mm) I beyond the appliance on all sides. [NFPA 54:10.12.4]

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– 913.5 Combustible Material Adjacent to Cooking Top. • Any portion of combustible material adjacent to a

cooking top section of a food service range, even though listed for close-to-wall installation, that is not shielded from the wall by a high shelf, warming closet, and so on, shall be protected as specified in Section 913.2 for a distance of at least two (2) feet (609 mm) above the surface of the cooking top. [NFPA 54:;10.12.5]

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– 913.6 Use with Casters. • Floor-mounted appliances with casters shall be listed for such

construction and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions for limiting the movement of the appliance to I prevent strain on the connection. [NFPA 54-09:10.12.6]

– 913.7 Level Installation. • Floor-mounted food service appliances I shall be installed level on

a firm foundation. [NFPA 54:10.12.7]

– 913.8 Ventilation. • Means shall be provided to properly ventilate the space in which

food service appliance is installed to permit proper combustion of the gas. [NFPA 54:10.12.8]

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• 914.0 Food Service Appliances, Counter Appliances.

• 914.1 Vertical Clearance. A vertical distance of not less than forty-eight (48) inches (1,219 mm) shall be provided between the top of all food service hot plates and griddles and combustible material. [NFPA 54;10.13.1]

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• 914.2 Clearance for Listed Appliances. – Listed food service counter appliances such as hot plates

and griddles, food and dish warmers, and coffee brewers and urns, where installed on combustible surfaces, shall be set on their own bases or legs and shall be installed with a minimum horizontal clearance of six (6) inches (150 mm) from combustible material, except that at least a two (2) inch (50 mm) clearance shall be maintained between a draft hood and combustible material. Food service counter appliances listed for installation at lesser clearances shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.13.2]

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• 914.3 Clearance for Unlisted Appliances. – Unlisted food service hot plates and griddles shall be installed

with a horizontal clearance from combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm). Unlisted gas food service counter appliances, including coffee brewers and urns, waffle bakers, and hot water immersion sterilizers, shall be installed with a horizontal clearance from combustible material of not less than twelve (12) inches (300 mm). Reduced clearances for gas food service counter appliances shall be in accordance with Table 5-3. Unlisted food and dish warmers shall be installed with a horizontal clearance from combustible material of not less than six (6) inches (150 mm). [NFPA 54:10.13.3]

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• 914.4 Mounting of Unlisted Appliances. – Unlisted food service counter appliances shall not

be set on combustible material unless they have legs that provide not less than four (4) inches (100 nun) of open space below the burners and the combustible surface is protected with insulating millboard at least one-fourth ('/a) inch (6.4 mm) thick covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 inch (0.3 mm) thick, or with equivalent protection. [NFPA 54:10.13.4]

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• 915.0 Hot Plates and Laundry Stoves.A. Listed domestic hot plates and laundry stoves installed on

combustible surfaces shall be set on their own legs or bases. They shall be installed with minimum horizontal clearances of six (6) inches (150 mm) from combustible material. [NFPA 54:10.14.1]

B. Unlisted domestic hot plates and laundry stoves shall be installed with horizontal clearances to combustible material of not less than twelve (12) inches (300 mm). Combustible surfaces under unlisted domestic hot plates and laundry stoves shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.14.2]

C. (C) The vertical distance between tops of all domestic hot plates and laundry stoves and combustible material shall be at least thirty (30) inches (760 mm). [NFPA 54:10.14.3]

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• 916.0 Household Cooking Appliances. – 916.1 Floor-Mounted Units.

A. Clearance from Combustible Material. The clearances specified as follows shall not interfere with combustion air, accessibility for operation, and servicing.1) Listed floor-mounted household cooking appliances, where

installed on combustible floors, shall be set on their own bases or legs and shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

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2) Listed household cooking appliances with listed gas room heater sections shall be installed so that the warm-air discharge side shall have a minimum clearance of eighteen (18) inches (460 mm) from adjacent combustible material. A minimum clearance of thirty-six (36) inches (910 mm) shall be provided between the top of the heater section and the bottom of cabinets.

3) Listed household cooking appliances that include a solid or liquid fuel-burning section shall be spaced from combustible material and otherwise installed in accordance with the standards applying to the supplementary fuel section of the appliance.

