Cadex Drafting

8/13/2019 Cadex Drafting

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Basic AutoCAD & LT - 2005

Caddex Inc 2004

Coordinates &

Basic Drafting ToolsLearning Objectives:

Responding To Prompts For Points

Absolute Coordinates

Relative Coordinates

Polar Coordinates

Direct Distance Entry

Using Basic Drafting Tools

Object Snap Overrides

OSNAP

POLAR

SNAP

GRID

POLAR

OTRACK (not in LT)

What's the point ?

You must specify points inalmost every AutoCAD

command so you should

recognize and understand

prompts for points.

Some typical point prompts

are shown here. You will

see more point prompts

throughout the course.

Speci f y f i r st cor ner :

Speci f y next poi nt or [ Cl ose/ Undo] :

Speci f y opposi t e cor ner :

Speci f y i nser t i on base poi nt :

. . . t her e ar e many more poi nt pr ompt s!

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools Absolute Coordinates


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XYZ Axes In 3D

All points have a 3D address

or absolute coordinates. In

2D drafting, the Z component

is normally zero if only Xand

Ycomponents are supplied in

a command.

Normally, the X axis points tothe right, the Y axis points up

and the Z axis points directly

at you (out of the screen).X

Y

Z

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2D Drawings

You can create new objectsin your drawing at any point

relative to the origin (0,0) of

the World Coordinate

System(WCS).

X& Ycoordinate values can

be positive or negative but

most two dimensional (2D)

drawings are created using

positive values. In other

words, drawing objects are

normally above and to the

right of the WCS origin.

X

Y

WCS Origin (0,0)

x = 0 , y = 0

Learn More

You can define User

Coordinate Systems

(UCS) to make it easier to

work with objects that are

not aligned to the WCS.

x= 250

y= 150

250 150( , )

( , )YX

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Typing Precise Coordinates

Using Your Keyboard

You can supply approximate

points in commands by clicking

your left mouse button when

the crosshairs are in the

desired location. You already

used this method to pick

corners for Zoom Window.

One way to supply points more

preciselyis to type them at the

keyboard. The illustration

shows how you could create a

precise LINE object between

the points (1,0) and (2,1).

2

Y

X3

2

1

1

Command: LINE

Speci f y f i r st poi nt : 1,0Speci f y next poi nt or [ Undo] : 2,1

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Hands On

1) Launch AutoCADif it is

not already running. Closeall

open drawings.

In this exercise you will use LINEs to create the outline shape of

a plane. Each red dot represents one of the LINE endpoints that

you will specify by typing absolute coordinates at the keyboard.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

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Hands On

6) Type coordinates at the

point prompts of the Line

comand to complete the

plane outline as shown. Use

the illustration to find the

required points for these

LINE end points.

7) When you return to the

point 7.5,4 at the front tip of

the plane, press at

the prompt for more points.

This will terminate the Line

command.

What happened?

Congratulations! You used

absolute coordinates to

make precise LINE objects.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

Tip

If you type the wrong coordinates by

mistake, right-click(A) in the drawing

and select Undo(B) to undo that point.

BA

your first

LINE

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Relative Cartesian

Coordinates

You can specify points relative

to other points. For example,

you can specify the end point of

a LINE relative to the start point.

Type the @character before

typing X,Ycoordinates and

these X,Y values will be added

to the X,Y values of the last

pointyou specified.

Learn More

The last point is stored

in the lastpointsystem

variable. This point may

even be from previous

commands.

X

Y

Last Point (50,70)

250

150

250 150@ ,

@ X , Y

Command: LINE

Speci f y f i r st poi nt : 50,70

Speci f y next poi nt or [ Undo] : @250,150

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools Relative Cartesian Coordinates


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Hands On

1) Closethe drawing from

the previous exercise. There

is no need to save that file.

You will use LINEs to create the outline shape of this plane as

you did in the previous exercise. However, this time you willsupply points using relative cartesian coordinates.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

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Hands On

2) Pick File> New. In the

Create New Drawing box

pick the Start from Scratch

(A) button and select the

Imperial (feet and inches)

setting (B) then pick OK(C).

What happened?

