CABIN CREW · 2018. 7. 17. · CABIN CREW SAFETY EQUIPMENT & PROCEDURES MANUAL FLIGHT SERVICES...

CABIN CREW

SAFETY EQUIPMENT

&

PROCEDURES

MANUAL

FLIGHT SERVICES

DIVISION

EDITION - V EFFECTIVE: 21 FEB, 2017

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SEP Manual Edition - V

CHAPTER: 10 Doc: FSD/MS/SEP/1/05

Emergency & Safety Announcement

Rev: 00 05th Nov, 2016

(Controlled Document do not copy without prior permission of GM – FSD)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER: 10

EMERGENCY & SAFETY ANNOUNCEMENT

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE.NO

Table Of Contents 1

10.1 GENERAL 3 10.1.1 Designated Cabin Crew 3 10.1.2 Emergency Guidelines 3 10.1.3 Guidelines at the time of an Evacuation 4

10.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURE 6 10.2.1 Rejected Take-Off and Abnormal Landing 6 10.2.2 Forced Emergency Landing 7 10.2.3 Ditching 8 10.2.4 Rejected Take – Off & Abnormal Landing For ATR

Aircraft 9

10.2.5 Forced Emergency Landing (ATR Aircraft) 11 10.2.6 Ditching (ATR Aircraft) 12 10.2.7 Commands to Pax during Emergency Situation 14

10.3 PASSENGER EVACUATION 15 10.3.1 Unplanned Emergency 15 10.3.2 Planned Emergency 15 10.3.3 Passenger Evacuation Rate 16

10.4 BRACE POSITION 17 10.4.1 General Brace Position Instructions for Pax & Crew 17 10.4.2 Brace Position for Cabin Crew 17 10.4.3 Brace Position for Passengers 18

10.5 SURVIVAL 19 10.5.1 Sea Survival 19

10.5.1.1 Sea Worthiness 19




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S.NO CONTENTS PAGE.NO 10.5.1.2 Protection 19 10.5.1.3 Location 20 10.5.1.4 Water 20 10.5.1.5 Food 21 10.5.2 Sea Hazard 21 10.5.3 Desert Survival 21

10.5.3.1 Protection 22 10.5.3.2 Location 22 10.5.3.3 Water 22 10.5.3.4 Food 23 10.5.3.5 Desert Hazards 23 10.5.3.6 Health Problems 23 10.5.4 Frost bite 24

10.6 SAFETY ANNOUNCEMENTS 27 10.6.1 Safety Demonstrations 27 10.6.2 Life Jacket 29 10.6.3 Portable Electronic Devices (NEW) 31 10.6.4 Turbulence 32 10.6.5 Refueling with Passengers on board 33 10.6.6 Decompression 34 10.6.7 Medical Assistance 35 10.6.8 Security Checks(Bomb Warning on Ground) 36 10.6.9 Bomb Threat 37

10.6.10 Emergency Landing 38 10.6.11 Emergency Ditching 41




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10.1. GENERAL: By virtue of its sophistication and state-of-art functioning, aviation industry needs to explain terminologies used in execution of its functions in clear terms. Development of SEP Manual is an effort in that direction. By classification of the subject matter it revolves around handling of emergency situations and it thus becomes a basic requirement to define term “EMERGENCY” which can best be explained in following phrase,

“Any Abnormal situation which involves Safety of Passengers and Aircraft”.

Cabin Crew should be prepared to evacuate airplane if an emergency arises. The Crew should also be alert and vigilant to conditions that may signal an emergency situation, such as sparks, fire, smoke, unusual noises, impact forces and abnormal airplane attitude. Majority of emergencies take place at take-off and landings with no prior warning. There are two types of Emergencies:

a). Forced Emergency Landing or Planned Emergencies: Those for which sufficient time exists to brief passengers and crew.

b). Unplanned Emergencies usually takes place at take-off and landing, with no time available: Those for which there is insufficient time to brief passengers and crew.

10.1.1. DESIGNATED CABIN CREW: a) Primary Crew

Cabin Crew assigned exits, shall be responsible for arming and disarming of exits in an emergency situation and conduct evacuation.

b) Secondary Crew Shall be responsible to position themselves in the passenger cabin and facilitate by directing the passengers towards the safe exits for evacuation.

10.1.2. EMERGENCY GUIDELINES: i) Evacuation shall not be initiated until aircraft comes to a complete stop. ii) Ensure engines are not running before opening doors directly FWD or

AFT of an engine/prop.




