Calderas of Nicaragua - Activity and Monitoring
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Virginia TenorioINETER, Dirección General de Geofísica
Managua, Nicaragua
Calderas of Nicaragua - Activity and Monitoring
Foto: Open vent at Masaya volcano
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Nicaraguan Volcanic Chain
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Monitoring Systems
- Visits to active craters in regular periods- One seismic station near the active crater and main volcanic centers (and not active)- Seismic Networks at most active volcanoes- Permanent MiniDOAS, mobile miniDOAS- GPS sites, regular campaigns
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Telica VolcanoMay, 2011
San Cristobal VolcanoApril, 2006
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Height: 859 m
Activity: 1835 - Huge eruption from central crater, !!Little damage due tolow population densityType of Eruption: Plinian-PhreatomagmaticVEI: 5
Hazard Index: 14
Recent activity: Seismicity, 2002
Monitoring: Seismic broad band station
Cosigüina Caldera
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September 2002 - Strong seismic activity near Cosigüina volcano.
First mayor activityknown in 27 years of the existence of the Nicaraguan seismic Network.
Also, in the historicrecords there appearsVery little information on strong seismic activity like in septiember, 2002
Cosigüina Caldera – recent activity
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Typical for volcano.-seismic activity (VT):- The events ocurred in various pulses- The pulses liberated similar amounts of seismic energy- Ocurred many events with similar magnitude 3 < M < 4- The maximum magnitude increased 2 times- The distribution of energy was unlike tectonic activity
Cosigüina 2002 - Magnitude vs. time
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ConclusiónAccording to the formula of R. White for intruded volume from seismic moment, the volume of magma would be roughly about 500,000 m3
This didn’t seem like nearly enough to reach the surface.
We remained on alert for further seismic activity or any volcanic activity but none followed.
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Height: 1,100 mActivity: Eruption in centralcrater Type of Eruption: StrombolianaVEI: 2Hazard Index: 11History: 10 eruptions since 1524Actividad actual:Seismicity, Fumaroles T>700 C
MomotomboVolcano(remanent of Monte Galan Caldera)
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Momotombo Volcano
Frequent seismic swarmsExample: Seismicity of June, 2000
Hazard- Earthquakes - Landslides- Lahars- Ash fall- Lava flows- Catastrophic Explosions
Visit to the crater
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Height: 420 mType of Actividad: Eruption of central craterType of Eruption: PlinianHistory: Plinian 12, 6 , 2 thousand years ago Recent actividad:Seismicity Swarms
Volcano hazard- Ash fall (3 m in Managua)- Pyroclastic flows –> Managua!
- Lahars, Earthquakes
ApoyequeCaldera
M=5.0, Jan 2001.Thermal springs
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Managua – Volcanic Hazard
Managua (1 million)
Apoyeque Caldera
Apoyo CalderaMasaya
Caldera
Tiscapa volcanoNejapa-Miraflores Lineament
(Maars)
Masaya (100 000)
Cd. Sandino (80 000)
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Height: 635 mType of Activity: ExplosiveEruption Type: PlineanLast eruption: 22 y 17 thousandyears agoRecent activity:Frequent seismicswarmsDestructive earthquake M=5.2, July 2000.0.5 m displacement verticalThermal springs . High SO2, CO2. Peoples died
Apoyo Caldera
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Santiago CraterMasaya CalderaHeight: 635 m
Type of Activity Violent crisis due to degasificationType of Eruption: Hawaiian StrombolianaVEI: 2Hazard Index: 10History: Very Active since 1720Recent Activity:Lava LakeSO2 5000 t/day, sporadic explosions
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Volcanic hazard- Lava flows- Lahars
Huella de Acuahualinca
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MasayaVolcano
Volcanic hazard- Pyroclastic flows- Ash fall- Gas column- Sporadic explotion
Explosion. April, 2001
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Volcanic hazard- Seismic events
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Destructive Earthquakes between Apoyo and Masaya calderasJuly, 2000: Two main events of magnitud 5.4 and 5.2 with one day time difference.
One minute before,the Earthquake occurred
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Destructive Earthquakes between Apoyo and Masaya calderasJuly, 2000: Two main events of magnitud 5.4 and 5.2 with one day time difference.
M=5.4
foreshock
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M=5.2
M=5.4
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Conclusions• It appears that calderas are exceptionally stable volcanic
structures, in the sense that they can accommodate a large amount of unrest, especially occasional intrusions, without producing eruptions.
• It appears that they can accommodate significant purely tectonic activity as well, that does not affect the volcanic system in any visible way.
• It also appears that adjacent calderas may be connected by tectonic structures and transfer stresses from one to the other without transfering any significant stress to the magma?
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Nicaraguan Civil DefenseMonitoring and Operations
Center Discussion on EmergencyPlans for Managua
Gen. Perezcassar and V. Tenorio
Rapid automaticinformation system for
seismic eventswithin 2 minutes
Volcano Disaster Plans for Managua
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GRACIAS