You created a new drawing

from scratch using default

settings that are intended for

drawings created in feet and

inches.

B

A

C

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Command: _l i ne Speci f y f i r st poi nt : 1,2.5 Speci f y next poi nt or [ Undo] : @1,0

Hands On

3 Pick Draw> Line& type

absolute coordinates 1,2.5as

the start point shown at P1.

Press to continue.

4) Type @1,0and press

to specify the nextpoint shown at P2.

What happened?

You supplied two points to

the Line command to draw a

LINE object. The first point

was specified using an

absolute coordinate. The

second point was specified

relative to the first point.AutoCAD continues to

prompt for points. A rubber

band connects the new last

point (P2) to the crosshairs.

P2Rubber Band

Crosshairs

P1

LINE

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Hands On

5) Use a similar approach

to complete the outline of this

plane. Specify each new

point relative to the last

point of the previous LINE.

6) When you get back to

where you began at point

1,2.5 press at the

prompt for more points to

terminate the Line command.

What happened?

Congratulations! This time

you used relative cartesian

coordinates to make precise

LINE objects.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

Tip

If you type the wrong coordinates by

mistake, right-click(A) in the drawing

and select Undo(B) to undo that point.

BA

your first

LINE

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Relative Polar Coor dinates

It can be awkward to work with

relative cartesian coordinates all

of the time. If your drawings

involve angles other than 90

degrees, it may be easier to use

relative polar coordinates.

When AutoCAD prompts forpoints you can enter @R


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Hands On







What happened?

You created a new drawingfrom scratch using default

settings that are intended for

drawings created in feet and

inches.

B

A

C

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools Relative Polar Coordinates

Command: _l i ne Speci f y f i r st poi nt : 3,3

Speci f y next poi nt or [ Undo] : @2 Linethen type

the absolute coordinate 3,3

as the point shown at P1.

Press to continue.

4) Type @2


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Tip

If you type the wrong

coordinates by mistake,

right-click(A) in the

drawing and select Undo

(B) to undo that point.

BA

Hands On


to complete the outline of this

star. Specify each new point

relative to the last point of

the previous LINE.

6) When you get back towhere you began (at the

point 3,3)press at

the prompt for more points to

terminate the Line command.

What happened?Congratulations! This time

you used relative polar

coordinates to make precise

LINE objects.

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Osnap Marker & Tooltip

When an osnap override is in

effect and AutoCAD prompts

for a point, you will see an

osnap marker& tooltipif

you hold your crosshairs over

an appropriate object.

For example, to snap to theendpoint of a LINE you could

invoke an Endpointosnap

and hold your crosshairs

over the desired end of the

LINE. You must left-click to

supply this point to the

current command.

Tooltip

Marker

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools Object Snap Overrides

An osnap override is only in

effect for the next pointyou

supply to AutoCAD. If you need

another osnap point you must

invoke another osnap override.

Type the first three letters

of the desired osnap (for

example, type END).

Press and hold

while you right-clickfor a

shortcut list of osnaps.

Use a toolbar button on theObject Snap toolbar.

Invoking Osnap Overrides

There are 3 different waystoinvoke an osnap override when

AutoCAD prompts for a point:

Command: LINE

Speci f y f i rst poi nt : END

of (get end point)

Right-cli ck

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Types o f Osnaps

You will use Endpointin the

next hands-on exercise.

Many of the other osnaps are

used throughout the rest of

this course.

The steps to invoke and use

an osnap are similar eventhough each osnap type has

a different function.

Extension& Parallel

are not included in LT.Snaps to a point on an object nearest the pick point

Finds the end points of objects like LINEs or ARCs

Finds the mid point of objects like LINEs or ARCs

Finds the point where objects cross one another

Finds point where objects apparently intersect in 3D

Snaps to extensions of existing LINEs or ARCs

Finds the center of ARCs & CIRCLEs

*

*

Intersection

Apparent Intersect

Endpoint

Midpoint

Extension

Center

Quadrant

Tangent

Perpendicular

Parallel

Node

Insert

Nearest

Finds 0, 90, 180 & 270 points of ARCs & CIRCLEs

Finds points tangent to ARCS & CIRCLEs

Finds points on objects perpendicular to last point

Snaps to an extension that is parallel to another object

Snaps to POINTs (objects created by Point command)

Snaps to insertion points of text objects & block inserts

*

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Hands On

1) Openthe B03_1.dwg

drawing in your personal

folder. Closeany other open

drawings.