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D = Dedicated Assist Space A = Assertiveness R = Redirecting at unusable

exits E = Exit By-Pass D = Dried-Up Exits

iii) Be prepared for more than one impact. iv) Cabin Crew Members should respond to the commands from the Flight

Deck and initiate evacuation if required.

10.1.3. GUIDELINES AT THE TIME OF AN EVACUATION: a). Assertiveness

Assertive Cabin Crew can accelerate passenger movement to, and through an exit. Crew must be forceful in their use of commands. If necessary, they must use physical force to get passengers out of aircraft.

b). Dedicated Assist Space

All exits are designed to have a dedicated assist space either FWD and/or

AFT of door. The dedicated assist space is located between attendant station & door sill. Cabin Crew must grasp exit door assist handle and position themselves in the dedicated assist space, to ensure that they are not blocking exit in any way.

c). Role of Cabin Crew at an Unusable Exit If an exit is unusable, Cabin Crew must block door and redirect passengers to the nearest usable exit. Crew at an unusable exit must also remain aware of evacuation progress in adjacent cabin areas and at other usable exits and direct (or redirect) passengers as necessary to maintain equal flow at each exit. If passenger flow ceases at a nearby usable exit, Cabin Crew must take all necessary actions to redirect additional passengers towards usable exit.

d). Dried Up Exit

A dried up exit is a usable exit at which there are no evacuating passengers. During an evacuation it is necessary to maintain a balanced flow of passenger’s at all usable exits, minimizing total evacuation time. If an exit dries up, and conditions permit, Cabin Crew must do everything possible to attract passengers to the dried up exit.

e). Exit By-Pass (redirection)




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Exit by-pass, or redirection, means sending passengers from a usable exit to an adjacent usable exit. Exit by-pass is used to maintain balanced passenger flow to all usable exits. Passenger densities in forward zone of cabin are lower than in middle and aft zones. Use of exit by-pass to maintain passenger flow at forward doors becomes even more important in these aircraft

f). Crew must always be mentally ready during evacuation for: . Redirection of passengers

. Inhalation of carbon mono-oxide gas

.Hand baggage

. Handicapped passengers




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10.2. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES: 10.2.1. REJECTED TAKE-OFF & ABNORMAL LANDING:

1. Aircraft Stops 2. Flight Deck Command "Attention Cabin Crew at Stations "

3. Primary & Secondary crew shall simultaneously respond as follows:

Primary Crew Secondary Crew

Open seat belts Open seat belt Check if exit is safe / not safe Position in cabin

Take position Command passengers to: " Remain Seated & Open Seat Belt “

Standby Standby

4.Depending on the situation, Flight Deck Command may be either ‘A’ or ‘B, followed by respective sequences’:

4A. Flight Deck Command: "Use (specified) Exits & Evacuate” (repeat) “Evacuate"

5A. Cabin Crew shall respond as follows:


Open safe exit Control passengers to remain seated till exits are opened

Check slide is inflated/Door is locked to fully open position

Direct passengers towards safe Exit"

Take safe position at exit Take safe position in the cabin.

Command passengers: "Evacuate, Evacuate"

"Get Out" "Jump and Slide“

Command passengers: "Evacuate, Evacuate, Leave baggage,

Remove High Heels, Get Out, Go, Hurry up”

6. Cabin Crew Post Evacuation:

a) Check Cabin/Toilet/Flight Deck for any soul left on board b) Remove designated Emergency Equipment & Evacuate from nearest Exit c) Direct passengers to run, approximately 200 yards away from the aircraft. d) Assemble passengers and count number of passengers e) Provide First Aid / Reassurance is needed

4B Flight Deck Command “Cabin Crew retain your seats” 5B No evacuation is required and all Cabin Crew to remain standby for further

Instructions from Flight Deck/Senior Purser 7.Aircrafts Stops – likely pilot incapacitation, No commands from Flight Deck (within

15 to 20 seconds ), Senior Purser to undertake the following: Make P/A Announcement "Attention Cabin Crew at your Stations" Establish contact with Flight Deck Initiate Evacuation if required, and follow actions 5A & 6 Note: In case of structural breakdown, obvious fire / smoke and crew incapacitation, cabin crew may conduct evacuation after the aircraft stops without awaiting command.




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10.2.2. Forced Emergency Landing: 1. Flight Deck Command Purser to Cockpit immediately 2. Senior Purser reports to Flight Deck with a pen and paper 3. Senior Purser obtains briefing from Flight Deck, and confirms understanding as

per NITS and synchronize watches, Nature of emergency. Intentions (whether to inform passengers) Time available Special Instructions

4.

Cabin Crew at each zone shall start initial preparation as follows: If crew is involved in service they have to take their meal carts to respective galleys. Secure galleys , tie curtains and switch off galley power ,secure toilets.