4) Unlisted floor-mounted household cooking appliances shall be installed with at least six (6) inches (150 mm) clearance at the back and sides to combustible material. Combustible floors under unlisted appliances shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.15:1.1]

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• 916.1 Floor-Mounted Units.B. Vertical Clearance Above Cooking Top. Household

cooking appliances shall have a vertical clearance above the cooking top of not less than thirty (30) inches (760 mm) to combustible material or metal cabinets. A minimum clearance of twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) is permitted when one of the following is installed:1) The underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet

above the cooking top is protected with not less than one-fourth (¼) inch (6.4 mm) insulating millboard covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 inch (0.3 mm) thick.

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2) A metal ventilating hood of sheet metal not less than 0.0122 inch (03 mm) thick is installed above the cooking top with a clearance of not less than one fourth('/a) inch (6.4 mm) between the hood and the underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood is at least as wide as the appliance and is centered over the appliance.

3) A listed cooking appliance or microwave oven is installed over a listed cooking appliance and will conform to the teens of the upper appliance's listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA54:10.15.1.2]

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• 916.2 Built-In Units.A. Installation. • Listed built-in household cooking appliances shall be

installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. The installation shall not interfere with combustion air, accessibility for operation, and servicing. Unlisted built-in household cooking appliances shall not be installed in or adjacent to combustible material. [NFPA 54-09:10.15.2.1]

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B. Vertical Clearance.• Built-in top (or surface) cooking appliances shall have a

vertical clearance above the cooking top of not less than thirty (30) inches (760 mm) to combustible material or metal cabinets. A minimum clearance of twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) is permitted when one of the following is installed:

1) The underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet above the cooking top is protected with not less than one-fourth CA) inch (6.4 mm) insulating millboard covered with sheet metal not less than 0.0122 inch (0.3 mm) thick.

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• Vertical Clearance.2) A metal ventilating hood of sheet metal not less than

0.0122 inch (03 mm) thick is installed above the cooking top with a clearance of not less than one-fourth ('/a) inch (6.4 mm) between the hood and the underside of the combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood is at least as wide as the appliance and is centered over the appliance.

3) A listed cooking appliance or microwave oven is installed over a listed cooking appliance and will conform to the terms of the upper appliance's listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA54:10.15.2.2]

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– Horizontal Clearance. • The minimum horizontal distance from the center of

the burner head(s) of a listed top (or surface) cooking appliance to vertical combustible walls extending above the top panel shall be not less than that distance specified by the permanent marking on the appliance. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.3]

– Level Installation. • Built-in household cooking appliances shall be installed

so that the cooking top, broiler pan, or oven racks are level. [NFPA 54:10.15.2.4]

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• 917.0 Illuminating Appliances.– 917.1 Clearances for Listed Appliances.

• Listed illuminating appliances shall be installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.16.1]

• 917.2 Clearances for Unlisted Appliances. – Enclosed Type.

1) Unlisted enclosed illuminating appliances installed outdoors shall be installed with clearances in any direction from combustible material of not less than twelve (12) inches (300 mm).

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• 917.2 Clearances for Unlisted Appliances. A. Enclosed Type.

2) Unlisted enclosed illuminating appliances installed indoors shall be installed with clearances in any direction from combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm).

B. Open-Flame Type.1) Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installed outdoors

shall have clearances from combustible material not less than that specified in Table 9-3. The distance from ground level to the base of the burner shall be at least seven (7) feet (2,133 mm) where installed within two (2) feet (609 mm) of walkways. Lesser clearances shall be permitted to be used where acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

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2) Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installed outdoors shall be equipped with a limiting orifice or other limiting devices that will maintain a flame height consistent with the clearance from combustible material, as given in Table 9-3.

3) Appliances designed for flame heights in excess of thirty (30) inch (760 mm) shall be permitted to be installed if acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Such appliances shall be equipped with a safety shutoff device or automatic ignition.

