CABINET SHOP SAFETY

Scope • This guide was created to assist cabinet

shop/wood fabrication shop owners on how to eliminate or control common safety exposures.

• This is not a definitive or comprehensive plan for this type of work.

• Please consult necessary safety sources when developing your own site specific plan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS • Signage • Material Storage and Handling • Tool/Machine Hazards • Electrical • Paint & Stain Operations • Dust Collection Systems • Hazard Communication • Personal Protective Equipment • Emergency Procedures

Signage • Walking and Working Surfaces

– Permanent Aisles and passageways must be appropriately marked – Routes can be delineated with floor paint or physical barrier

• Exit Routes – Each exit must be clearly visible and marked – “EXIT” must be legible and no less than six inches high and three

quarters of an inch wide – Must have an illumination rating of 5 foot-candles on permanent

power, self luminescent or electroluminescent .06 footlamberts – All doors not an exit must be labeled as such (e.g. closet)

• Visitor Warnings – Must alert all visitors to potential exposures/hazards of facility – Prevent entrance from unauthorized personnel

• Hazardous Material Storage – Location must be fenced and posted to prevent entrance from

unauthorized personnel

Signage • Flammable and Combustible Liquids

– Storage cabinet where flammable and combustible liquids are stored must be conspicuously labeled

• Spray Finishing – “NO SMOKING” – All spraying areas and paint storage rooms

• Personal Protective Equipment – For processes that require specific protective equipment

• Accident Prevention Signs – Color specifications are found in Subpart J 1910.145 – “DANGER” (red-black-white) – “CAUTION” (yellow-black) – “WARNING” (no uniform color code) – Listed colors must meet ANSI Z53.1-1967

Signage • Fire Protection

– Location of extinguishers shall be labeled so location is easily identifiable

• Materials Handling – All permanent aisleways where mechanical equipment operates will be

appropriately marked – Sufficient safe clearances maintained with no aisle obstruction – Overhead gantry cranes must display rated load mark on both sides – Each hoisting unit must display rated load – Rated load marks must be visible from floor – During maintenance crane must be labeled “OUT OF ORDER” and floor

space below must also be labeled • Radial Arm Saws

– The direction of saw rotation must be conspicuously marked on the hood

Signage • Electrical

– Breaker panel must display manufacturer’s name, trademark, or other descriptive identification

– Must provide voltage, current, wattage, and other ratings – Labels must withstand the environment – All breaker switches inside the panel must be labeled – Covers for boxes ≥ 600v must be permanently marked “HIGH

VOLTAGE”, must be on the outside of the box and highly visible – Lock out Tag Out, see electrical portion of guide

• Hazard Communication – See Hazard Communication portion of guide

Signage • Mandatory Postings

– “It’s the Law” poster – OSHA poster 3165 (English), 3167 (Spanish).

Signage

• Mandatory Postings – OSHA 300 logs

• 300A, Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses • Must be filed on an annual basis even if there are no

injuries • Summary from the following year must be posted from

February 1st to April 30th of current year • Must be certified by a companies highest officer

– Citations • Employer must post copy of citations at inspection

location for three days or until violations are abated, whichever is longer.

Log 300A Year

Street

City Zip

0 0 0 0(G) (H) (I) (J) OR

0 0(K) (L)

Total number of… Knowingly falsifying this document may result in a fine.(M)

(1) Injury 0 (4) Poisoning 0(2) Skin Disorder 0 (5) Hearing Loss 0(3) Respiratory Condition 0 (6) All Other Illnesses 0

Industry description (e.g., Manufacture of motor truck trailers)

Post this Summary page from February 1 to April 30 of the year following the year covered by the form

All establishments covered by Part 1904 must complete this Summary page, even if no injuries or illnesses occurred during the year. Remember to review the Log to verify that the entries are complete

Using the Log, count the individual entries you made for each category. Then write the totals below, mak ing sure you've added the entries from every page of the log. If you had no cases write "0."