2) Left-click on OSNAP(A) to

turn it Offif it looks pushed in

(On) in the status bar.

What happened?

You turned this button Off to

avoid confusion in the

exercise. You will be learning

more about the OSNAP

button in the next section.

A

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Hands On

3) Pick Draw > Line. Press

and hold while you

right-click(A) in the drawing

area for a shortcut then

select Endpoint (B).

4) Hold your crosshairs nearthe end (C) of one LINE

object as shown in the

illustration and wait for the

marker & tooltip to appear.

Left-clickwhen the Endpoint

marker is visible.

What happened?

You snapped precisely to the

end point of an existing LINE

and used this point for thestart of a new LINE.

AutoCAD continues to

prompt for the next point of

the LINE.

Tooltip

Marker

BA

C

Learn More

If you move your cursor

close to the marker it will

normally jump to the marker

center. However, you canalso click anywhere outside

this marker (as long as the

marker is visible).

Shift

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Speci f y next poi nt or [ Undo] : END

of (A)

Hands On

5) This time use your

keyboard to type ENDat the

prompt for the next point and

press to invoke

another Endpointosnap.

6) Hold your crosshairs near

the end of the LINE (A) as

shown in the illustration and

then left-clickwhen the

marker and tooltip appear.

What happened?

You snapped precisely to the

end point of an existing LINE

and used this point for the

end of the new LINE.


prompt for the next point.

Tooltip

Marker

A

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OSNAP Status Bar But ton

The osnaps currently set are

automatically in effect when

AutoCAD prompts for points,

but only when the OSNAP

status bar button is On.

You can toggleOSNAP Onor

Offat any time, even after youinvoke a command.

Left-click on OSNAP

to toggle Onor Off.

OSNAPis Onwhen the

button looks "pushed in".

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools Running Object Snaps

Setting Running Osnaps

Right-clickon the OSNAP (A)status bar button and select

Settings(B) to set the desired

running osnaps.

Tip

Check only the osnaps

you actually plan to

use on a regular basis.

(Right-click)

B

A

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Multiple Running Osnaps

You can togglebetween

multiple running osnaps by

pressing the key.

Hold your cursor over anobject to invoke the first

possible osnap marker.

AutoCAD will cycle to the

next appropriateosnap

each time you press the

key.

Left-clickat any time to use

the current osnap markerat

the current point prompt.

Tip

You can cycle through these

choices faster if you select

fewer running osnaps.

Tab

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Hands On



folder. (If you are still in this

drawing from the last

exercise type U& press

to undo the 5 lines.)

2) Left-clickon the OSNAP

status bar button (A) several

times. Stop when this button

is turned On(as shown).

What happened?

You toggled the OSNAP

status bar button Onand Off

and then left it turned On.

AThe OSNAP status barbutton should look like it

is pushed in as shown.

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Hands On

3) Right-clickthe OSNAP

status bar button (A) to

invoke a shortcut and then

select Settings(B).

4) Verify that Endpoint,

Centerand Intersection arethe only running osnaps set

and make changes if this is

not the case. When your

settings match the illustration

pick OK(C).

What happened?

You verified that Endpoint,

Center and Intersection are

the only runing osnaps set.

BA

C

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Hands On

5) Pick Draw > Line. Hold

your cursor near the LINE

shown until the marker and

tooltip appear.

6) Press the F3function key

several times. Watch what

happens to the marker.

7) Left-clickthe OSNAP

status bar button (A) several

times & move your crosshairs

over the same LINE eachtime. Watch what happens to

the osnap marker & tooltip.

A

What happened?

The running osnaps are only

in effect when the OSNAP

status bar button is On. You

can also toggle this button

with the F3 function key.

F3You can toggle OSNAP

On or Off by left-clicking

on it or by pressing F3.

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Hands On

8) Verify that the OSNAP

status bar button is On.

