CAE Result - Unit 06

1CAE Result © Oxford University Press

Lead in6.1 digestive /daI"dZestiv/ (adj) connected with the digestion of

food � digestion (n), digest (n, v)

6.2 celery /"sel@ri/ (n) vegetable with long crisp light green

stems often eaten raw in salads

6.3 pretence /prI"tens/ (n) act of behaving in a particular way

in order to make others believe sth that is not true Often found in the expression under false pretences. � pretension (n), pretend (v, adj)

6.4 fishy /"fISi/ (adj) that makes you suspicious because

it seems dishonest ◆ Don’t you have a feeling there’s something fishy about his explanation for the missing money? Informal.

6.5 sue /su:/ (v) make a claim against sb in court

about sth that they have said or done to harm you

6.6 install /In"stO:l/ (v) fix equipment or furniture into

position so that it can be used� installer (n), installation (n)

Reading6.7 substance /"sVbst@ns/ (n) type of liquid, solid or gas that has

particular qualities Often used with adjectives when the exact substance is not known: an oily substance, a watery substance. Also, the quality of being important or significant (formal). � substantial (adj), substantially (adv)

6.8 unforeseen /%VnfO:"si:n/ (adj) that you did not expect to happen

Often used with the following expression: Due to unforeseen circumstances, the library will be shut this afternoon. � foresee (v)

6.9 principle /"prIns@pl/ (n) general or scientific law that

explains how sth works or why sth happens ◆ His magic trick looked very effective but was based on the simple principle that hot air rises.

Do not confuse with principal (adj), which means the main or most important thing: Lack of time was our principal reason for not visiting you.

6.10 discomfort /dIs"kVmf@t/ (n) feeling of slight pain, physically

or emotionally Opposite = comfort; note that the adjective and adverb forms take un-.� discomfort (v), comfortable (adj), uncomfortable (adj), uncomfortably (adv)

6.11 at will /@t "wIl/ (phr) whenever or wherever you like

◆ We have been given a front door key so that we can come and go at will.

Superheroes

6.12 acquire /@"kwaI@(r)/ (v) gain or obtain sth either because it is

given to you or by your own efforts ◆ The City Art Gallery has recently acquired two Dutch paintings from an anonymous donor.

6.13 radiation /%reIdi"eISn/ (n) powerful and dangerous rays

that are sent out from radioactive substances � radioactivity (n), radiographer (n), radiography (n), radiologist (n), radiology (n), radiate (v), radioactive (adj)

6.14 beam /bi:m/ (n) line of energy such as light,

electricity, etc. ◆ When driving at night in the countryside, put your car headlights on full beam to light the road ahead. � beam (v)

6.15 bugle /"bju:gl/ (n) musical instrument like a small

trumpet, used in the army for giving signals � bugler (n)

6.16 (crime)-ridden

/"(kraIm) %rIdn/ (adj) full of a particular unpleasant

thing Usually in compounds, as here. Note the different meaning of bedridden = having to stay in bed all the time because you are sick, injured or old.

6.17 scale /skeIl/ (v) climb to the top of sth very high

and steep

6.18 adhere (to) /@d"hI@/ (v) stick firmly (to Also, follow a

particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing sth. � adherence (n), adhesive (n)

6.19 nook and cranny

/%nUk @n "kr&ni/ (idm) every part of a place or every

aspect of a situation ◆ There isn’t a space in my Aunty Annie’s house that isn’t filled with china ornaments. She has them in every nook and cranny imaginable.

Would you believe it?Words and phrases

6

2 CAE Result © Oxford University Press

6.20 deceptively /dI"septIvli/ (adv) likely to make you believe sth that

is not true � deceit (n), deception (n), deceive (v), deceptive (adj)

6.21 gossamer /"gQs@m@(r)/ (n) very fine thread made by spiders

6.22 dragline /"dr&glaIn/ (n) the silk used by spiders to build

their webs

6.23 flee (from) /fli:/ (v) leave a place or sb very quickly

because you are afraid of possible danger With places, both flee or flee from can be used. With people, from must be used: They fled from the advancing army.

6.24 doomed /du:md/ (adj) certain to be destroyed, die,

suffer, fail, etc. ◆ Having not been properly thought through, the prisoners’ escape plan was doomed from the start. � doom (n, v)

6.25 adopt /@"dQpt/ (v) take sb else’s child into your

family and become its legal parents See also 5.83 � adopter (n),

adoption (n)

6.26 mild-mannered

/%maIld "m&n@d/ (adj) gentle and not usually angry or

violent

6.27 bound /baUnd/ (n) high or long jump � bound (v)

6.28 convert /k@n"v3:t/ (v) change or make sth (or sb) change

from one form, purpose, system, belief to another � convert (n), conversion (n)

6.29 harvest /"hA:vIst/ (v) collect in order to use Commonly

to cut and gather crops, or to collect cells for medical purposes � harvest (n), harvester (n)