Employees former employees, and their representatives have the right to review the OSHA Form 300 in its entirety. They also have limited access to the OSHA Form 301 or its equivalent. See 29 CFR 1904.35, in OSHA's Recordkeeping rule, for further details on the access provisions for these forms.

Total number of cases with days away from work

Total number of cases with job transfer or restriction

Total number of days away from work

Total number of days of job transfer or restriction

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 50 minutes per response, including time to review the instruction, search and gather the data needed, and complete and review the collection of information. Persons are not required to respond to the collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. If you have any comments about these estimates or any aspects of this data collection, contact: US Department of Labor, OSHA Office of Statistics, Room N-3644, 200 Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20210. Do not send the completed forms to this office.

Injury and Illness Types

U.S. Department of Labor

OSHA's Form 300A (Rev. 01/2004)

Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Form approved OMB no. 1218-0176

Title

Date

Establishment information

Total number of deaths

Number of Cases

Total number of other recordable cases

Number of Days

Total hours worked by all employees last year

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), if known (e.g., SIC 3715)

Annual average number of employees

North American Industrial Classification (NAICS), if known (e.g., 336212)

Phone

Company executive

I certify that I have examined this document and that to the best of my knowledge the entries are true, accurate, and complete.

Sign here

State

Employment information

Your establishment name

Material Storage & Handling

• General Storage Requirements • Flammable and Combustible Liquids • Manual Handling • General Mechanical Handling • Fork Trucks • Waste Material Disposal

General Storage Requirements

• Storage areas must be kept free from materials that may cause tripping, fires, or explosions.

• Storage areas should not block or intrude on facility pathways

• When stacking and piling materials consider – Height – Weight – Accessibility – Condition of the container

General Storage Requirements

• Compressed gas cylinders must be secured and upright. Different gases must be separated by at least 20 ft. or by partition with specific dimension and fire retardant capabilities.

• Observe height limitations for stacked materials. – Ex. Lumber must be stacked no more than 16 ft. high if

it is handled manually, 20 ft. for forklift use • Used lumber must have all nails removed before

stacking. • Lumber must be stacked and leveled on solidly

supported bracing.

General Storage Requirements

• Bags and bundles must be stacked in interlocking rows.

• Drums, barrels, and kegs must be stacked symmetrically. If stored on their sides, the bottom tiers must be blocked.

• Boxed materials must be banded and baled. • Paper or rags stored inside a trailer must not be

closer than 18 inches to walls, partitions, or sprinkler heads.

• Non-compatible materials must be separated in storage.

General Storage Requirements

• Consider availability of the material, safe movement of material handling equipment, and personnel.

• Any employee required to work in stored material vessels shall be equipped with a personal fall arrest system.

• When a difference in work levels exists, some means of smooth transition must be employed, i.e. grading, ramps, blocking.

General Storage Requirements

• If space above office or any other elevated area is used for storage, handrails must be installed per the OSHA’s handrail requirements – Top Rail height: 42” (+ or – 3”) – Mid Rail height: 21” (+ or – 3”) – Must be able to support 200 lbs of outward

and downward force on the top, 150 lbs on the mid rail

– Toe Boards are necessary only if an exposure exists for those below

Flammable Liquid Classification

Flammable Liquid refers to any liquid having a flash point below 100° F

FP - Flash Point BP - Boiling Point Class IA Class IB Class IC

FP < 73° FP < 73° FP ≥ 73°

BP < 100° BP ≥ 100° BP < 100°

Combustible Liquid Classification

Combustible Liquid refers to any liquid having a flash at or above 100° F

FP - Flash Point Class II Class IIIA Class IIIB

FP ≥ 100° FP ≥ 140° FP ≥ 200°

FP < 140° FP < 200°

Flammable and Combustible Liquids

• The quantity of flammable or combustible liquid that may kept outside of a storage room or cabinet inside the building shall not exceed: – 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers – 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, III liquids in

containers – 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, III liquids in a

single portable tank

Inside Storage Rooms

• Shall be of fire resistant construction • Liquid tight were the walls join the floor • Have approved self closing doors at all

openings • At least 4” sills, ramps, or depressed floors

or open integrated trench which drains to safe location

Inside Storage Rooms

• A ventilation system that provides at least six room changes / hour

• For Class I liquids, electrical wiring approved for hazardous locations

• Explosion resistant lighting fixtures • Wood at least 1 inch nominal thickness for

shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay, and similar installations