4) Unlisted open-flame illuminating appliances installed indoors shall have clearances from combustible material acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54:10.16.2]

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– 917.3 Mounting on Buildings. • Illuminating appliances designed for wall or ceiling mounting shall be

securely attached to substantial structures in such a manner that they are not dependent on the gas piping for support. [NFPA 54:10.16.3]

– 917.4 Mounting on Posts. • Illuminating appliances designed for post mounting shall be securely

and rigidly attached to a post. Posts shall be rigidly mounted. The strength and rigidity of posts greater than three (3) feet (914 mm) in height shall be at least equivalent to that of a two and one-half (2'/2) inch (64 mm) diameter post constructed of 0.064 in. (1.6 mm) thick steel or a one (1) in. Schedule 40 steel pipe. Posts three (3) feet (914 mm) or less in height shall not be smaller than a three-fourth (34) inch Schedule 40 steel pipe. Drain openings shall be provided near the base of posts where there is a possibility of water collecting inside them. [NFPA 54:10.16.4]

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– 917.5 Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators. • Where a gas appliance pressure regulator is not supplied

with an illuminating appliance and the service line is not equipped with a service pressure regulator, an appliance pressure regulator shall be installed in the line serving one (1) or more illuminating appliances. [NFPA 54:10.16.5]

• 918.0 Incinerators, Commercial-Industrial.– Commercial-industrial-type incinerators shall be

constructed and installed in accordance with NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment. [NFPA 54:10.17]

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• 919.0 Infrared Heaters.– 919.1 Support. • Suspended-type infrared heaters shall be fixed in

position independent of gas and electric supply lines. Hangers and brackets shall be of noncombustible material. Heaters subject to vibration shall be provided with vibration isolating hangers. [NFPA 54:10.18.1]

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– 919.2 Suspended Low-Intensity Infrared Tube Heaters.• Suspended low-intensity infrared tube heaters shall be

connected to the building piping system with a connector listed for the application in accordance with ANSI Z21.24/CGA 6.10, Connectors for Gas Appliances.

A. The connector shall be installed in accordance with the tube heater installation instructions, and shall be in the same room as the appliance.

B. Only one connector shall be used per appliance. [NFPA 54-09:9.6.1.3]

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– 919.3 Clearance. A. The installation of infrared heaters shall comply with the

following clearance requirements:B. Listed heaters shall be installed with clearances from

combustible material in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. )Unlisted heaters shall be installed in accordance with clearances from combustible material acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

C. In locations used for the storage of combustible materials, signs shall be posted to specify the maximum permissible stacking height to maintain required clearances from the heater to the combustibles. [NFPA 54:10.18.2]

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– 919.4 Combustion and Ventilation Air.A. Where unvented infrared heaters are used, natural or

mechanical means shall be provided to supply and exhaust at least 4 ft3/min/1,000 Btu/h (0.38 m3/min/kW) input of installed heaters.

B. Exhaust openings for removing flue products shall be above the level of the heaters. [NFPA 54:10.18.3]

– 919.5 Installation in Commercial Garages and Aircraft Hangars. • Overhead heaters installed in garages for more than three

motor vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Sections 911.8 and 911.9. [NFPA 54:10.18.4]

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• 920.0 Open-Top Broiler Units.– 920.1 Listed Units. • Listed open-top broiler units shall be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.19.1]

– 920.2 Unlisted Units. • Unlisted open-top broiler units shall be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions but shall not be installed in combustible material. [NFPA 54:10.19.2]

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– 920.3 Protection Above Domestic Units. • Domestic open-top broiler units shall be provided with a metal

ventilating hood not less than 0.0122 in. (0.3 mm) thick with a clearance of not less than ¼ in. (6 mm) between the hood and the under-side of combustible material or metal cabinets. A clearance of at least twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm) shall be maintained between the cooking top and the combustible material or metal cabinet, and the hood shall be at least as wide as the open-top broiler unit and centered over the unit. Listed domestic open-top broiler units incorporating an integral exhaust system and listed for use without a ventilating hood need not be provided with a ventilating hood if installed in accordance with 916.1(B)(1). [NFPA 54:10.19.3]

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– 920.4 Commercial Units. • Commercial open-top broiler units shall be provided

with ventilation in accordance with Chapter 5. [NFPA 54:10.19.4]

– 921.1 Listed Units. • Listed outdoor cooking appliances shall be installed in

accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.20.1]