5. Senior Purser to come out from Flight Deck and press ‘All-attendant-call’ thrice to deliver NITS.

6. Senior Purser briefs crew on NITS, area purser will confirm understanding 7. Senior Purser will call all crew on PA to report to AOR for cabin

preparation, makes announcement for passengers following the text of cabin preparation announcement.

8. Cabin Crew check passengers comply with cabin preparation announcement: a. Assign exits & alternate exits to passengers b. Check ABPs are seated next to exits and Assign Jobs to ABP. c. Check passengers remove high heels Confirm to Area Pursers cabin prepared for emergency landing & ABP briefed

9. Area Pursers do 360 in the area & confirm to Senior Purser cabin preparation completed

10. Senior Purser just do 360 in the cabin and confirms to Flight Deck “Cabin Ready for emergency landing”

11. Flight Deck command: "Cabin Crew Take positions for landing" Cabin Crew shall: a. Take respective seating positions b. Fasten seat belts & shoulder harnesses c. Do ‘silent review’ for actions to follow

12. When aircraft stops follow procedures described above - Rejected take off & Abnormal Landing.

Note: When emergency situation is not announced to passengers, Cabin Crew shall: a. Do the initial preparation b. Confirm initial preparation completed to Flight Deck. c. Check Passengers are in strict compliance with safety checks for landing

NITS




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10.2.3. Ditching: In any Ditching situation when an A/C may submerge in the water more at the AFT of A/C than FWD i.e. water level will be higher at AFT area of A/C. After ditching caution must be taken that passengers do not rush to AFT (or to a more submerged) end of the A/C.

1. Flight Deck Command “Purser to Cockpit immediately "

2. Senior Purser reports to Flight Deck with a pen and paper.

3. Senior Purser obtains briefing from Flight Deck, and confirms understanding as per NITS and synchronize watches:

Nature of emergency. (Ditching) Intentions (whether to inform passengers) Time available Special Instructions

4. Cabin Crew to each zone shall start initial preparation as follows: If crew is involved in service they have to take their meal carts to respective galleys. Secure galleys , tie curtains and switch off galley power ,secure toilets.

5. Senior Purser to come out from F/D and Press ‘All-attendant-call’ thrice to deliver NITS,

6. Senior Purser briefs Crew on NITS, area Purser will confirm understanding.

7. Senior Purser will call all Crew on PA to report to AOR for cabin preparation, makes announcement for passengers following the text of cabin preparation announcement.

8. Cabin Crew check passengers comply with Cabin Preparation Announcement & wear Life Jacket

a. Distribute infant life preservers.

b. Assign exits & alternate exits to passengers

c. Check ABP are seated next to exits and Assign jobs to ABP.

d. Distribute blankets , pillows etc to passengers

e. Check passengers remove high heels

f. Confirm to Area Pursers cabin prepared for Ditching & ABP briefed

9. Area Pursers do 360 in the area and confirm to Senior Purser that cabin is prepared for Ditching & ABP have been briefed.

10. Senior Purser just do 360 and confirms to Flight Deck “Cabin Ready for ditching”

11. Flight Deck command: "Cabin Crew Take positions for ditching" Cabin crew shall: a. Take respective seating positions b. Fasten seat belts & shoulder harnesses c. Do ‘silent review’ for actions to follow

12. When aircraft stops, cabin crew shall respond concurrently as follows:


NITS




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Check Exit is safe for opening Position in cabin

Open Exit Control passengers to remain seated until exits are Opened.

Inflate Crew Life Jacket Same as primary Crew

Check Slide Raft inflated /Launch Life Raft See if Primary Crew inflated S/R- L/R

Pull inflation handle if Slide/Raft does not inflate

Control pax on seats till exit is opened and especially if Slide /Raft is available

Command "Evacuate Evacuate "

“Open seat belt” “Leave baggage”

Once pax are at exit Command pax to: " Inflate Life jacket "

“Leave aircraft” “Crawl into slide raft”

“Start sitting from foot end”

Command " Evacuate Evacuate "

“Open seat belt” " Leave baggage "

" Inflate jacket at exit " " Leave aircraft "

Check Life/jacket inflated & board Raft Inflate Life/ Jacket & Board Raft

13. After passengers are seated in S/R, then disengage it, cut mooring line and paddle away to a safe distance.

14. Keep weight distribution even - Paddle away

15. Count number of Passengers.

16. Pull accessory kit & canopy out of water

17. Take charge, check/repair leaks & erect canopy.

18. Take charge of accessory kit items.

19. Designate responsibility for first aid, signaling devices & maintenance of slide raft.

20. Use survival techniques till rescue arrives.

10.2.4. Rejected Take-Off & Abnormal Landing for ATR Aircraft: 1. Aircraft Stops 2. Flight Deck Command “Attention Cabin Crew at your Stations” 3. FWD & AFT Crew shall simultaneously respond as follows:

AFT Senior Crew/LCC FWD Crew/Junior Crew Open seat belt Open seat belt Check if emergency exits are safe/not safe.(From last pax seat, cabin window)

Check if emergency Window exits are safe/not safe

Take position accordingly Take position accordingly Command passengers to: open seat belts, remain seated & remove

Command passengers to: open seat belts, remain seated &




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high heels remove high heels Control passenger Control passenger Standby Standby Depending on the situation, Flight Deck Command may be either “A” or “B”, followed by respective sequences’:

4A Flight Deck Command: “Use (Specified) Exits & Evacuate” (Repeat) “Evacuate”

5A Cabin crew shall respond concurrently as follows: AFT Senior Crew/LCC FWD Crew/Junior Crew

Open both exits, if safe(As per command) Open both Emergency Window exits, if safe(As per command)

Take position between exit Take position between exit Command Passengers: “Evacuate, Evacuate” “Leave hand baggage” “Get Out” Sit & jump Service door “Run down the steps” Entrance door “Run towards the aft of the A/C”

Command Passengers: “Evacuate, Evacuate” “Leave hand baggage” “Get Out” Sit & jump “Run towards the Fwd of the A/C’

Direct Passengers away from exit, approximately 200 yards away from the aircraft Cabin Crew Post Evacuation

AFT Senior Crew/LCC FWD /Junior Crew Check Cabin / Toilet / for any soul left on board

Check Flight Deck for any crew incapacitation

Remove designated Emergency Equipment Remove designated Emergency Equipment

Evacuate from nearest Exit Evacuate from nearest Exit Assemble Passengers Assemble Passengers Count the number of passengers. Count the number of passengers. Provide first aid / reassure as needed Provide first aid / reassure as needed

4A. Flight Deck Command and “All Passengers and Crew remain seated”

5B. No Evacuation is required and all cabin crew to remain standby for further Instructions from Flight Deck / FWD Crew. Chapter – 4: Page: 27, Serial #;14

Aircraft Stops- likely pilot incapacitation

6. No Commands from Flight Deck (within reasonable / stipulated time lapse), AFT crew to undertake the following:

Make PA Announcement “Cabin Crew Remain Standby” Establish contact with Flight Deck, with emergency call switch on intercom Panel Initiate Evacuation if required, and follow actions 5A & 6 Note1: In case of structural breakdown, obvious fire / smoke and crew incapacitation, Cabin Crew may conduct evacuation after the aircraft stops without awaiting Command. Note2 (a): In case of Land Landing: 1 mandatory crew (AFT Crew/LCC), the crew shall




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occupy AFT jump seat and follow AFT crew responsibilities for evacuation. (Must select ABP & assign duty) Note2 (b): In ditching situation: 1 mandatory crew (AFT Crew/LCC) will occupy FWD Jump seat. (Must select ABP & assign duty)

10.2.5. Forced Emergency Landing for ATR Aircraft: 1 Flight Deck Command “Purser to Cockpit immediately ” 2 LCC reports to Flight Deck with a pen and paper 3 LCC obtains briefing from Flight Deck , and confirms understanding as per NITS

and synchronize watches: Nature of emergency Intentions Time available Special Instructions

4 FWD Crew/Junior Crew shall do Initial Preparation as follows: a) Secure, Latch, lock galley & switch off galley power by AFT Crew. b) Secure loose objects in toilets & cabins, and tie curtains by FWD Crew. c) Check, cross check exits are prepared for emergency landing (Pin removed from

both AFT exits) by AFT Crew d) Collect water, blankets, pillows, etc for distribution to passengers FWD Crew e) Report in cabin for preparation by FWD Crew

5 LCC to come out from C/P, briefs FWD crew/ junior crew on NITS.

Emergency Preparation, If Announced to Passenger

Emergency Preparation, If Not Announced to Passenger

5 LCC makes announcement for passengers following the text of cabin preparation announcement.

LCC makes sure FWD Crew have completed initial preparation and report to flight deck. Initial preparation Completed.

NITS




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6 FWD Crew check passengers comply with cabin preparation announcement: a) Assign exits & alternate exits to

passengers b) Checks ABPs are seated next to Emg.

