CABINET MINISTRY OF UKRAINECABINET MINISTRY OF UKRAINENATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCES OF UKRAINESCIENCES OF UKRAINE

EEcological monitoring of lucerne mosaic virus in cological monitoring of lucerne mosaic virus in agricultural landscapes of agricultural landscapes of NULE’s enterprise NULE’s enterprise

“Agronomic research station”“Agronomic research station”

Author:Author: E.E. Gladun E.E. Gladun

Supervisors:Supervisors:

Prof. Dr. Agricultural Sci. V.М. ChaikaProf. Dr. Agricultural Sci. V.М. Chaika

PhD. in Agriculture, PhD. in Agriculture,

Associate Prof. І.О. AntipovAssociate Prof. І.О. Antipov

Aim and goals of master’s thesisAim and goals of master’s thesis

Inspection of lucerna plantation to identify infection of mosaic virus. Diagnostic, identification and revealing of pathways of

lucerne mosaic viruses (LMV) distribution in agrarian cenoses.To achieve the aim following goals were determined:To achieve the aim following goals were determined:

1.1.To provide visual diagnostic of lucerne planting to reveal affection by To provide visual diagnostic of lucerne planting to reveal affection by

lucerne mosaic viruses (LMV)lucerne mosaic viruses (LMV). .

2.2.To account host weeds of lucerne virus infections. To calculate amount of host To account host weeds of lucerne virus infections. To calculate amount of host weeds of lucerne virus infections among plantation.weeds of lucerne virus infections among plantation.

3.3. To provide LMV diagnostic using methods of electronic microscop and To provide LMV diagnostic using methods of electronic microscop and immunoenzyme analisis.immunoenzyme analisis.

4.4. To To reveal ecological pathways of reveal ecological pathways of (LMV) distribution in agrarian (LMV) distribution in agrarian cenosescenoses..

Alfalfa mosaic virus

Symptoms: - rugosity of leaves; - top necrosis; - light-green mosaic; - yellow mosaic.

Lucerne mosaic virusLucerne mosaic virus

Experimental sites are situated at Experimental sites are situated at territory of NULE’s enterprise territory of NULE’s enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic “Velykosnitinske agronomic

educational-research station of O. educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenka”V. Muzichenka”

Lucerne

The object of our study was lucerne plants. Bush is high, semi-straight, leaf is green, open-type, petals are licht-violet.

Visual diagnostic of LMVVisual diagnostic of LMV

Edge necrosis on lucerne leaves

A plant with symptoms of dot

mosaic

Affected by viral chlorosis lucern plant (left),

healthy plant (right)

Symptoms, revealed on lucerne plants

№ Symptom Amount % from general amount

1 Rolling leaves 15 8

2 Viral chlorosis 3 1,6

3 Mosaics 9 4,8

4 Dwarf plants 4 2,1

5 Total plants with symptoms 31 16,6

6 Plants without symptoms 156 83,4

7 Inspected plants 187 100

Species composition and presence of weeds on lucerne plantation

№ Species of weed

Spec. on m2

% from general amount

1 Setaria glauca 28 51,8

2 Echinochloa crusgalli 3 5,5

3 Orache (Chenopodium album) 10 18

4 Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexu) 7 12,9

5 Wheat grass (Agropуron repens L.) 2 3,7

6 Sow-thistle Circium arvensis 4 7,4

7 Genral amount 54 100

Results of electronic microscopical study of Results of electronic microscopical study of lucerne samples lucerne samples

Bacilloid virions of lucerne mosaic virus (size 250х60 nm)

Results of lucerne samples, method of IEA

№ of sample

Indexes of optical density, wave length 405 nm

Repetition Mean1 2 3

1 0,411 0,421 0,416 0,4162 0,406 0,413 0,454 0,4243 0,409 0,412 0,421 0,4144 0,414 0,420 0,401 0,4125 0,414 0,402 0,419 0,4126 0,423 0,417 0,416 0,4197 1,721 1,731 1,750 1,7348 0,413 0,422 0,414 0,4169 0,411 0,419 0,421 0,417

10 0,408 0,413 0,404 0,40811(PK) 1,963 1,921 1,944 1,94312(NK) 0,403 0,411 0,415 0,410

CONCLUSIONS

1. Visual diagnostics of lucern plantation has beem provided to assess affection by lucerne mosaic virus. As a result of investigation four types of symptomes were revealed: rolling leaves 8% from general amount of inspected plants, viral chlorosis – 1,6%, intravein, dot, wave, circle, edge mosaics – 4,8%, dwarfness – 2,1%. Rolling leaves and mosaics occured the most often. 2. As a result of inspection host plants were revealed: (Setaria glauca), (Echinochloa crusgalli),(Chenopodium album), (Amaranthus retroflexus),(Circium arvensis), (Agropуron repens L.). Sensitive to LMV species were between these weeds, they may be affected by virus, accumulate it and transmite this virus: sow-thistle, amaranth, orache. Following symptoms were observed: chlorosis in sow-thistle , rolling and mosaics in amaranth , chlorosis and mosaics in orache.

3. During observation time it has been revealed that lucern plants, affected by LMV, loose natural resistance and got affected by different deceases more intensely. 4. LMV diagnostic using electronic microscopy method was performed. It has been shown that virus, causing symptoms belongs to Alfamovirus group, it has bacilloid morphology and size of particles 250х60 nm. 5. As a result of immunoenzyme analysis presence of LMV in sample # 7 was detected in optical density 1,734 nm.

RECOMMENDATIONS

After analysis of conclusions mentioned above it can be summarised that LMV is distributes in agrocenoses of NULE’s enterprise “Velikosnitinske educational-research station” both on cultural (in that case has economic value) and wild-growing plants. As a result of infection decrease of productivity is evident, to prevent distribution of LMV is possible in case of :1.Using sanated planting material, which has genetical resistance to viral agents. 2. Following to high culture of land cultivating. 3. Regulation of vectos quantity and weed the fields, especially destruction of that weeds that are reservoirs of LMV.4.Providing of total control concerning viral bearing of lucern planting, especially those, which would be used as a seeds.

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