Flammable Storage • All solvent wastes and flammable liquids must

be kept in fire-resistant, covered containers until they are removed from the worksite

• Firm separation should be placed between containers of combustibles or flammables, when stacked one upon another, to assure their support and stability

• Permanently installed sprinkler system heads must not spray into operating electrical switch boards and equipment

Flammable Liquids • Spills of flammable or combustible liquids must be

cleaned up promptly • Storage tanks must be adequately vented to prevent the

development of excessive vacuum or pressure as a result of filling, emptying, or atmosphere temperature changes

• Storage tanks must also be equipped with emergency venting that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by fire exposure

• Insure that all connections on drums and combustible liquid piping and vapor are liquid tight

Flammable Liquids

• Ground and bond bulk drums of flammable liquids to containers during dispensing

• Use approved metal safety cans for handling of any flammable liquids in quantity greater than a gallon

• Keep flammable liquids in closed containers when not in use (example: parts cleaning tanks, pans, etc.)

Combustible Storage

• Combustible scrap, debris, and waste materials (oily rags, etc.) should be stored and removed from the worksite as promptly as possible

• Proper storage practiced to minimize the risk of fire including spontaneous combustion

• Keep combustible materials away from potential ignition sources

• Never store flammable or combustible liquids in access or egress areas

General Requirements For Manual Handling

• Employees should seek help

when: – A load is so bulky it cannot be

properly grasped or lifted – An employee can’t see around or

over it – A load cannot be safely handled.

• Personal Protective equipment is an integral part of safe handling procedures. – Boots with sturdy soles – Gloves – Forearm Protection – Safety Glasses

Mechanics of Proper Lifting

• The following slides will demonstrate the basics of proper lifting technique

• Don’t forget these basics; – Warming up before attempting to lift is good practice,

don’t be afraid to get your blood flowing with some simple stretches.

– There is no shame in the buddy system, get help if you think you’ll need it!

– If management has provided equipment for helping you lift something, use it. Never take a short cut or put yourself in an unsafe position with a load.

- Establish a solid base

- Bend your knees

- Position yourself close to

the load - Lift with your

legs

-Complete the lift before twisting or

turning

General Requirements For Mechanical Handling

• When moving materials avoid overloading, consider the weight, size, and shape of the material

• Equipment capacity ratings must be displayed on each piece of equipment and must not be exceeded.

• Follow safe lifting procedures for the specific machinery in use

• OSHA requires that all machine operators are trained.

Powered Fork Trucks • Research data estimates 90

deaths per year attributed to fork truck operation.

• Operator training was made mandatory for all industries as of March 1, 1999.

• Employer must train operators using federal guidelines for certification.

• Equipment that was designed to move earth but will accept forks is not covered, nor are over the road haulage trucks.

Powered Fork Trucks Training must incorporate the following subject matter: Familiarization with the Machine

Understanding the basics of stability Understanding the forces that cause tip-over

Vehicle Inspection Vehicle Operation Load Handling Power Source

LGP Handling and Use Battery Charging Other

Hands-On Training

Powered Fork Trucks Refresher Training must be provided when:

• An operator has an incident or near-miss incident • An operator is asked to run a different type of truck • The operator has been evaluated as not operating in

a safe manner Training records must be kept on file after the

date of completion for at least three years Operators are not subject to fitness tests OSHA does not require certification cards

Waste Material Disposal • All scrap lumber, waste material, and

garbage should be removed as work progresses.

• Disposal of waste material or debris by burning must comply with local fire regulations, borough ordinances, and property owner requirements.