9) Move your cursor over the

end of the LINE shown in the

illustration and repeatedly

press the key severaltimes. Observe the effect this

has on the marker & tooltip.

Tab

What happened?

A different osnap marker is

displayed each time you

press the key.

AutoCAD cycles between

appropriate osnap pointsbased on where your

crosshairs are when you

press and which

running osnaps are set.

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Hands On

10) Press until the

marker is at the endpoint

near P1thenleft-clickto

start the LINE there.

11) Use running Endpoint

osnaps to complete the other

five LINEs as shown.

12) Press when you

get back to P1 to end the

Line command.

What happened?

You used running osnaps to

make precise LINE objects.

P1

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POLAR Status Bar Bu tton

You can constrain your next

point to be either verticalor

horizontal to your last point

when POLARis Onin the

status bar. This is like using a

T-Square on a drafting table.

Hold your cursor in an

approximately vertical or

horizontal direction from the

last point to constrain your

cursor movement in these

directions. Otherwise, the

next point is not constrained.You can toggle POLAR


on this status bar button.

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools POLAR & Direct Distance Entry

Direct Distance Entry

When AutoCAD prompts fora second pointyou can

move your crosshairs in the

desired directionaway from

the last pointand enter the

desired distancefrom that

point at the keyboard.

This direct distance entry

method is particulary useful

when you use the POLAR

tool to constrain directions.

Example

You could draw a LINE

by typing only a length

for the LINE instead of

typing coordinates for

the second point.

Command: LINE

Speci f y f i r st poi nt : (use Endpo int osnap for start of LINE)

Speci f y next poi nt or [ Undo] : 0.5

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Hands On


the previous exercise without

saving your changes. Open

the B03_2.dwg drawing in

your personal folder.

2) Verify that OSNAPis On

as shown. Left-click on it if it

is Off.

3) Verify that POLARis On.

as shown. Left-click on it if it

is Off.

POLAR On

OSNAP On

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Hands On

4) Pick Draw > Lineand hold

your crosshairs (A) to invoke

the Endpointosnap marker

shown. Left-click to use this

point as the start of the LINE.

POLAR On

OSNAP On

A

What happened?

You specified the start point

of the new LINE precisely

without having to enter

coordinates. OSNAP is On

so the Endpoint osnap was

automatically invoked.

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Hands On

5) Move your crosshairs in a

vertical direction above the

last point to invoke the 90

degree Polar tooltip angle.

6) Type 0.5at the keyboard

and press to makethe new LINE 0.5 units long.

What happened?

You used direct distance

entry to specify the end pointof the LINE. The second

point was constrained along

the 90 degree direction

because POLAR was On.


Press after typing

the 0.5 length only when

the Polar tooltip angle

indicates 90 degrees.

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Hands On

7) Move your crosshairs in a

horizontal direction to the left

of the last point to invoke a

180Polar toolt ip angle.

8) Type 0.1at the keyboard

and press to make

the new LINE 0.1 units long.

What happened?

You used direct distance

entry again to specify the

end point of the next LINE.

This point was constrained

in the 180 degree direction

because POLAR was On.


Press after typing

the 0.1 length only when

the Polar tooltip angle

indicates 180 degrees.

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What Is The GRID?

When you turn Onthe GRID

in the status bar you will see

an array of small dots (if they

are not too close together to

display) which are spaced

evenly in the drawing limits.

The GRID setting does not

constrain your crosshair

movement & GRID dots do

not appear when you Plot.

You can use the GRID as a

visual frame of reference.

F7

You can toggle the GRID


on it or by pressing F7.

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools SNAP & GRID

Changing GRID Spacing

Right-clickon the GRIDstatus bar button (A) & select

Settings(B) to change the

spacing in X & Y directions.

(Right-click)

B

A

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What Is SNAP?

Points that you click with your

mouse are constrained if SNAP

is Onin the status bar. You can

use either a Grid snapor a

Polar snapsnap style.

Grid snap constrains

points to an array like theGRID. However, the snap

spacing is independent of

the grid spacing.

Polar snapis relative to

the last point& you can

specify relative distances

andanglesto snap to.