Window exits and assign Job to ABP. c) Distribute water / blankets, pillows

etc to passengers d) Check passengers remove high heels FWD Crew will confirm to AFT Crew cabin prepared for emergency landing & ABP briefed

a) Secure, Latch, lock galley & switch off galley power by AFT Crew.

b) Secure loose objects in toilets & cabins, and tie curtains by FWD Crew.

7 AFT Crew confirms to Flight Deck “Cabin Ready for emergency landing” 8 Flight Deck Command:

“Cabin Crew take position for landing” Cabin Crew shall: a) Take respective seating positions b) Fasten seat belts & shoulder harness c) Do “silent review” for actions to follow

9 When aircraft stops follow procedures described as in Unplanned Emergency.

10.2.6. Ditching for ATR Aircraft: In the event of a Ditching situation the A/C will ditch with a tilt, i.e.,anyone side of the A/C will be higher than the other side. (Left or right side). Therefore one of the aft exits will be inoperative as it will be below the water line. However, both emergency window exits will be used for ditching. Numbers of exits available for ditching are:

a) Both emergency windows. b) One of the aft exits (exit which is not tilted).

1 Flight Deck Command ”Purser to C/P Immediately” 2 LCC reports to Flight Deck with a pen and paper. 3 AFT Crew obtains briefing from Flight Deck and confirms understanding as per

NITS: Nature of emergency Ditching Intentions & confirm brace announcement Time available Special Instructions

4 FWD/Junior Crew shall do initial preparation. a) Secure, latch, lock galleys & switch off galley power b) Secure loose objects in toilets, cabin & tie curtains c) Checks & Cross Check exits prepared for Ditching & Exits not to be used for

Ditching. d) Remove life jacket for self and report to AOR for cabin preparation

5 LCC to come out from C/P, briefs FWD crew/ junior crew on NITS. 6 LCC makes announcement for passengers following the text of cabin preparation

announcement

NITS




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7 FWD Crew/Junior Crew check passengers comply with cabin preparation announcement & wear life jacket a) Distribute infant/toddler preserver life jackets inflate b) Assign exits & alternate exits to passengers c) Check ABPs are seated next to Emergency Window and assign jobs to ABPs d) Check passengers remove high heels e) Confirm to AFT Crew cabin prepared for Ditching & ABP briefed

8 LCC confirms to Flight Deck “Cabin ready for Ditching”

9 Flight Deck Command “Cabin Crew take positions for ditching ” Cabin Crew shall:

a) Take respective seating positions b) Check Life Jacket is donned c) Fasten seat belt & shoulder harness & d) Do the silent review for actions to follow for ditching

10 When the A/C stops after ditching FWD crew : Open safe window Exits (Primary) Evacuate passenger from window after command “Sit & Jump“ and to inflate

life jacket before leaving aircraft Evacuate self after checking cabin & Flight Deck

AFT Crew: Open safe AFT exit, if required (Secondary) Direct passenger to inflate life jacket, “sit & jump”.

POST EVACUATION DUTIES: 1. Check FWD and AFT that nobody remains in the Aircraft. 2. Inflate life jacket and evacuate, along with ELT (Tie it to yourself) 3. While in water try to remain together in circle & float. 4. Wait for rescue.




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10.2.7. Commands to Passengers During Emergency Situations:

SITUATION ENGLISH COMMAND URDU COMMAND

1. Abnormal Roll. "Bend Down"

2. Passenger Control at the time when the aircraft stops.

"All passengers remain seated & open seat belt "

3. Evacuation Command at the Safe exits by Primary crew.

"Evacuate, Evacuate" “Open Seat Belt”

"Get Out" "Jump and Slide"

4. Evacuation command in the cabin by Secondary crew

" Evacuate, Open seat belt”

“Leave Baggage" "Remove High Heels

"Get Out GO " "Hurry Up"

"This way, that way"

5. In case of Ditching at the time of evacuation Primary Crew at Exit

"Evacuate, Open seat belt”

" Inflate Life jacket " " Go Sit In Raft "

6. In case of Ditching at the time of evacuation Secondary Crew in cabin

Command " "Evacuate Open seat belt" Leave baggage

Inflate jacket at exit" "Leave aircraft"




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10.3. Passengers Evacuations: 10.3.1. Unplanned Emergency:

a) Rejected Takeoff / Abnormal Landing i) Use all available exits after receiving command to evacuate within

defined procedures. Before opening the exit, ask exit row Passenger to go down first & hold the Evacuation Device by no fail handles.

ii) 50% exits are available for evacuation; same may be accomplished within 90 seconds.

iii) When evacuating maintain smooth flow rate i.e. on dual lane slide raft passenger flow would be 2 persons per second.

iv) For smooth rate of evacuation Crew Member may have to adopt principle of By-pass exits or Dried-up exits (in wide bodied aircraft).