• All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from the worksite.

Tool/Machine Hazards • Point of Operation • Pinch Points • Kickbacks • Flying Chips, Material • Tool Projection • Machine Guarding • Tool Safety

Point of Operation

•The point of operation is the place where work is performed on the material. •It is the point at which the stock is cut, shaped, bored, or formed. • Most woodworking machines use a cutting and/or shearing action.

Nip/Pinch Points

Nip/pinch points are a special danger arising from rotating or reciprocating parts. They occur whenever machine parts move toward each other or when one part moves past a stationary object. Parts of the body may be caught between or drawn into the nip/pinch point and crushed, mangled, or severed.

How do injuries occur at the point of operation?

• Employees can be injured if their hands get too close to the blade, particularly when working on small pieces of stock.

• Stock can get stuck in a blade and actually pull the operator’s hands into the machine.

• Employees can be injured if the machine or its guard is not properly adjusted or maintained.

• Contact can occur during machine repair or cleaning if care is not taken to de-energize the machine.

Kickbacks

Kickbacks occur when a saw seizes the stock and hurls it back at the operator. This can happen when the stock twists and binds against the side of the blades or is caught in the teeth.

Flying Chips/Material

Employees may be exposed to splinters and chips that are flung by the cutting actions of woodworking equipment.

Tool Projection

Many pieces of woodworking equipment employ rotating cutter heads with multiple knives. Cutter heads that are not properly adjusted, or that are poorly mounted or have broken knives, can become unbalanced. The centrifugal forces on an unbalanced cutter head can fling the knives from the tool and injure or kill the operator or other nearby personnel.

Machine Guarding • Moving machine parts have the potential to cause

severe workplace injuries – Crushed fingers or hands – Amputations – Burns or Blindness

• Safeguards are essential for protecting workers from these preventable injuries.

• Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.

• If operation of a machine or accidental contact could injure the operator or others in the vicinity, the hazards must be eliminated or controlled.

Tool Safety

• Ensure all guards are in place and working properly

• Use push sticks when needed

Tool Safety

• Ensure employees are properly trained • Inspect tools/machines before using • Wear appropriate PPE • Operate machines in accordance with

manufacturers specifications • Don’t wear loose clothing • Keep long hair tied back

Tool Safety

• Ensure dust collection devices are working properly

• Tool energy source must be disconnected or locked out during repair

• Work areas must be well lit

Standards for Woodworking Machinery

• General Requirements for All Machines, 29 CFR 1910.212 • Woodworking Machinery Requirements, 29 CFR 1910.213 • Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus, 29 CFR 1910.219 • Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities, NFPA 644-1993 • Woodworking Machinery—Safety Requirements, ANSI O1.1-1992

Electrical • Applicable Standards • Basic Terminology • Physical Effects • Influencing Factors of a Shock • General Requirements • Guarding • Lock Out/Tag Out • Extension Cords • Checklist

Applicable Standards

Electrical standards are among the mostly frequently cited by OSHA No Lock Out/Tag Out Improper Wiring Methods Inadequate Components and Equipment

OSHA references the following for guidelines Electric Code (NEC or NFPA 70) Electric Safety Requirements for Employee

Workplaces (NFPA 70E)

Basic Terminology

Amps – The amount of electricity flowing Volts – The force at which the

power flows Ohms – A unit of electrical

resistance Watts – A unit of electrical

power

Physical Effects

Amps are the true measure of current absorbed, not volts

We are good conductors, the human body is 70% water

Involuntary muscle contraction is the reason we are affected Can’t let go of energized object Breathing is impaired Heart rhythm is disrupted

Influencing Factors of a Shock

Circumstances that affect the outcome of an electric shock;

Circuit voltage The bodies external (skin) and

internal resistance Total current flowing through

the body Current path The duration of the shock

General Requirements

Equipment must be free from recognized hazards Equipment must be suitable and identified as such

through listing, labeling, or certification for identified purpose.