You can toggle SNAP


on this status bar button

or by pressing F9.

F9

Polar Snap mode

Important

The POLAR statusbar button must be

On to use the Polar

snap mode.

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Changing Snap Types

You can right-clickon theSNAPstatus bar button (A)

to select Grid Snap On(B)

or select Polar Snap On(C)

to toggle between these two

different snap types.

(Right-click)

B

A

CYou can also toggle these

snap types in the Drafting

Settings dialog box.

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SNAP Spacing - Grid Snap

Right-clickon the SNAP

status bar button (A) and select

Settings(B) then type new

Snap X & Y spacing values

when Grid snap is selected.

B

A

(Right-click)

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SNAP Spacing - Polar snap

Change the Polar spacingdistanceon the Snap and

Gridtab and the polar angle

incrementon the Polar

Trackingtab.

B

A

(Right-click)

Polar Angl e

The default angle

increment is 90 degrees

but you can change this

on the Polar Tracking tab.

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Isometric Sketches

You can configure the Snap

tool for isometric sketching.

Select Grid snap (A) and

then select the Isometric

snap (B) setting.

B

A

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Hands On


the previous exercise. There

is no need to save that file.

You will use drafting settings to make it

easier to draw this precise star shapewithout having to type the coordinates.

@2


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Hands On







3) Pick Tools> Run Script.

Double-click on Reset.scr in

your personal folder to run

this script. This will make

sure your drafting settings

match those in this exercise.

B

A

C

What happened?You started a new drawing

from scratch and reset

your system variables to

match the default settings.

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Hands On

4) Move your crosshairs

around the drawing window

and observe the coordinate

read-out in the lower left

corner of the AutoCAD

window.

5) Left-clickon the GRID

status bar button (A) to

toggle it On (if it is not

already On).

crosshairs

Coordinate Read-out

The Z value is not displayed in AutoCAD LT.

The display may also be locked but you can

double-click inside the read-out window to

unlock this coordinate display.

AWhat happened?AutoCAD shows the

crosshair coordinates in

the coordinate read-out.

As you move your

crosshairs this read-out

updates automatically.

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Hands On

6) Right-clickon the GRID

status bar button (A) and

select Settings(B).

7) Verfiy that the Gridand

Snapspacings for X & Y are

all set to 0.5000and thenpick OK(C).

B

A

C

What happened?

You turned on the GRID

and the spacing is now 0.5drawing units which is the

default for Imperial unit

drawings created from

scratch.

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Hands On



and observe the coordinate

read-out in the lower left

corner of the AutoCAD

window.

9) Left-clickon SNAP(A) in

the status bar to toggle it On.



again and observe thecoordinate read-out.

A

What happened?

Your crosshairs are not

constrained unless the

SNAP status bar button is

toggled On.

When SNAP is On your

crosshairs are constrained to the

snap points. Spacing for GRID

and SNAP are the same right

now so the snap points coincide

with the visible grid points.

When GRID is On & SNAP is Off

you see the array of small dots

but your crosshairs are not

constrained by them.

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Hands On

11) Pick Format> Drawing

Limits. Move your crosshairs

so your coordinate read-out

is 2.0000,1.0000for the

lower left corner and then

left-clickto use this point.

12) Next move the crosshairs

so your coordinate read-out

is 10.0000,8.5000and then

left-clickto use this point as

the upper right corner for the

drawing limits.

What happened?

You changed your drawing

limits from (0,0) - (12,9) tobe (2,1) - (10.5,8.5). The

GRID is displayed only

over these newly defined

drawing limits.

2,1

Lower Left

10,8.5

Upper Right

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Hands On

13) Right-click on SNAPin

the status bar (A) and select

Settings (B).

14) Select Polar snap(C)

and enter 0.5(D) as the

Polar distance.

15) Select the Polar

Trackingtab (E) to continue.

A

B

CD

E

What happened?

You just switched from

Grid snap to Polar snap

and have set the polar

distance to 0.5.

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Hands On

16) Select 30(A) as the

Increment angleon the

Polar Tracking tab

17) Pick OK(B) to return to

the command line.

What happened?