10.3.2. Planned Emergency: a) Forced Landing / Ditching

i) If all exits are available for passenger evacuation will be refer to specific aircraft type for smooth Passengers evacuation flow.

ii) In case any exit is minus passenger may accordingly be briefed during cabin preparation as to which alternate exit would be used for evacuation.

iii) In case of ditching always evaluate aircraft drift / attitude buoyancy position of A/C.

Note: a) No evacuation would be conducted without the command of Flight

Deck except: b) In case of structural breakage / smoke filled cabin / explosive

fire/ditching, where evacuation maybe required to be conducted without Flight Deck Crew command.

c) In case of pilot incapacitation adopt the principle of chain of command if evacuation is required.

d) In case any exit is minus, as indicated in NITS briefing, redirect passengers to alternate exits and maintain an equal flow.

e) Any exit fitted with Ramp/Slide or Escape/Slide will be used as secondary option in case of ditching situation except for A-320(Main Doors) which will be primary exits in case of Ditching




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10.3.3. Passenger Evacuation Rate

In B-777-300-ER in land landing evacuation flow rate at LR3 would be 2 persons

per 4 seconds & secondary in ditching.

In A310 in land landing passenger evacuation flow rate at LR2 would be 1 person

per 4 second & secondary in ditching.

In A-320 – Land landing over wing windows flow rate 2 person per 4 seconds.

EVACUATION COMMANDS GIVEN BY CABIN CREW:

EXITS COMMANDS

INFLATABLE DEVICE (LAND LANDING)

JUMP AND SLIDE/RUN FAR AWAY FROM THE A/C

NON-INFLATABLE DEVICE (SINGLE LANE)

SIT AND SLIDE/RUN FAR AWAY FROM THE A/C

MAIN ENTRANCE DOOR(ATR)

RUN DOWN THE STEPS RUN TOWARDS THE AFT OF THE A/C(LAND LANDING) PADDLE TOWARDS THE AFT OF THE A/C(DITCHING)

SERVICE DOOR(ATR)

SIT AND JUMP RUN TOWARDS THE AFT OF THE A/C(LAND LANDING) PADDLE TOWARDS THE AFT OF THE A/C(DITCHING)

WINDOW EXITS(ATR)

SIT AND JUMP RUN TOWARDS THE FWD OF THE A/C(LAND LANDING) PADDLE TOWARDS THE FWD OF THE A/C(DITCHING)

WINDOW EXITS(A320) LEG BODY LEG




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10.4. Brace Positions: 10.4.1. General Brace Position Instruction:

The following are the general instructions applicable to all brace positions.

a) Lower torso should be firmly against the seat back. b) Safety belt should be worn as tight and as low on torso as possible. The

more tightly the safety belt is adjusted, the better restraint it will provide.

c) If the safety belt includes a shoulder harness, the harness should be adjusted so that it is tight but does not pull the lap portion of the safety belt upward.

d) The safety belt and safety harness should lie flat against the body and should not be twisted.

e) Feet should be flat on the floor and slightly forward to the edge of the occupant’s seat.

10.4.2. Brace Position for Cabin Crew:

Forward facing seat

Safety belt and shoulder harness

Aft facing seat

Safety belt and shoulder harness




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10.4.3. Brace Position for Passengers:

Forward facing seat

Safety belt only

High Density seating

Against Bulk Head

FWD facing seat

Safety belt only

High density seating

Against seat and against seat with break over feature.

Forward facing seat

Safety belt only

Low Density seating

Arms wrapped under legs

FWD facing seat

Safety belt only

High density seating

Adult holding infant

Forward facing seat

Safety belt only

High Density seating

Against seat and against seat with break over feature

Pregnant

Aft facing seat (only for ATR)

Safety belt only

Pregnant




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10.5. Survival: Successful survival at desert / sea depends on two factors

a) The will to survive

b) Knowledge Four basic principles for survival are 1. Protection 2. Location 3. Water 4. Food

10.5.1. Sea Survival:

It is important to protect body from extremes of heat / cold and to avoid continuous immersion in seawater.

10.5.1.1. Sea Worthiness: a) Distribute load equally with pax back to periphery and their feet to the

center. b) Deploy and check sea anchor and erect canopy cover c) Retrieve emergency equipment and survival kit. d) Get rid of items that may puncture or damage Slide/Raft. e) Check pressure of buoyancy chambers. Use hand pump if necessary.