Parts designed for mechanical strength and durability must be adequate and protective

Permanent work stations must be hardwired, wiring must be supported and/or protected by conduit

Other items for consideration Electrical insulation under high temperatures Arcing effects Use classifications

Guarding Live parts of electrical equipment

operating at 50 volts or more must be guarded against accidental contact.

Means of acceptable guarding include: Isolation in a cabinet, room, or vault

only accessible by qualified persons Use of partitions or screens to exclude

unqualified persons Elevation of eight feet or more above

the floor Electric installations over 600 volts must

be metal-enclosed, enclosed in a vault, or controlled by lock.

Lock Out / Tag Out LOTO written

program Components Documented energy

control procedures Employee Training

program Inspection program

Lock Out / Tag Out

Purpose is to draw attention to and disable a live energy source during service and repair work.

Lock Out physically disables the energy source, Tag Out provides a warning only

Only the employee who placed the lock or tag may remove it!

Safe Power Shutdown - 5 Steps -

Preparation and Notification– Understanding energy source and alerting all affected employees

Shutdown – De-energizing procedure Isolation – Properly locking all power

sources Lock & Tag Application

Color coding for different trades Employee assigned locks Photo tags, helps locate employee,

makes association Control and Verification– Control stored

and residual energy with locks in place

Reenergizing - 3 Steps -

Inspection – checking the work area and surrounding machinery and for employees

Notification – Make notice to all affected employees as to what will be re-energized

Removal of Tags and Locks

Tags and Locks

Tags and Locks must be: Durable – resist conditions of environment Standardized – color code and format Substantial – strong enough to minimize false

removal Identifiable – clear message, know who it is

protecting

Extension Cords Cords with missing ground prongs, insulation breeches,

crimping or crushing, must be removed from service. Splicing is prohibited, but new connectors are acceptable When unplugging, pull the plug, never tug on the cord If a cord must cross a vehicle pathway it must be

protected OSHA considers an extension cord temporary power, no

matter the power source!

Service Ratings

Hard Service (types S, ST, SO, STO)

Junior Hard Service (types SJ, SJO, SJT, SJTO)

Home use, small appliance (type SP)

Electrical Checklist Extension cords:

- No crimping or crushing - No missing insulation - No signs of stress at plug

All extensions cords out of high traffic areas:

- Aisleways - Lift Truck Paths - Hallway, entrance, stairwell

Lock Out / Tag Out plan for all maintenance operations

Equipment rated for duty and environment

Proper PPE when necessary GFCI protection cord or tool

Awareness of all overhead power lines

All tools double insulated

Paint & Stain Operations

• Spray Booth/Room General Requirements

• Spray Booth/Room Construction • Ventilation • Employee

Education • Standard

References

General Requirements

• No smoking in or around spray booths/rooms

• Respirators, eye protection, and gloves should be worn during all finishing operations

• Maintain an eyewash station near area • Exhaust filters should be cleaned or

replaced on a regular basis

Spray Booth/Room Construction

• Explosion resistant lighting shall be used inside spray booths/rooms

• Explosion resistant motors shall be used • Motors are not guaranteed as such.

Design specifies, – “If there is an explosion within the motor, the

design will contain it and not allow it in to the atmosphere.”

Spray Booth/Room Construction

• Must be substantially constructed • Floors and walls must be non combustible

materials • Interiors must be smooth and continuous,

without edges, and designed to prevent accumulation of residues

• Must be separated from other operations by at least three feet or a wall partition

Spray Booth/Room Construction

• Installed so that all portions are easily cleaned

• Hot surfaces such as space heaters, appliances, and steam pipes must be located away from spray-finishing operations

• All metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts, and piping systems must be permanently grounded

Ventilation

• Spray booth/rooms must enclose or confine all paint/spray/finishing operations

• All spraying areas shall have mechanical ventilation adequate to remove flammable vapors, powders, or mists to a safe location and control combustible residues

• Is your ventilation adequate for the size of your spray booth/room?