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– 921.2 Unlisted Units. • Unlisted outdoor cooking appliances shall be installed

outdoors with clearances to combustible material of not less than thirty-six (36) inches (910 mm) at the sides and back and not less than forty-eight (48) inches (1,220 mm) at the front. In no case shall the appliance be located under overhead combustible construction. [NFPA 54:10.20.2]

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• 922.0 Pool Heaters.– 922.1 Location. • A pool heater shall be located or protected so as to

minimize accidental contact of hot surfaces by persons. [NFPA 54:10.21.1]

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– 922.2 Clearance. • The installation of pool heaters shall comply with the

following requirements:A. In no case shall the clearances be such as to interfere with

combustion air, draft hood, or vent terminal clearance and relief, and accessibility for servicing.

B. A listed pool heater shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

C. An unlisted pool heater shall be installed with a minimum clearance of twelve (12) inches (300 mm) on all sides and the rear. A combustible floor under an unlisted pool heater shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.21.2]

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– 922.3 Temperature or Pressure-Limiting Devices.A. An unlisted pool heater shall be provided with over-

temperature protection or over-temperature and overpressure protection by means of an approved device(s).

B. Where a pool heater is provided with over- temperature protection only and is installed with any device in the discharge line of the heater that can restrict the flow of water from the heater to the pool (such as a check valve, shutoff valve, therapeutic pool valving, or flow nozzles), a pressure-relief valve shall be installed either in the heater or between the heater and the restrictive device. [NFPA4:10.21.3]

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– 922.4 Bypass Valves. • Where an integral bypass system is not provided as a part

of the pool heater, a bypass line and valve shall be installed between the inlet and outlet piping for use in adjusting the flow of water through the heater. [NFPA 54:10.21.4]

– 922.5 Venting. • A pool heater listed for outdoor installation shall be

installed with the venting means supplied by the manufacturer and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (See Sections 802.2.5, 802.2.6, 802.3.4, and 802.8). [NFPA 54:10.21.5]

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• 923.0 Refrigerators.– 923.1 Clearance. • Refrigerators shall be provided with clearances for

ventilation at the top and back in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where such instructions are not available, at least two (2) inches (50 mm) shall be provided between the back of the refrigerator and the wall and at least twelve (12) inches (300 mm) above the top. [NFPA 54:10.22.1]

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– 923.2 Venting or Ventilating Kits Approved for Use With a Refrigerator. • Where an accessory kit is used for conveying air for

burner combustion or unit cooling to the refrigerator from areas outside the room in which it is located, or for conveying combustion products diluted with air containing waste heat from the refrigerator to areas outside the room in which it is located, the kit shall be installed in accordance with the refrigerator manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54:10.22.2]

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• 924.0 Room Heaters.– 924.1 Prohibited Installations. • Unless specifically permitted by the Authority Having

Jurisdiction, unvented room heaters shall not be installed as primary heat sources. Unvented room heaters shall not be permitted in spaces that do not have the required volume of indoor air as defined in Section 701.2.• [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Unvented fuel-burning room heaters

shall II not be installed, used, maintained, or permitted to exist in a Group R Occupancy.

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• 924.1.1 Unvented room heaters shall not be installed in bathrooms or bedrooms. [NFPA 54:10.23.1] This subsection shall not apply to portable oil fired unvented heating appliances used as supplemental heating in Group S, Divisions 3, 4, and 5, and Group U Occupancies, and regulated by the Fire Code.– Exceptions:

1) Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, one listed wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff system shall be permitted to be installed in a bath-room provided that the input rating shall not exceed 6,000 Btu/hr. (1,760 W/hr) and combustion and ventilation air is provided as specified in Section 701.2. [NFPA 54:10.23.1]

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• Exceptions:2) Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, one

listed wall-mounted unvented room heater equipped with an oxygen depletion safety shutoff system shall be permitted to be installed in a bedroom provided that the input rating shall not exceed 10,000 Btu/hr. (2,930 W/hr.) and combustion and ventilation air is provided as specified in Section 701.2. [NFPA 54:10.23.1] [HCD 1 & HCD 2J Unvented fuel-burning room heaters shall not be installed, used, maintained, or permitted to exist in a Group R Occupancy.