10.5.1.2. Protection:

a) Aircraft slide raft provide protection and it is essential to board them as soon as possible.

b) Secure slide rafts together c) Maintain the raft dry. d) Erect canopy to protect from severe weather conditions. e) Life jackets must be kept on at all times. They can be slightly deflated

for extra comfort. f) Passengers should stay close to one another. g) Keep clothes dry. h) Exercise body and facial muscles. i) During hot weather discard extra clothing, but keep body covered

thinly to prevent from sunstroke. j) Clothes may also be soaked in seawater to help cooling.




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k) Eyes should also be protected.

l) Keep all unused equipments in the centre 10.5.1.3. Location:

a) Plan of action should be discussed and agreed upon by crew, keeping in mind the following facts. Area of ditching. 1. Was the A/C being tracked at the time of crash? 2. Weather conditions. 3. Supplies of water and food available. 4. It is best to stay in the area of ditching for at least for 72 hours.

b) To attract the search and rescue forces, use the following equipment. 1. ELT 2. Day/night flares. 3. Signaling mirror.

10.5.1.4. Water: a) Survival is limited to 4-8 days without water. The only water supplies

available are: 1. Water ration in emergency pack 2. A/C water supplies. 3. A/C soft drinks. 4. De-salted sea water. 5. Rain water.

b) Water has to be strictly rationed. De-salting kit should be used when insufficient water is available from airplane supplies.

c) We can prevent body from loosing water by 1. Keeping perspiration to a minimum. 2. Avoid seasickness.

d) Rationing 1. Day one: No water issued at all the first day, except for injured

passengers. The body can live off its own water. 2. Day two, three and four: 14 ounces per day if available may be

used. 3. Day Five onwards: two to eight ounces. When drinking, lips, mouth

and throat should be moistened before swallowing.




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4. Water Source: Rainwater is the most common. e) Useful Information

1. Keep skin cool by seawater. 2. Plenty of sleep and rest. 3. Keep exercise to minimum. 4. Prevent sea sickness 5. Do not drink sea water / alcohol 6. Avoid smoking 7. Keep mouth moist, perhaps by sucking on a button or a piece of

cloth.

10.5.1.5. Food: The only food available is; 1. What is removed from the aircraft. 2. What you can catch. 3. Food rations in emergency pack. NOTE: It must be remembered that food intake is limited by the amount of water available. Most fish in open sea are edible. However, it is wise to reject any fish which is slimy, without scales, has sunken eyes, has unpleasant odor, spiny, brightly colored and with puffed up appearance, they may be poisonous to eat and touch.

10.5.2. Sea Hazards: Sharks are known to attack swimmers and dinghies, therefore when sighted; the following action should be taken. 1. Stop fishing. 2. Keep calm and silent as sharks are very sensitive to sound.

10.5.3. Desert Survival: Most important principle is to minimize heat / cold absorption. Human body absorbs heat and cold through following:

Absorption of heat Absorption of Cold

a. Sun rays (hot climate) b. Hot surface i.e. ground c. Heat wave

a) Temperature below freezing b) Wind chill.




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10.5.3.1. Protection: It is important to leave airplane as quickly as possible. Give first aid to the injured.

a) Shade: stay out of sun during day. Canopy can be used to provide shade. i) When danger of fire is abated it is advisable to return to the vicinity

of the airplane. ii) Sunburn can be dangerous. Try not to expose your head or skin. iii) Wear sunglasses during the daytime. If you have no glasses use an

eye shade or cloth. Even though the glare may not bother you, it does affect your ability to see objects at a distance and also reduces your night vision.

iv) Deserts may become very cold at night. Keep your clothes buttoned and avoid getting a chill.

b) Platform: Build a platform above the ground by using slides, seat cushions, blankets, pillows or any other material. Sit on platform, avoid lying down. Scooping top layers of sand will provide cooler platform.

c) Do not remove your clothing. Keep at least one layer on. Stay out of hot wind.

d) Activity: Limit physical activity during daytime. If anything is to be done, do it during evening and night hours.

10.5.3.2. Location: Unless habitation is very close by, it is better to stay near the airplane and await rescue.

10.5.3.3. Water:

a) The only water supplies available are: i) A/C water supplies. ii) A/C soft drinks.

b) Additional water may be available from: i) Rain: Erect rain catchments by suspending an UN-Inflated slide

between four stakes. ii) Water Wells.

c) Purify water in following ways




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i) Use water-purifying tablets. ii) Do not ration water. Drink as much as possible to quench thirst.

Drinking water enables an individual to function properly and take correct decisions.