6.30 photosynthesis

/%f@Ut@U"sInT@sIs/ (n) process by which green plants turn

carbon dioxide and water into food using energy obtained from light from the sun � photosynthesise (v), photosynthetic (adj)

6.31 carbon dioxide

/%kA:b@n daI"QksaId/ (n) gas breathed out by people

or animals from the lungs, or produced by burning carbon

6.32 glucose /"glu:k@Us/ (n) type of sugar found in fruit and

easily changed into energy by the human body

6.33 chlorophyll /"klQr2@fIl/ (n) green substance in plants that

absorbs light from the sun to help them grow

6.34 accelerate /@k"sel@reIt/ (v) make sth happen faster or earlier

than expected � accelerator (n), acceleration (n)

6.35 tremendous /trI"mend@s/ (adj) very great, usu. in strength or size

Without further qualification, this adjective is positive: The performance was tremendous = excellent. � tremendously (adv)

6.36 reserve /rI"z3:v/ (n) supply of sth that is available to

be used in the future or when it is needed Also used in the idiom (keep/have sth) in reserve.� reserve (v), reserved (adj)

6.37 acute /@"kju:t/ (adj) very sensitive and well developed

◆ an acute sense of hearing� acuteness (n), acutely (adv)

6.38 radar /"reIdA:(r)/ (n) system that uses radio waves to

find the position and movement of objects, e.g. planes and ships, when they cannot be seen

6.39 faint /feInt/ (adj) that cannot be clearly seen, heard

or smelt ◆ I thought I heard a faint tapping noise from behind that wall. � faintly (adv)

6.40 odour /"@Ud@(r)/ (n) smell, usu. unpleasant � odorous

(adj)

6.41 emit /I"mIt/ (v) send out, e.g. a sound, light, heat,

gas, etc. � emission (n)

6.42 high-pitched /%haI "pItSt/ (adj) used to describe a sound that is

very high ◆ a high-pitched voice/scream

6.43 mutant /"mju:t@nt/ (n) a creature in a science-fiction

story, which has an unusual and frightening appearance because of a change in its genetic structure

Also a biological term for a living thing with different qualities from its parents’ because of a change in genetic structure� mutation (n), mutant (adj), mutate (v)

6.44 despise /dI"spaIz/ (v) dislike and have no respect for sb/

sth � despicable (adj), despicably (adv)

6.45 isolate /"aIs@leIt/ (v) separate sb/sth physically or

socially from other people or things ◆ Children suffering from chicken-pox should be isolated so they don’t infect others. � isolation (n), isolated (adj)

6.46 levitate /"levIteIt/ (v) rise or make sth rise and float in

the air with no physical support, esp. by means of magic or special mental powers � levitation (n)

6.47 forcefield /"fO:sfi:ld/ (n) barrier of, e.g. energy that you

cannot see and is difficult to penetrate Also force field

6.48 generate /"dZen@reIt/ (v) produce or create sth Can

mean to produce or create sth intentionally or as a consequence of another process: Jeremy loves experimenting with different recipes, but they seem to generate a lot of washing-up! � generator (n), generation (n), generative (adj)

6.49 steel /sti:l/ (n) strong hard metal made of iron

and carbon


6.50 magnetic /m&g"netIk/ (adj) having the properties of a magnet,

a piece of iron that attracts other iron objects towards it, either naturally or because an electric current is passed through it� magnet (n), magnetism (n), magnetise (v), magnetically (adv)

6.51 electromagnet

/I%lektr@U"m&gn@t/ (n) piece of metal which becomes

magnetic when electricity is passed through it.

6.52 rails /reIlz/ (n pl)

the two metal bars that form the track that trains run on

6.53 conventional

/k@n"venS@nl/ (adj) following what is traditional or

the way sth has been done for a long time ◆ We decided to try out something new, as the conventional methods didn’t work out.� convention (n), unconventional (adj), (un)conventionally (adv)

6.54 friction /"frIkSn/ (n) the force which is created when

two things rub against each other and which makes them stick together ◆ If you rub a balloon on your head, friction makes your hair stand on end.

6.55 diamagnetic

/%daI@m&g"netIk/ (adj) used to describe a substance which

is repelled by a magnet

6.56 repel /rI"pel/ (v) drive sth away, push apart with

magnetic force � repulsion (n)

6.57 gamma bomb

/"g&m@ %bQm/ (n) bomb that causes high-energy rays

of very short wavelength to be sent out by radioactive substances

6.58 reckless /"rekl@s/ (adj) showing a lack of care about

danger and the possible results of your actions � recklessness (n), recklessly (adv)

6.59 stray /streI/ (v) move away from where you are

supposed to be, often unintentionally Often used to describe pets that wander away from home and become separated from their owners. � stray (n, adj):Our children wanted a dog so we’ve adopted a stray from a local dogs’ home.