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–924.2 Installations in Institutions. • Room heaters shall not be installed in the

following occupancies:– Residential board and care.– Health care. [NFPA 54:10.23.2]

http://www.youtube.com/v/3nMy39Pp5_U&enablejsapi=1&playerapiid=ytplayer&autoplay=1

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• 924.3 Clearance. – A room heater shall be placed so as not to cause a hazard

to walls, floors, curtains, furniture, doors when open, and so on, and to the free movements of persons within the room. Heaters designed and marked, "For use in noncombustible fireplace only," shall not be installed elsewhere. Listed room heaters shall be installed in accordance with their listings and the manufacturer's instructions. In no case shall the clearances be such as to interfere with combustion air and accessibility. Unlisted room heaters shall be installed with clearances from combustible material not less than the following:

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A. Circulating Type. • Room heaters having an outer jacket surrounding the

combustion chamber, arranged with openings at top and bottom so that air circulates between the inner and outer jacket, and arranged without openings in the outer jacket to permit direct radiation, shall have clearance at sides and rear of not less than twelve (12) inches (300 mm).

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– Radiating Type. • Room heaters other than those of the circulating type

described in Section 924.3(a) shall have clearance at sides and rear of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm), except that heaters that make use of metal, asbestos, or ceramic material to direct radiation to the front of the heater shall have a clearance of thirty-six (36) inches (910 mm) in front and, if constructed with a double back of metal or ceramic, shall be permitted to be installed with a clearance of eighteen (18) inches (460 mm) at sides and twelve (12) inches (300 mm) at rear. Combustible floors under unlisted room heaters shall be protected in an approved manner. [NFPA 54:10.23.3]

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– 924.4 Wall-Type Room Heaters. • Wall-type room heaters shall not be installed in or

attached to walls of combustible material unless listed for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.23.4]

B-Vent Counterflow Wall Furnaces by Empire Wall Heater Co.

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• 925.0 Stationary Gas Engines.– The installation of gas engines shall conform with

NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines. [NFPA 54:10.24]• 925.1 Stationary gas engines shall not be rigidly

connected to the gas supply piping. [NFPA 54-09:10.24.1]

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• 926.0 Gas-Fired Toilets.– 926.1 Clearance.

• A listed gas-fired toilet shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions, provided that the clearance shall in any case be sufficient to afford ready accessibility for use, cleanout, and necessary servicing. [NFPA 54:10.25.1] Typical electric toilet installation by

Incinolet®

http://www.barnstablecountyhealth.org/library/2011/01/Figure1.jpg

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– 926.2 Installation on Combustible Floors. • Listed gas-fired toilets installed on combustible floors

shall be listed for such installation. [NFPA 54-09:10.25.2]

– 926.3 Installation. • Vents or vent connectors that are capable of being

contacted during casual use of the room in which the toilet is installed shall be protected or shielded to prevent such contact. [NFPA 54:10.25.3]

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• 927.0 Unit Heaters.– 927.1 Support. • Suspended-type unit heaters shall be safely and

adequately supported with due consideration given to their weight and vibration characteristics. Hangers and brackets shall be of noncombustible material. [NFPA 54:10.26.1]

https://www.rezspec.com/catalog-f.html

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– 927.2 Clearance.A. Suspended-Type Unit Heaters. Suspended-type unit

heaters shall comply with the following requirements:1) A listed unit heater shall be installed with clearances from

combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm) at the sides, twelve (12) inches (300 mm) at the bottom, and six (6) inches (150 mm) above the top where the unit heater has an internal draft hood, or one (1) inch (25 mm) above the top of the sloping side of a vertical draft hood. A unit heater listed for reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

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2) Unlisted unit heaters shall be installed with clearances to combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inches (460 mm).

3) Clearances for servicing shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations contained in the installation instructions.

https://www.rezspec.com/catalog-b.html

https://www.rezspec.com/catalog-ueas.html

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B. Floor-Mounted-Type Unit Heaters. Floor-mounted type unit heaters shall comply with the following requirements:1) A listed unit heater shall be installed with clearances

from combustible material at the back and one side only of not less than six (6) inches (150 mm). Where the flue gases are vented horizontally, the six (6) inches (150 mm) clearance shall be measured from the draft hood or vent instead of the rear wall of the unit heater. A unit heater listed for reduced clearances shall be installed in accordance with its listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

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2) Floor-mounted-type unit heaters installed on combustible floors shall be listed for such installation.