Ventilation

• Open Booth

H x W x 100 = Minimum CFM H = Height of booth opening W = Width of booth opening 100 = minimum fpm over face of booth when

operator is present Minimum CFM, Fan must meet or exceed velocity.

Ventilation

• Enclosed Booth – Concentrations of solvents must not exceed

25% of the lower explosive limit – A gallon of paint is roughly 50% solvent – A conventional gun at full discharge releases

up to 12oz/min – Consult MSDS for LEL’s of material used – Consider size of booth and fan draw (CFM)

Ventilation

• Make up air must be fresh • If outdoor temp is < 55°, make up air must be

heated • The electric motor driving the exhaust fan must

be placed outside the booth or duct • Belts and pulleys used to drive

the fan must be enclosed • Exhaust ducts must be fitted with access doors

for cleaning

Spray Booth/Room Safety

• Ensure employees are familiar with Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• The OSHA standard for spray finishing operations, 29 CFR 1910.107, provides detailed requirements for the design and construction of spray booths/rooms, air filters, velocity and air flow requirements, and the (make-up) air supplied to the booth/room

OSHA REFERENCES FOR FINISHING OPERATIONS

• Ventilation, 29 CFR 1910.94(c) and (d) • Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 29 CFR

1910.106 • Spray Finishing Using Flammable and

Combustible Materials, 29 CFR 1910.107 • Respiratory Protection, 29 CFR 1910.134 • The Air Contaminants Standards 29 CFR

1910.1000 • NFPA 33-1969

Dust Collection Systems

• Power Requirements

• Bag Size • Noise Exposures • Collection Type • Accessibility

Hazard Communication

• A Written Program • Container Labeling • (MSDS) Material Safety

Data Sheets • Employee Training

Written Plan

• A Written Plan must address the following issues; – Procedures – Related Safety & Health

Issues – Training – Chemical Inventory – Labeling Procedures

Written Plan

• What are the chemicals on the job or in the shop?

• Who will be exposed to what? • Are the employees trained prior to work? • What is the procedure for clean-up? • What is the procedure for first-aid and

emergency contact?

Container Labeling

• It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that all containers of hazardous substances in the workplace are labeled, tagged, or marked

• A label must include; – Identity of the substance – Directions for use, handling, & storage – Hazard warnings

• Never remove a label • Container size is irrelevant, all containers must be

labeled • The only labeling exception is “Immediate Use”,

employee has 100% control of material.

Materials Labeling The NFPA Placard

Fire Hazard 4 – Below 73°F 3 – Below 100°F 2 – Above 100°F 1 – Above 200°F 0 – Will Not Burn Health Hazard 4 – Deadly 3 – Extremely Dangerous 2 – Hazardous 1 – Slightly Hazardous 0 – Normal Material

Reactivity 4 – Detonate 3 – Shock and Heat may

Detonate 2 – Violent Chemical

Change 1 – Unstable if Heated 0 - Stable Specific Hazard ACID – Acid COR – Corrosive OXY - Oxidizer

The placard is used on all storage tanks and transfer containers (gas cans, storage vessels).

RED

BLUE YELLOW

WHITE

(MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheets

• Many different arrangements, but all provide the same information.

• Often more technical than labels. • Individual companies are responsible

for providing their share of MSDS on a multi-employer work site.

(MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheets

• Materials and Chemicals that require MSDS:

Lacquers Varnishes

Tool Lubricants Epoxy Resins

Solvents Compressed Gas

Wood Glue Exotic Hard woods

Adhesives Fuel

Cleaning Agents Treated Lumber

(MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheets

The MSDS gives vital information on the behavior of a material;

• Physical Data • Reactivity with other chemicals • Emergency First-Aid Procedures • Hazard Information • Prolonged and Acute Health Effects

Employee Training

• Employees must be trained on every new chemical in which they come in contact

• Acute and chronic health effects • Proper handling and use • Proper storage • Clean-Up procedures • Proper disposal • Accessing information (MSDS Manual)