6.60 fury /"fjU@ri/ (n) extreme anger that often includes

violent behaviour Her eyes blazed with fury. � infuriate (v), furious (adj), furiously (adv)

6.61 bulk /bVlk/ (n) size, weight or quantity of sth

buy in bulk = buy a lot of sth at the same time � bulk sth up (phr v)

6.62 cuttlefish /"kVtlfIS/ (n) sea creature with ten arms and a

wide flat shell inside its body, that produces a black substance like ink when it is attacked

6.63 camouflage /"k&m@flA:Z/ (n) way in which an animal’s

colour (or shape) matches its surroundings and makes it difficult to see Also a way of hiding soldiers and military equiptment using paint, leaves or nets so that they look like part of the surroundings. � camouflage (v)

Vocabulary6.64 creep /kri:p/ (v) move with your body close to

the ground, move slowly on your hands and knees ◆ The children crept under the table to hide from their mother.

6.65 glance /glA:ns/ (v) look quickly at sth/sb ◆ I usually

glance at the newspaper headlines over breakfast but don’t have time to read any of the stories in detail. � glance (n)

6.66 stumble /"stVmbl/ (v) hit your foot against sth as you are

walking or running, and almost fall ◆ Unable to find the light switch, and stumbling around his hotel room in the dark, Dave fell over a chair.

6.67 hobble /"hQbl/ (v) walk with difficulty, esp. because

your feet or legs hurt

6.68 totter /"tQt@(r)/ (v) walk or move with weak, unsteady

steps, especially because you are drunk or ill ◆ Feeling really sick, I barely managed to totter back to bed.

6.69 gaze /geIz/ (v) look steadily at sb/sth for a long

time, either because you are very interested or surprised, or because you are thinking of sth else◆ In the evenings, we usually went to the seafront and gazed at the magnificent sunset. � gaze (n)

6.70 limp /lImp/ (v) walk slowly or with difficulty

because one leg is injured � limp (n)

6.71 plod /plQd/ (v) walk slowly with heavy steps, esp.

because you are tired ◆ Although we were exhausted, we plodded on through the muddy fields. � plod (n), plodding (adj)

6.72 glimpse /glImps/ (v) see sb/sth for a moment, but

not very clearly The noun is more common, as found in the expression: catch a glimpse ofsth/sb. � glimpse (n)

6.73 glare /gle@(r)/ (v) look at sb/sth in an angry way

glare (n)

6.74 stagger /"st&g@(r)/ (v) walk with unsteady steps, often

moving from side to side, as if you are about to fall � stagger (n)


6.75 peep /pi:p/ (v) look quickly and secretly at sth,

esp. through a small opening or through your hands if you are using them to cover your eyes ◆ Every Christmas as a child I used to peep in my parents’ wardrobe looking for hidden presents. � peep (n)

6.76 trip /trIp/ (v) catch your foot on sth and fall or

almost fall ◆ Make sure you put all those ropes away, or else someone might trip over them.

6.77 crawl /krO:l/ (v) move forward on your hands and

knees, with your body close to the ground ◆ Our baby daughter has started to crawl.

Grammar6.78 overalls /"@Uv@rO:lz/ (n pl) loose piece of clothing like a shirt

and trousers in one piece, made of heavy fabric and usually worn over other clothing by workers doing dirty work

6.79 rash /r&S/ (n) an area of red spots on a person’s

skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to sth

6.80 assumption /@"sVmpSn/ (n) a belief or feeling that sth is

true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof ◆ It was impossible to make assumptions about how she would react when she heard the news. � assume (v)

6.81 deduction /dI"dVkSn/ (n) the process of using information

you have in order to understand a particular situation or to find the answer to a problem◆ Archaeologists study their findings to make deductions about how people lived in ancient years. � deduce (v), deductive (adj)

6.82 safe /seIf/ (n) strong metal box or cupboard with

a complicated lock, used for storing valuable things in, for example, money or jewels � safe (adj), safely (adv), safety (n), save (v)

6.83 burglar-proof

/"b3:gl@ %pru:f/ (adj) that cannot be burgled

6.84 fraction /"fr&kSn/ (n) division of a number, e.g. ½, or

mathematical problem involving these divisions

6.85 trap /tr&p/ (v)

keep sb in a dangerous place or bad situation that they want to get out of but cannot ◆ Fortunately, the firemen managed to save the three people who were trapped inside the burning building. Usually used in the passive. � trap (n)

Listening6.86 expose /Ik"sp@Uz/ (v) tell the true facts about sb or

sth, showing them/it to be false, immoral, illegal, etc. � exposé (n), exposure (n)

6.87 lip-synch /"lIp %sINk/ (v) move your mouth, without singing,

so that its movements match the sound on a recorded song Also lip-sync.

6.88 second-rate

/%sek@nd "reIt/ (adj) not very good or impressive

Note that although first-rate = the very best, second-rate is almost always rather critical and does not mean the same as second best.