3) Combustible floors under unlisted floor-mounted unit heaters shall be protected in an approved manner.

4) Clearances for servicing shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations contained in the installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.26.2]

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– 927.3 Combustion and Circulating Air.• Combustion and circulating air shall be provided in accordance

with Section 701.0. [NFPA 54:10.26.3]

– 927.4 Ductwork. • A unit heater shall not be attached to a warm-air duct system

unless listed and marked for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.26.4]

– 927.5 Installation in Commercial Garages and Aircraft Hangars. • Unit heaters installed in garages for more than three motor

vehicles or in aircraft hangars shall be of a listed type and shall be installed in accordance with Sections 911.8 and 911.9. [NFPA 54:10.26.5]

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• 928.0 Wall Furnaces. – 928.1 Installation.

A. Listed wall furnaces shall be installed in accordance with their listings and the manufacturer's instructions. Wall furnaces installed in or attached to combustible material shall be listed for such installation. [NFPA 54:10.27.1.1].

B. Unlisted wall furnaces shall not be installed in or attached to combustible material. [NFPA 54:10.27.1.2]

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• 928.0 Wall Furnaces. – 928.1 Installation.

C. Vented wall furnaces connected to a Type B-W gas vent system listed only for a single story shall be installed only in single-story buildings or the top story of multi-story buildings. Vented wall furnaces connected to a Type B-W gas vent system listed for installation in multistory buildings shall be permitted to be installed in single-story or multistory buildings. Type B-W gas vents shall be attached directly to a solid header plate that serves as a fire stop at that point and shall be permitted to be an integral part of the vented wall furnace. The stud space in which the vented wall furnace is installed shall be ventilated at the first ceiling level by installation of the ceiling plate spacers furnished with the gas vent. Fire stop spacers shall be installed at each subsequent ceiling or floor level penetrated by the vent (See Figure 9-2 for Type B-W gas vent installation). [NFPA 54:10.27.1.3]

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D. Direct-vent wall furnaces shall be installed with the vent-air intake terminal in the outside atmosphere. The thickness of the walls on which the furnace is mounted shall be within the range of wall thickness marked on the furnace and covered in the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:10.27.1.4]

E. Panels, grilles, and access doors that are required to be removed for normal servicing operations shall not be attached to the building. For additional information on the venting of wall furnaces, consult Section 802.0 in this code. [NFPA 54:10.27.1.5]

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Direct Vent Wall Heater Side View

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– 928.2 Location. • Wall furnaces shall be located so as not to cause a

hazard to walls, floors, curtains, furniture, or doors. Wall furnaces installed between bathrooms and adjoining rooms shall not circulate air from bathrooms to other parts of the building. [NFPA 54:10.27.2]

– 928.3 Combustion and Circulating Air.• Combustion and circulating air shall be provided in


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• 929.0 Appliances for Installation in Manufactured Housing.– Appliances installed in manufactured housing after

the initial sale shall be listed for installation in manufactured housing, or approved, and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this code and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Appliances installed in the living space of manufactured housing shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 701.0. [NFPA 54:10.30]

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• 930.0 Small Ceramic Kilns.– 930.1 General. • The provisions of this section apply to kilns used for

ceramics that have a maximum interior volume of twenty (20) cubic feet (0.566 m3) and are used for hobby or noncommercial purposes.

– 930.2 Installation. • Kilns shall be installed in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions and the provisions of this code.

http://www.clay-king.com/itemcakiln.htm

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– 930.3 Fuel-Gas Controls. • Fuel-gas controls shall comply with Sections 1312.1.4

and 306.0. Standing pilots shall not be used with gas-fired kilns.

– 930.4 Electrical Equipment. • All electrical equipment used as part of, or in

connection with, the installation of a kiln shall comply with the requirements set forth in the Electrical Code.

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• 930.5 Installations Inside Buildings. – In addition to other requirements specified in this section, interior

installation shall meet the following requirements;– 930.5.1 Kiln Clearances.

