Caesar’s Consulship and Gallic War

59 BC Consulship

• GJC and M. Calpurnius Bibulus• Land bill• Cato• Marginalizing Bibulus• Gallia Cisalpina and Illyricum

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_map_of_Gaul_1st_century_BC.svg

59 BC Consulship

• New land bill• Pompey marries Julia• Gallia Transalpina• Crassus?• Public opinion• The senate’s deal

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

58 BC In Rome

• Cicero exiled thanks to Clodius• Cato sent to Cyprus• Pompey powerful• Mob rule• Cicero recalled

58 BC in Gaul

• Helvetii on the march• Through Transalpina/Province?• Through Sequani and Aedui?• Bridge over Saone

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

58 BC in Gaul

• Helvetii retreat to Bibracte• Caesar follows• Lingones• Helvetii go back

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone RiverLingones

Bibracte

Rhon

e Ri

ver

58 BC in Gaul

• Fear of Ariovistus (of the Suebi)• Incursions and Germans

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

Suebi

57 BC in Gaul

• Belgae uprising• Nervii obstinant• Atuatuci

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

SuebiNervii

57/56 in Rome

• 15 day supplicatio • Grain shortage• Clodius (56 aedile) and Pompey• Pompey unpopular and impotent• Luca and renewed agreement• Cicero ensures Caesar’s new legions and

extended provincial command

56 BC in Gaul

• Veneti uprising• Example for the rest of Gaul• Aquitani

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

SuebiNervii

Veneti

Aquitani

55 BC in Rome

• New level of unpopularity for triumvirate• Senate impotent and violence rules• Cato and Domitius• Law to levy more troops

55 BC in Gaul

• Usipites and Tencteri• Crossing the Rhine• Britain

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

SuebiNervii

Veneti

Aquitani

Usipites

Tencteri

55-53 BC in Rome

• Senate questions Caesar’s tactics• 20 day supplicatio• Political machine completely broken• 53 elections postponed• Pompey needed but not trusted• Julia dies in 54

54/53 BC in Gaul

• Invasion of Britain (again)• 54 Widespread and effective Gallic uprisings• 53 Caesar attacks Nervii, Senones, Carnutes• Ambiorix with Menapii and Treveri• Suebi and Eburones

• Crassus killed in Parthia

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

SuebiNervii

Veneti

Aquitani

Menapii

SenonesCarnutes

Treveri

Eburones

52 BC in Rome

• Milo and Clodius• Pompey and Senatus Consultum Ultimum

52 BC in Gaul

• Vercingetorix from Averni• Senones, Prisii, Pictones, Cadurci, Turoni,

Aulerci, Lemovices and Andes, Bituriges, Ruteni, Nitiobroges, Gabali, and all from Atlantic coast

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

SuebiNervii

Veneti

Aquitani

Menapii

SenonesCarnutes

Treveri

Eburones

Pictones

Parisii

Cadurci

Turoni

Aulerci

Lemovices

Andes

Bituriges

Nitiobroges

Ruteni

Gabali

52 BC in Gaul• Caesar secures Transalpina• Averni• Boii• Noviodunum• Avaricum• Gergovia• Bibracte pact• Jura• Alesia

Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Cisalpina

Illyricum

SequaniAedui HelvetiiSaone River

Rhon

e Ri

ver

Germani

Rhine River

SuebiNervii

Veneti

AquitaniAverni

Gergovia Bibracte

Alesia

Jura Mts.

Avaricum

Noviodunum

Boii

52 BC Alesia

Alesia

http://blackwidowhuntingmadefun.blogspot.com/2009/12/battle-of-alesia.html

http://backtothebattle.wordpress.com/2012/07/20/back-to-the-battle-of-alesia-2/

52 BC in Rome

• 20 day supplicatio• Tribunes pass in absentia law• Pompey and senate invalidate it

52-50 BC in Gaul

• Brutal winter in 52/51• Uxellodunum• Generosity• Aquitania• 50 peaceful

51 BC in Rome

• The man from Novum Comum• Sulpicius Rufus• Senate as factious as ever• Curio the tribune• Paullus the consul

50 BC in Rome

• Curio’s compromise• Marc Antony

49 BC

• Caesar’s compromises• Senatus Consultum Ultimum• Rubicon