6.89 awkward /"O:kw@2d/ (adj) unnatural, not graceful ◆ He was

lying in a very awkward position which had made his back sore. � awkwardness (n), awkwardly (adv)

6.90 insult /"InsVlt/ (n) action or remark that offends sb,

usu. but not always deliberately◆ I considered it a downright insult to be offered so little for my car when I was selling it. � insult (v), insulting (adj), insultingly (adv)

6.91 charisma /k@"rIzm@/ (n) powerful personal quality that

some people have to attract and impress other people � charismatic (adj), charismatically (adv)

6.92 chiselled /"tSIzld/ (adj) having clear strong facial features

(as if cut by a chisel, a tool used for shaping wood, stone or metal) � chisel (n, v)

6.93 instantaneous

/%Inst@n"teIni@s/ (adj) happening immediately � instance

(n), instant (n), instantaneously (adv)

6.94 rocket /"rQkIt/ (v) achieve a successful position

very quickly ◆ After rocketing to stardom with their first hit single, the band has never been heard of again.

6.95 lurk /l3:k/ (v) be present or wait somewhere

secretly, esp. with the intention of doing sth bad ◆ Gina’s heart jumped as she caught sight of a dark figure lurking in the shadows.

6.96 duo /"dju:@U/ (n) two people who perform together

or are often seen or thought of together ◆ Meanwhile Batman and Robin, the dynamic duo, are preparing to fight Mr Freeze.� duet (n), dual (adj)

6.97 mime /maIm/ (v) pretend to sing a song that is

actually on a recording or being sung by sb else Also the use of movement and expression to act without speaking. � mime (n)


6.98 confront /k@n"frVnt/ (v) face or make sb face an unpleasant

situation ◆ Confronted with the truth, Steve was forced to accept that Becky had been lying about everything. � confrontation (n), confrontational (adj), confrontationally

6.99 sham /S&m/ (n) person or sth that pretends to be sth

that they are not � sham (adj, v)

6.100 latch onto (sth)

/%l&tS "Qntu:/ (phr v) develop a strong interest in sth

6.101 artificial /%A:tI"fISl/ (adj) created by people, not happening

naturally � artifice (n), artificiality (n), artificially (adv)

6.102 fortune /"fO:tju:n/ (n) large amount of money Often

found in the expression a small fortune which (despite small) still implies a lot more money than you think is reasonable: I paid a small fortune for this jacket and it’s falling apart already.

6.103 mike /maIk/ (n) common abbreviation for

microphone Also mic.� mike sb up (v)

6.104 conform (to) /k@n"fO:m/ (v) be, behave or think the same as

most other people in a group or society � conformity (n), (non-)conformist (n, adj)

6.105 wind /"wInd/ (v) make sb temporarily unable to

breathe, usu. because of a blow to the stomach. � wind (n)h Not related to long-winded = continuing for too long and therefore boring, e.g. sb talking or sth that you are reading.

Speaking6.106 fancy dress /%f&nsi "dres/ (n) clothes that you wear, esp. at

parties, to make you appear to be a different character

6.107 make-believe

/"meIk bI%li:v/ (n) imagining that you are sb else, esp.

in a child’s game ◆ In her land of make-believe, Alice could be a pirate one day and a famous explorer the next. � make believe (idm)

6.108 self-conscious

/%self "kQnS@s/ (adj) nervous or embarrassed about your

appearance or what other people think of you � self-consciousness (n), self-consciously (adv)

6.109 be torn (between)

/bi "tO:n/ (v) unable to decide or choose between

two things, people or feelings If the two things are understood or mentioned immediately afterwards, there is no need to use between: Bowling or a night club? I’m really torn. Which one’s cheaper? � tear (v)

Use of English6.110 fool /fu:l/ (v) trick sb into believing sth that is

not true ◆ Well, I know Marion very well, so she can’t fool me into agreeing with her plans. � fool (n), foolish (adj), foolishly (adv)

6.111 identical /aI"dentIkl/ (adj) similar in every detail ◆ The two

pictures are quite similar, but not identical. � identically (adv)

6.112 rotate /r@U"teIt/ (v) turn sth around a central fixed

point ◆ The Earth rotates around the Sun. � rotation (n), rotating (adj), rotational (adj)

6.113 simultaneously

/%sIm@l"teIni@sli/ (adv) happening or done at the same

time as sth else � simultaneity (n), simultaneous (adj)

6.114 readily /"redIli/ (adv) quickly and without difficulty

◆ She readily agreed to change our plans, once it was clear we could not stay at the village any more.

6.115 dimension

/d@"menSn, dI-, daI-/ (n) measurement, e.g. height, width or

length of sth the dimensions = all the relevant measurements for sth: Please could you confirm the dimensions of the bookcase?

6.116 portion /"pO:Sn/ (n) amount of food that is large

enough for one person ◆ This restaurant serves very generous portions of food.

6.117 confide /k@n"faId/ (v) tell sb secrets and personal

information that you do not want other people to know ◆ A good friend ought to be someone you can trust and confide in.