You changed the polar

angle increment from the

default of 90 degrees to

30 degrees. Now when

you use the POLAR toolthe crosshairs will be

constrained to multiples of

30 degrees instead of

multiples of 90 degrees.

A

B

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A

Hands On

18) Pick Draw > Line.

19) Right-click on the SNAP

status bar button (A) and

select Grid snap On (B).

Move your crosshairs so your

coordinate read-out indicates

3.0000,3.0000(C) and then

left-clickto use this as the

start point.

B

C

What happened?

You used the coordinate

read-out to supply the first

point at the absolute

coordinate of 3,3. You had

to toggle first back to use

Grid snap on before you

could snap to this point.

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Hands On

20) Left-clickon the

POLAR(A) status bar button

to toggle it On.

21) Right-click on the SNAP

status bar button (B) and

select Polar snap On (C).

22) Move your crosshairs to

the right of the last point (D)

until you see Polar 2.0000


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Hands On


to create the remaining

LINEs around the star shape.

25) When you get back to

where you began press

to complete the Linecommand.

@2


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Hands On



folder. Closethe drawing

from the previous exercise

without saving changes.

2) Pick Tools> Run Script.

Double-click on Reset.scr

in your personal folder.

3) Left-clickon POLAR(A)

and OTRACK(B) status bar

buttons to turn them On. The

OSNAPstatus bar button

should already be On .

A B Must be On - POLAR

- OSNAP

- OTRACK

What happened?

You set up drafting settings

to match those used in this

exercise.

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools Intro To OTRACK (not in LT)

Hands On

4) Pick Draw > Line.

5) Read Cautionnote first.

Move your crosshairs above

the Endpointmarker (A)

shown to acquire it as an

alignment point. Then move

your cursor away from this

point. Do NOT press your

pick button or you will use

this point as the start of a

LINE.

A

Caution

Do not press any mouse buttons yet.

Hold your cursor above this Endpoint

osnap marker without clicking and then

move your cursor away form this marker.

What happened?

You acquired this

Endpoint as an alignment

point that you will use with

the OTRACK tool later on.

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Hands On




shown to acquire it as

another alignment point.

Then move your cursor away

from this point. Do NOTpress your pick button or you

will use this point as the start

of a LINE.

A

Caution





The first alignment

point is now marked

with a small cross.

What happened?

You acquired anotherEndpoint as an alignment

point. The first alignment

point is now marked with a

small cross.

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Hands On

7) Move your crosshairs near

(A) so that the tooltip says

Endpoint : < 270, Endpoin t:

< 180and then left-clickto

use this as the start point of

the LINE.

A

You see alignment point osnap

markers and dotted tracking

lines appear when you hold your

cursor near an appropriate point.

Clearing Alignment Points

If you acquire an alignment point

by mistake you can hold your

cursor over that osnap marker

again to clear that tracking point.

What happened?

POLAR is On so tracking

vectors are invoked in

multiples of 90 degrees

from the two alignment

points that you acquired.

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Hands On




shown to acquire it as an

alignment point. Then move

your cursor away from this

point. Do NOT press yourpick button or you will use

this point as the start of a

LINE.

A

Caution





What happened?You acquired this

Endpoint as an alignment

point that you will use with

the OTRACK tool later on.

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Hands On

9) Move your crosshairs near

(A) so the tooltip saysPolar

< 270, Endpoint: < 180and

then left-clickto use this as

the end of the LINE.

A

This time you have only one alignment

point. However, the POLAR tool

constrains your LINE vertically for the

desired end results.

What happened?

You used the OTRACK

tool again to supply the

second point of the LINE.


prompt for more points.

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Hands On

12) Use a similar technique

to create the remaining

LINEs around the outline of

the front view.

13) When you get back to the

start point press tocomplete the Line command.

What happened?You used the OTRACK

tool to align the front view

with objects in the side

and top views.

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ID Finds Coordinates

Use the Idcommand in theInquiry toolbar menu to find

the coordinates of points.

This tool is normally used

with an osnap.

Example

You could find the

coordinates of an

existing CIRCLE.

Id

Access Guide

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Coordinates & Basic Drafting Tools More To Learn


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Cadex Drafting

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