Hazard Communication Checklist

Inventory of Chemicals Used Obtain all MSDS Identify MSDS Storage

Location Employees Know

Location of MSDS All Containers Labeled

Match Chemicals With Exposures Safe Work Practices for

Each Chemical Employees Educated on

Potential Exposures Employees Trained on

Use of Material Notify Other Contractors

When Necessary

Personal Protective Equipment

• General Requirements • Foot Protection • Head Protection • Hearing Protection • Eye & Face Protection • Respiratory Protection

General Requirements

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be maintained and provided by the employer when necessary.

• If an employee provides his/her own equipment, the employer is still responsible to make sure it is adequate and well maintained.

• PPE is to be used as a last means of controlling an exposure. Engineering and administrative controls should be used first when possible.

Foot Protection • Safety footwear must

comply with ANSI Z41.1

• Required for: Any material handling

process where something could be dropped on the foot

Bulk material handling processes

Work around sharp objects that could penetrate and puncture foot

Head Protection

• All hard hats must comply with ANSI standard Z89.1, and Z89.2 for employees exposed to high voltage electric shock.

• Bump Caps are not acceptable for construction use under these standards.

Head Protection • Employees must wear hard hats if there is

any possibility of; Being struck by an object falling from a higher level A flying object Electrical shock

Hearing Protection

• Engineering and Administrative controls should be applied when feasible.

• Ear plugs must be fitted under the direction of a competent person.

• Plain cotton is not an acceptable hearing protection device.

**Remember**

If you are arms length from the person talking to you and cannot hear them, its time for hearing protection!

Three Components of Hearing

• Sound A sound can be intermittent or continuous or a

combination of both. Intensity is also a factor.

• Path Distance, terrain, and medium of travel play a part.

• Receiver The average unimpaired hearing range of a person is

20 to 20,000 Hz

Facts and Numbers

• 85 decibels is considered the “Action Level” or the level at which an employee must be enrolled in a HCP (hearing conservation program) and notified of their results.

• The permissible exposure level for a time weighted average over an eight hour period is 90 decibels.

• The level at which dual hearing protection must be worn is 105 decibels.

• The maximum allowable exposure level at any one time during the shift is 115 decibels.

Components of a Hearing Conservation Program

• Monitoring • Hearing Protection • Audiometric Testing • Training • Record Keeping

Muffs vs. Plugs

• Product will have a Noise Reduction Rating or NRR

• Rating indicates the performance of the device

Muffs Plugs

Average NRR for devices shown: 28.66

Average NRR for devices shown: 23.66

Calculating Noise Reduction using the NRR

• When C-weighted sound level measurement is available, the following formula should be used to calculate the required NRR

• Noise Level in dB(C) - Protector NRR = 90 dB(A) or less.

• When A-weighted sound level measurement is available, the following formula should be used to calculate the required NRR.

• Noise Level in dB(A) - (Protector NRR - 7 dB) = 90 dB(A) or less

How to insert an Ear Plug • Grab the top/back of the ear. • Gently pull up and backward. • (If disposable foam) Roll the

plug between the forefinger and thumb until it is completely compressed.

• Gently slide the plug in the ear canal.

• (If disposable foam) Let the plug expand.

Eye & Face Protection • All eye and face

equipment must comply with ANSI Z87.1 standards.

• Employers must provide protection when employees are exposed to any and all potential flying debris.

• ANSI compliant side shields applied to conventional glasses do not make them safety glasses!

Eye & Face Protection

• The standard covers general eye protection, eye protection for welding, and laser applications.

• Tables E-1, E-2, and E-3 tell us minimum performance requirements for our applications.

Respiratory Protection

• Industry Standard 1910.134

• Employer must choose the right application for the job.

Respiratory Protection Dust Masks are for nuisance dusts only.

Respirators are made to filter harmful contaminants from the air.

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) is suitable for atmospheres that are both oxygen deficient and contain harmful contaminants.