6.118 attentive /@"tentIv/ (adj) listening or watching carefully

and with interest ◆ The students are usually very attentive but recently their concentration hasn’t been so good. � attentiveness (n), attentively (adv)

6.119 version /"v3:Sn/ (n) a copy of sth that is slightly

different from the original thing◆ The Greek version of Paolo Coelho’s The Alchemist was released last year.

6.120 betray /bI"treI/ (v) hurt sb who trusts you, especially

by not being loyal or faithful to them ◆ It was difficult for me to accept that Fiona had betrayed our friendship. � betrayal (n)

6.121 take sb in

/%teIk ... "In/ (phr v) make sb believe sth that is not

true, deceive ◆ I was taken in by his story at first, but then I realised he was lying. Usually used in the passive.

6.122 gadget /"g&dZIt/ (n) small tool or device that does sth

useful Device is more formal.

6.123 capital /"k&pItl/ (n) large amount of money that is

invested or is used to start a business


6.139 opponent /@"p@Un@nt/ (n) person or team that you are

playing or fighting against in a competition, argument, etc. � opposition (n), oppose (v), opposed (adj), opposing (adj)

6.140 suspense /s@"spens/ (n) feeling of worry or excitement that

you have when you feel that sth is going to happen, sb is going to tell you some news, etc. ◆ Don’t keep me in suspense! Tell me who the letter is from!

6.141 ardent /"A:d@nt/ (adj) very enthusiastic and showing

strong feelings about sth or sb Almost always used with a

following noun: an ardent fan/support/admirer/viewer, etc.

6.142 (be) on tenterhooks

/(bi) %Qn "tent@hUks/ (idm) (be) very anxious or excited while

you are waiting to find out sth or see what will happen ◆ Anna’s been watching for the postman every day this week. She’s on tenterhooks until her exam results arrive.

6.143 sneer (at) /snI@(r)/ (v) show that you have no respect

for sb or sth by the expression on your face or by the way you speak � sneer (n), sneering (adj), sneeringly (adv)

6.144 detached /dI "t&Ít/ (adj) showing a lack of feeling,

indifferent ◆ We ought to be caring and understanding with other people’s problems, not detached and indifferent. � detach (v), detachment (n)

6.145 trial /"traI@l/ (n) experience that causes difficulties

for sb, often to test them Often found in the phrase trial(s) and tribulation(s)

6.146 tribulation /%trIbju"leISn/ (n) great trouble or suffering Very

formal on its own, but commonly found in the phrase trial(s) and tribulation(s).

6.132 cohesion /k@U"hi:Zn/ (n) for a text: the way all the parts

of the text are properly linked together Also: the act or state of sticking together. � cohesiveness (n), cohesive (adj)

6.133 register /"reÙIst@(r)/ (n) level and style of a piece of

writing or speech, that is usually appropriate to the situation that it is used in

6.134 desensitised

/%di:"sens@taIzd/ (adj) made less aware of sth, especially

a problem or sth bad ◆ When people have experienced wars they often become desensitised to violence. � sensitise (v), (in)sensitive (adj), (in)sensitivity (n)

6.135 addictive /@"dIktIv/ (adj) describes sth that you need to do

as often as possible because you enjoy it, or that you cannot stop doing � addict (n), addiction (n), be addicted to (v)

6.136 debate /dI"beIt/ (n) discussion of sth in a formal

situation ◆ There was a televised debate last night between the two main candidates for the presidential election. � debate (v) debatable (adj)

6.137 let off steam

/%let %Qf "sti:m/ (idm) get rid of your energy, anger or

strong emotions by doing sth active or noisy ◆ Whenever my husband is really stressed and needs to let off steam, he gets on his mountain bike and climbs the nearby mountains.

Review6.138 merchandise

/"m3:tS@ndaIs, -daIz/ (n) goods that are bought or sold,

esp. those that are connected with, or advertise, sth in particular ◆ Amongst the ‘Harry Potter’ merchandise you can purchase are t-shirts, owl puppets and calendars.

Vocabulary6.124 too right /%tu: "raIt/ (idm) used to say that there is no doubt

about sth

6.125 pop out /%pQp "aUt/ (phr v) go out somewhere quickly,

suddenly or for a short time

6.126 by rights /%baI "raIts/ (phr) according to what is proper

6.127 left, right and centre

/%left, %raIt @n "sent@/ (idm) everywhere, in all directions; also

right, left and centre with the same meaning

6.128 have two left feet

/h&v %tu: left "fi:t/ (idm) be very awkward in your

movements, esp. when dancing or playing a sport

6.129 leftovers /"left@Uv@z/ (n pl) food that has not been eaten at the

end of a meal, which may then be eaten later � be left over (phr v)

6.130 know your left from your

right /%n@U jO: %left fr@m jO: "raIt/ (idm)

have sense of direction, sense of orientation ◆ Jon doesn’t know his left from his right so he always gets lost when he goes on walks.