• The sides and tops of kilns shall be located a minimum of eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) from any noncombustible wall surface and three (3) feet (914 mm) from any combustible wall surface. Kilns shall be installed on noncombustible flooring consisting of at least two (2) inches (51 mm) of solid masonry or concrete extending at least twelve (12) inches (300 mm) beyond the base or supporting members of the kiln.

• Exception: These clearances may be reduced, provided the kiln is installed in accordance with its listing.

– In no case shall the clearance on the gas or electrical control side of a kiln be reduced to less than thirty (30) inches (762 mm).

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– 930.5.2 Hoods. • A canopy-type hood shall be installed directly above each kiln.

The face opening area of the hood shall be equal to or greater than the top horizontal surface area of the kiln. The hood shall be constructed of not less than 0.024 inch (0.61 mm) (No. 24 U.S. gauge) galvanized steel or equivalent and be supported at a height of between twelve (12) inches (300 mm) and thirty (30) inches (76 mm) above the kiln by noncombustible supports.

– Exception: Electric kilns installed with listed exhaust blowers may be used when marked as being suitable for the kiln and installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

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– 930.5.3 Gravity Ventilation Ducts. • Each hood shall be connected to a gravity ventilation duct

extending in a vertical direction to outside the building. This duct shall be of the same construction as the hood and shall have a minimum cross-sectional area of not less than one-fifteenth of the face opening area of the hood. The duct shall terminate a minimum of twelve (12) inches (300 mm) above any portion of a building within four (4) feet (1,219 mm) and terminate no less than four (4) feet (1,219 mm) from any openable windows or other openings into the building or adjacent property line. The duct opening to the outside shall be shielded, without reduction of duct area, to prevent entrance of rain into the duct. The duct shall be supported at each section by noncombustible supports.

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– 930.5.4 Makeup Air. • Provisions shall be made for air to enter the room in

which a kiln is installed at a rate at least equal to the air being removed through the kiln hood.

– 930.5.5 Hood and Duct Clearances.• Every hood and duct serving a fuel-burning kiln shall

have a clearance from combustible construction of at least eighteen (18) inches (457 mm). This clearance may be reduced in accordance with Table 3-2.

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– 930.6 Exterior Installations. • Kilns shall be installed with minimum clearances as specified

in Section 930.5.1. Wherever a kiln is located under a roofed area and is partially enclosed by more than two vertical wall surfaces, a hood and gravity ventilation duct shall be installed to comply with Sections 930.5.2, 930.5.3, and 930.5.5.

– 931.0 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems.• The installation of compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling

(dispensing) systems shall conform to NFPA 52, Compressed

Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems Code. [NFPA 54-09:10.29]

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• 932.0 Outdoor Open Flame Decorative Appliances.– 932.1 Permanently fixed in place outdoor open

flame decorative appliances shall be installed in accordance with the following. [NFPA 54-09:10.32]

– 932.1.1 Listed Units. Listed outdoor open flame decorative appliances shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54-09:10.32.1]

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• 932.0 Outdoor Open Flame Decorative Appliances.– 932.1.2 Unlisted Units.

• Unlisted outdoor open flame decorative appliances shall be installed outdoors in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions and with clearances to combustible material of not less than thirty-six (36) inches (910 mm) from the sides. In no case shall the appliance be located under overhead combustible construction. [NFPA 54-09:10.32.2]

– 932.1.3 Connection to the Piping System. • The connection to the gas piping system shall be in accordance

with 1313.1(1), (2), or (3) [NFPA 54-09:10.32.3]

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• 933.0 Appliances for Installation in Manufactured Housing.– Appliances installed in manufactured housing after

the initial sale shall be listed for installation in manufactured housing, or approved, and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this code and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Appliances installed in the living space of manufactured housing shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 303.0 [NFPA 54-09:10.30]

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• 934.0 Fuel Cell Power Plants.– Fuel cell power plants with a power output of less

than 50 kW shall be listed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Fuel cell power plants with a power output of greater than 50 kW shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 853, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems. [NFPA 54-09:10.31]

California Mechanical Code 2010 Chapter 9 LANES POINTS.

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Transcript of California Mechanical Code 2010 Chapter 9 LANES POINTS.