Respiratory Protection • Employees that have to wear

respirators must receive the following: Pulmonary Function Test Respirator Fit Testing Education on devices capabilities Storage, cleaning, and regular inspection

procedures Regularly monitored work area and

conditions

Respirator Fit Testing Quantitative

A pass/fail test to assess respirator fit.

Relies on the individual's response to the test agent. (recognizable scents)

Qualitative Assesses a respirator’s

effectiveness by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.

Respirator Fit Testing 1. Adjust straps and other connecting or fitting devices so

that face seal is snug but comfortable. 2. Positive Pressure Test: Place hand over blowout

diaphragm and exhale, the mask should first expand, then release around the face seal.

3. Negative Pressure Test: Place hands over the cartridges and inhale, the mask should collapse into the face.

If no leaks are discovered, and wearer can sense no

surrounding odors, mask is fitted properly. Facial hair that interferes with a proper seal is

prohibited.

Emergency Procedures

• Emergency

Evacuation plan • Fire Safety • Basic First Aid

Are you Prepared?

• Does the facility have a first aid kit? • Are emergency contact numbers

readily available? • Do any of your employees/co-workers

have CPR or First Aid training? • Does the facility have an evacuation

procedure?

Emergency Evacuation Plan

• Employees must be educated on all emergency evacuation plan specifics

• Exit map must be conspicuously posted

• Ensure primary and secondary routes are unobstructed

Emergency Evacuation Plan

• Assemble outside the facility at pre-determined area for a head count

• Identify who is responsible for head count • Identify who is responsible for emergency

power shut down • Identify who will make appropriate

emergency phone calls • No one reenters facility until emergency is

over

Fire Safety

• Good house keeping is key to preventing fires

- Do not use compressed air to blow sawdust

- Keep evacuation routes/exits clear - Clean up daily

Fire Safety • Develop a system to alert employees

in the event of a fire • Ensure exits are properly marked

(steel roll up doors are not acceptable as fire exits)

• Ensure adequate number of extinguishers for size of building (no more than 75 ft. of travel)

• Ensure employees know extinguisher location

• Train employees on proper operation of extinguishers

Fire Extinguishers • Fire extinguishers must be selected and provided for the

types of materials in areas where they are to be used • Class A, Ordinary combustible material fires. • Class B, Flammable liquid, gas or grease fires. • Class C, Energized-electrical equipment fires.

• Fire extinguishers should be mounted within 75 feet of outside areas containing flammable liquids, and within 10 feet of any inside storage area for such materials

• Access to extinguishers should be free from obstructions or blockage

• Fire extinguishers must be serviced, maintained, and tagged at least once a year

Extinguishers Ordinary Combustibles

Includes materials such as wood and paper

Flammable Liquids Includes fuels, grease, other liquids

Electrical Fires Contains non-conductive smothering

agent

Fire Extinguisher Inspection

• Body of the extinguisher; rust, cracks, dents

• Check hose for cracks, dry-rot

• All fittings snug, no signs of leaks

• Lever and hinge assembly

• Safety pin in place, safety tie present

• Inspection tag, present and up to date

• Pressure gauge, needle in the green

How to use a Fire Extinguisher

P-A-S-S Pull -- Pull the pin at the top of the

extinguisher that keeps the handle from being activated

Aim -- Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire Squeeze -- Maintain a distance of eight to ten

feet away from the fire and squeeze the handle. Discharge will only occur if the handle is being squeezed.

Sweep -- Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the fire until it appears to be out.

Basic First Aid

• The OSHA First Aid standard (29 CFR 1910.151) requires trained first-aid providers at all workplaces of any size if there is no “infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is used for the treatment of all injured employees.”

Handling an Emergency

The three C’s, Check, Call, Care help us remember what to do in an emergency situation.

Check – check the area for your own safety first,

then the victim's Call – for help, 911 or whom ever is in the

immediate area that can provide assistance Care - administer care to the victim, this may be

first aid or at least stabilization