Writing6.131 format /"fO:m&t/ (n) way that, e.g. a TV programme

is arranged ◆ The format of ‘Mr and Mrs’ has been the same for years: married couples are asked questions to see how much they really know about each other.

Also: the size of a book or the way data is stored on a computer: “What format will it be in?” “I’ll send it as a JPEG.” � formatting (n), format (v), formatted (adj)


6.168 tip the balance

/%tIp D@ "b&l@ns/ (idm) affect the result of sth in one way

rather than another ◆ A few more votes should tip the balance in our favour and then I think we’ll win the election.

6.169 mentor /"mentO:(r)/ (n) experienced person who advises

and helps sb with less experience over a period of time ◆ Many well-known actors have been guided by a mentor, who was also their agent.

6.170 my heart sinks

/%maI %hA:t "sINks/ (phr) used to say that you suddenly feel

sad or depressed about sth◆ My heart suddenly sank when I realised how much work was still to be done.

6.171 disorder /dIs"O:d@(r)/ (n) illness that causes a part of the

body to stop functioning correctly ◆ People with some mental disorders can be treated at home if their family are able to give their full support.

6.172 cull (sth) from /kVl/ (phr v) choose or collect sth from a source

or several different sources ◆ The album includes a number of songs culled from the archives of the record company.

6.173 villainous /"vIl@n@s/ (adj) very wicked, very unpleasant

� villain (n)

6.174 acne /"&kni/ (n) skin condition, common among

young people, that produces many spots, esp. on the face and neck

6.175 take the fall

/%teIk D@ "fO:l/ (phr) accept responsibility for sth

◆ The manager takes the fall if the team loses.

6.176 mandatory /"m&nd@t@ri/ (adj) required by law, compulsory

◆ School uniforms are mandatory in many schools in the UK, but in Greece we no longer have to wear one.

6.158 relent /rI"lent/ (v) change your mind, finally agree to

sth after disagreeing ◆ No matter what she said, her parents would not relent in their decision to send her to a boarding school.� relentless (adj), relentlessly (adv), unrelenting (adj)

6.159 the credits /D@ "kredIts/ (n pl) list of people involved in making a

film, shown at the end

6.160 dump /dVmp/ (v) end a romantic relationship with sb

◆ I was going out with Sue for a month when she suddenly dumped me for my best friend! Informal.

6.161 pad /p&d/ (v) walk with quiet steps ◆ Ken almost

gave me a heart attack when he padded across the room and tapped me on the shoulder!

6.162 reincarnate /%ri:In"kA:neIt/ (v) be born again in another body

after you have died, make sb be born again in this way� reincarnation (n)

6.163 assassin /@"s&sIn/ (n)

person who murders sb important or famous, for money or for political reasons � assassination (n), assassinate (v)

6.164 stab /st&b/ (v)

push a sharp, pointed object, especially a knife, into sb, killing or injuring them � stab (n)

6.165 bustier /"bVstieI/ (n) woman’s tight top without sleeves

or shoulder straps

6.166 disembodied

/%dIsIm"bQdId/ (adj) (of sounds) coming from a person

or place that cannot be seen or identified

6.167 destiny /"dest@ni/ (n) what happens to sb or what will

happen to them in the future, esp. things that they cannot change or avoid ◆ Some people believe their destiny is decided at birth, so they have no control over how their life will turn out. � destined (adj)

WorkbookReading6.147 assault /@"sO:lt, @"sQlt/ (n) crime of attacking sb physically

� assailant (n), assault (v)

6.148 box-office hit

/%bQks %QfIs "hIt/ (phr) film that is a big success and has

sold a large number of tickets

Can girls be superheroes?

6.149 the charts /D@ "ÍA:ts/ (n pl) list, produced each week, of the

pop music records that have sold the most copies

6.150 vault /vO:lt/ (n) room with thick walls and a strong

door, especially in a bank, used for keeping valuable things safe

6.151 multiplex /"mVltipleks/ (n) large cinema with several separate

screens

6.152 tights /taIts/ (n pl) piece of clothing made of very

thin fabric that fits closely over a woman’s hips, legs and feet

6.153 throttle /"TrQtl/ (n) device that controls the amount

of fuel that goes into the engine of a vehicle ◆ I pressed the throttle down hard – the engine roared and the car lurched forward.

6.154 guru /"gUru:/ (n) person who is an expert on a

particular subject

6.155 contain /k@n"teIn/ (v) restrict, control ◆ The police

managed to contain the football fans that were vandalising public property.

6.156 thick /TIk/ (adj) (of a person) slow to learn or

understand things Informal.

6.157 sob /sQb/ (v) say sth while you are crying noisily,

taking sudden, sharp breaths◆ ‘It’s all my fault,’ she sobbed.


