California Missions4th grade Social Studies

Caitlin Santa

Table of Contents

Brief history Founding

Impact on native people

Design and Architecture Parts of a mission

Architectural features

Famous missions Santa Barbara

San Diego

Santa Cruz

Missions in modern times

Mission History

Spanish rule- King

Charles III

Father Junipero Serra

founded the first

missions

Create a literate

population that would

have been useful to the

Spanish government

Bring Christianity to the

native people

Built near coasts

21 missions total

spanning 650 miles

Religious and military

conquests

Cost a great deal of lives

Map

Tensions with the native

peopleTensions with Mexico

Many American Indians

were forced to convert

to Catholicism, learn

Spanish and learn

various trades

Diseases were also

spread- measles

epidemic of 1806

Many cultures were

wiped out by the

Europeans

Mexico proclaimed

native people with the

Alta California area

free and eligible to

become Mexican

citizens

1827- Spaniards under

60 were expelled from

the territory

Cultural Impacts

Design

All missions were built with a similar layout

Rectangular courtyard

Shops, rooms, church

Bell tower

Site selection

Close to the coast

Large populations of potential converts

Land for farming and livestock

Architecture

Rectangular courtyard

Pediments

Bell towers

Columns and arches

San Diego

California’s

first mission

• Founded in 1769 by Father

Serra

• Named by Spanish

explorers for the feast day of

St Didacus

• Rebuilt and moved after

Native Indians burned it

down

• This mission is still an active

parish

Santa

Barbara

10th mission

Established in 1786 around the

feast day of Saint Barbara

The land on which it was built

was originally inhabited by the

Chumash

The Chumash are credited for

much of the missions agricultural

success

A high school and junior college

were at one time part of the

grounds

Santa Cruz

Holy Cross

12th mission, established in 1791

Spanish explorer named the area

Santa Cruz in 1769

Founded during a peaceful time

between missionaries and

Spanish military

Missions Today

Regarded as an important aspect of California

heritage

Some are still working churches

Many of them are historical landmarks

The original mission trail, known as El Camino Real,

can be still be followed through several freeways.

Some of California’s most prominent cities, including

Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco, were

built due to the mission system

ReferencesO http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California

O http://www.cuca.k12.ca.us/lessons/missions/history/generalhistory.html#founding

O http://www.flickr.com/photos/44177780@N06/sets/72157623031459872/detail/?page=

2

O http://www.google.com/imgres?q=santa+barbara+mission+courtyard&um=1&hl=en&bi

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av.com/blog/chiocciola/2008/11/santa_barbara_mission.html&docid=E0qOendin2d0N

M&w=600&h=450&ei=AEaKTsOFDeOnsQKx5oymAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=373&pa

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missions.org/oldsite/illusgl.html&docid=RXu9TyjbMd3gMM&w=459&h=298&ei=NUaKT

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hl=en&biw=1639&bih=720&tbm=isch&tbnid=i1rBhgwlPoN5eM:&imgrefurl=http://www.f

lickr.com/photos/44177780%40N06/sets/72157623031459872/detail/%3Fpage%3D2&

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1&page=1&tbnh=174&tbnw=217&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=90&ty=66