6.197 conceal /k@n"si:l/ (v) hide sb/sth ◆ The death of General

John Banks was concealed from the troops in an effort to keep their morale high. � concealment (n)

6.198 counterfeit /"kaUnt@fIt/ (adj) made to look exactly like sth in

order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing ◆ The shopkeeper explained that he had recently had a number of problems with counterfeit money and would no longer accept £50 notes. � counterfeit (n, v), counterfeiting (n)

6.199 elaborate /I"l&b@r@t/ (adj) very complicated and detailed,

carefully prepared and organised ◆ Mum always prepared the most elaborate dinners for Christmas Eve.� elaborately (adv)

6.200 presume /prI"zju:m/ (v) suppose that sth is true, although

you do not have actual proof◆ It’s quite late, so I presume Kate won’t be coming round tonight.� presumption (n), presumable (adj), presumably (adv)

6.201 snigger /"snIg@(r)/ (v) laugh in a quiet unpleasant way,

esp. at sth rude or at sb’s problems or mistakes ◆ I hate how Bernie sniggers every time I make a mistake in class – it’s rude don’t you think? � snigger (n)

6.202 giggle /"gIgl/ (v) laugh in a silly way because

you are amused, embarrassed or nervous ◆ Evelyn’s boyfriend gave her a quick kiss before he stepped off the bus, and all her friends started to giggle. � giggle (n)

6.203 mumble /"mVmbl/ (v) speak or say sth in a quiet voice

in a way that is not clear ◆ When I realised my mistake, I mumbled an apology and left the room in a hurry. � mumble (n)

6.187 misanthropy

/mI"s&nTr@pi/ (n) dislike of other people

� misanthrope (n), misanthropic (adj)

6.188 contract /k@n"tr&kt/ (v) get an illness ◆ He refuses to travel

to Africa because he thinks he will certainly contract some terrible disease there.

6.189 ghastly /"gA:stli/ (adj) very bad, unpleasant ◆ Oh, Marion,

take that ghastly dress off! You have so many beautiful dresses to choose from!

6.190 gaggle /"g&gl/ (n) group of noisy people

6.191 patriarch /"peItriA:k/ (n) old man that people have a lot of

respect for � patriarchal (adj)

6.192 elusive /I"lu:sIv/ (adj) difficult to find, define, or achieve

◆ True happiness is an elusive concept; hardly anyone can claim to have achieved it for more than a few moments in their life.� elusiveness (n), elusively (adv), elude (v)

6.193 gorgeous /"gO:Ù@s/ (adj) very handsome or beautiful �

gorgeously (adv)

6.194 aquamarine

/%&kw@m@"ri:n/ (adj) pale greenish-blue colour

6.195 mercy /"m3:si/ (n) kind or forgiving attitude towards

sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish ◆ The President made it clear there would be no mercy to those who helped terrorists escape. � merciful (adj), mercifully (adv)

Vocabulary6.196 in vain /In "veIn/ (idm) without success ◆ The teacher tried

in vain to persuade the children to be quiet, but they were too excited to stop cheering.

6.177 slump /slVmp/ (v) sit or fall down heavily ◆ The old

man slumped down in his chair.

6.178 puddle /"pVdl/ (n) small amount of water or other

liquid, esp. rain, that has collected in one place on the ground

6.179 self-loathing /%self "l@UDIN/ (n) strong feeling of hatred for oneself

6.180 whine /waIn/ (v) complain in an annoying, crying

voice ◆ If you don’t stop whining children, I won’t give you any cake at all. � whine (n)

6.181 quest /kwest/ (n) long search for sth, especially for

some quality such as happiness◆ The hero of the novel sets off on a quest to discover the true meaning of his life. Formal.� quest (v)

6.182 grief /gri:f/ (n) a feeling of great sadness, esp.

when sb dies ◆ Julia’s heart was touched by Dan’s grief when he lost his pet dog. � grieve (v)

6.183 strike a pose

/%straIk @ "p@Uz/ (phr) hold your body in a particular way

to create a particular impression

6.184 noble /"n@Ubl/ (adj)

having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others ◆ Lord Byron died fighting for a noble cause: freedom. � nobility (n)

6.185 contentment

/k@n"tentm@nt/ (n) feeling of happiness or satisfaction

� (dis)content (n), content (adj),(dis)contented (adj), (dis)contentedly (adv)

6.186 pay-off /"peI %Qf/ (n) advantage or reward resulting from

a situation or sth you have done◆ The pay-off from all this exercise is that I get a fantastic figure!


Use of English6.221 reflect /rI"flekt/ (v) throw back light, heat, sound, etc.

from a surface ◆ The ozone layer helps reflect the harmful rays of the sun back into space. � reflection (n)

6.222 spearhead /"spI@hed/ (v) lead an activity or attack against

sb/sth

6.223 hamlet /"h&ml@t/ (n) very small village

6.224 set the ball rolling

/%set D@ %bO:l "r@UlIN/ (idm) make sth start happening

◆ Let’s begin the discussion. Who wants to set the ball rolling?

6.225 commission /k@"mISn/ (v) officially ask sb to write, make or

create sth or to do a task for you ◆ The local travel agencies have commissioned a survey on people’s favourite holiday destinations.

6.226 sundial /"sVndaI@l/ (n) device used outdoors, especially in

the past, for telling the time with the use of the sun’s rays

6.227 façade /f@"sA:d/ (n) the front of a building

6.228 parish /"p&rIS/ (n) area that has its own church and

that a priest is responsible for

6.229 enlighten /In"laItn/ (v) give sb information so that they

understand sth better ◆ Can you enlighten me about this new project? I don’t really understand what’s going on. � enlightenment (n), enlightened (adj), enlightening (adj)

6.230 designate /"dezIgneIt/ (v) say officially that sth has a

particular character or name, describe sth in a particular way◆ Most hotels have now designated rooms for smokers, often on one single floor. More often used in the passive. � designation (n)

6.212 deficiency /dI"fIS@nsi/ (n) the state of not having, or not

having enough of, sth that is essential ◆ Some people suffer health problems due to a deficiency of minerals in their diet.� deficient (adj)

6.213 packed (with) /"p&kt/ (adj) containing a lot of a particular

thing ◆ This new encyclopaedia is packed with interesting up-to-date information.

6.214 absorption /@b"sO:pSn/ (n) process of a liquid, gas or other

substance being taken in ◆ These cloths are designed for maximum absorption of water. � absorb (v), absorbent (adj)

6.215 sniffly /"snIfli/ (adj) what makes you sniff or keep

sniffing

6.216 virus /"vaIr@s/ (n) kind of germ that can cause a

disease Also: instructions hidden within a computer program, designed to cause faults or destroy data.

6.217 old wives’ tale

/%@Uld "waIvz %teIl/ (idm) old idea or belief that has been

proved not to be scientific◆ You surely don’t believe in the old wives’ tale that babies shouldn’t go out of the house before they’re 40 days old, do you?

6.218 mackerel /"m&kr@l/ (n) sea fish with greenish-blue bands

on its body, that is used for food

6.219 pilchard /"pIlÍ@d/ (n) sardine, small edible fish

6.220 herring /"herIN/ (n) North Atlantic fish that swims in

very large groups and is used for food

6.204 eavesdrop /"i:vzdrQp/ (v) listen secretly to what other

people are saying ◆ ‘If I catch you eavesdropping behind my door again Ms Lee, you will be fired!’� eavesdropper (n)

6.205 liable /"laI@bl/ (adj) legally responsible for sth

◆ Parents are liable for any damage their teenagers might cause.� liability (n)

6.206 detain /dIteIn/ (v) keep sb in an official place, such

as a police station, a prison or a hospital, and prevent them from leaving � detention (n)

Grammar6.207 season ticket /"si:zn %tIkIt/ (n) ticket that you can use many times

within a particular period, for example on a regular train or bus journey, or for a series of games, sports, etc., and that costs less than paying separately each time

6.208 directory enquiries

/d@%rekt@ri In"kwaI@riz/ (n) telephone service that you can use

to find out a person’s telephone number

6.209 in due course

/In %dju: "kO:s/ (phr) at the right time and not before

◆ Please fill in this application and we will inform you of the best available job in due course.

Listening6.210 dim /dIm/ (adj)

not bright ◆ I could just about make out a figure moving in the dim light of the hallway. � dimly (adv)

6.211 make up (for)

/%meIk "Vp/ (phr v) do sth that replaces sth lost,

missing, etc. or compensates for it


6.240 controversy

/"kQntr@v3:si, k@n"trQv@si/ (n) public discussion and argument

about sth that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by ◆ There was a lot of controversy among members of the committee over the building of the new highway. � controversial (adj), controversially (adv)

6.231 ascertain /%&s@"teIn/ (v) find out the true or correct

information about sth, make sure ◆ The police are trying to ascertain what really happened. Formal.

Review Units 4–66.232 mission /"mISn/ (n) particular work that you feel it is

your duty to do ◆ Mother Teresa’s mission in life was to help the poor. � missionary (n)

6.233 extinction /Ik"stINkSn/ (n) situation in which a plant, an

animal, a way of life etc. stops existing ◆ Some scientists suggest that a comet hit the earth millions of years ago and caused the extinction of dinosaurs. � extinct (adj)

6.234 plight /plaIt/ (n) difficult and sad situation ◆ You

couldn’t help but sympathise with the old woman’s plight, terribly poor and all alone in the world.

6.235 lynx /lINks/ (n) wild animal of the cat family, with

spots on its fur and a very short tail

6.236 deplete /dI"pli:t/ (v) reduce sth by a large amount so that

there is not enough left ◆ The war between the neighbouring countries meant that basic food supplies were quickly depleted. � depletion (n)

6.237 con man /"kQn %m&n/ (n) man who tricks others into giving

him money, etc.

6.238 track and field event

/%tr&k @n "fi:ld I%vent/ (n) sport that people compete in, such

as running and jumping

6.239 orchid /"O:kId/ (n) exotic plant with brightly-coloured

flowers of unusual shapes

CAE Result - Unit 06

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