10.5.3.4. Food:

a) In addition to food from airplane and the emergency pack, animal life in the desert is a source of food

b) Remember that food intake is limited to the amount of water available.

c) Some desert plant store water in their trunks, branches and root, but avoid plants with milky sap. These are POISONOUS.

10.5.3.5. Desert Hazards: a). Risk of heart attack is reduced, by staying in shade. Keep perspiration

to a minimum. Loss of salt in sweat can cause heat exhaustion cramps and eventually death.

b). Desert snakes must be regarded as poisonous. If bitten, immediately apply a tourniquet between snakebite and heart. Cut across the bite to increase bleeding, and then try to suck venom out of the bite and spit it out. Tourniquet should be released after 20 minutes. If after 2 hrs the bitten person is still alive, you have been successful. Scorpions, spiders and beetles etc are hazardous.

10.5.3.6. Health Problems: Exposure to desert sun can be dangerous. Problems related to prolonged exposure and their possible remedies are as follows:

Problem Symptom Treatment 1. Heat Faint: Fainting may occur suddenly after prolonged exertion in the heat of the sun.

The skin is cool and moist. The pulse is weak.

Rest is a semi-reclining position, in the shade. Keep the head and the back of the neck cools and give liquids to drink.

2. Heat Cramps: Cramps in the muscles of abdomen, hands and feet mainly due to loss of salt

The skin is cool and moist. Muscle twitching may be present. Temperature

Half teaspoon of salt with large amounts of water should be given every 30-60 minutes.




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10.5.4. Frostbite:

Frostbite most commonly occurs if a part of body is exposed to wind in very cold weather. Ears, nose, chin, fingers and toes are more frequently affected.

a) Symptoms: Affected part is cold, stiff and painful. Loss of movement and numbness will occur.

b) Treatments: Place victim in shelter and give warm liquids to drink. Remove tight clothing, gloves, rings and tight boots.

c) To thaw the affected part: i) Face Cover with dry hand until normal color and sensation

returns. ii) Hands Place inside the clothing under the armpits. iii) Feet Wrap in warm blanket.

d) Caution: Do not rub the affected part. Do not apply direct heat in any form.

e) Useful Information: i) Use body heat to aid in thawing the affected part.

from the body. is normal or slightly raised.

3. Heat Exhaustion: A reaction of the body to prolonged heat exposure. It is due to loss of salt or water or a combination of both. This condition may lead to heat stroke.

Extreme thirst, muscular cramps, associated weakness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Place the victim in shade and give plenty of cool salted juices or salt tablets with water. Since the victim is thirsty, replacement of water without salt will worsen the condition.

4. Heat Stroke: Heat stroke is a condition that occurs due to the failure of the heat regulating mechanism of the body. The victim may fall unconscious and stop sweating.

Initially there is headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, fits and visual disturbances leading to coma. The skin is hot, flushed and usually dry. The pulse is strong and very rapid.

Promptly reduce temperature. Place the victim in a cool, shady place and remove all clothing. Sprinkle the victim’s entire body with cold water.




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ii) Never forcibly remove frozen shoes or socks. First place in lukewarm water until soft and then remove gently.

iii) Never rub frostbite, you may tear the tissues and cause further damage.

iv) Never apply snow or ice. v) Do not thaw a frozen part by exercising. Do not stand or walk on

frozen feet. vi) Wear clothing properly to keep warm and dry. If possible the

outer clothing should be wind proof. Tight fitting clothes cut off circulation and increase the danger of freezing. Wear loose clothes.

vii) Keep ears covered with a scarf or any other cloth. viii) Do not wear shoes and socks too tightly. ix) Avoid sweating. It is dangerous because it leads to fre




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10.6. SAFETY ANNOUNCEMNET: 10.6.1. Safety Demonstration:




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Ladies & Gentlemen, Please pay close attention, if you are frequent flyer, as this will help you to understand the safety demonstration and features. For your safety, keep your seat belts fastened during takeoff/ landing and throughout the flight as we may encounter turbulence unexpectedly. To fasten seat belt, insert the flat metal end in to the buckle and pull the strap to tighten. To unfasten, lift the latch. During loss of cabin pressure oxygen mask will drop automatically in front of you. Pull the mask with a jerk, cover your nose & mouth with it fit the mask tightly around your head by pulling the elastic strap and breathe normally. Help others in wearing their mask only after you have worn your own mask. In case there is smoke in the cabin, follow the lighted escape path or luminous escape path along the aisle floor, which will guide you towards the emergency exits. Please read the safety instruction card placed in the seat pockets in front of you and make sure you are aware of the location of emergency exits. Please ensure that your window shutters are open before takeoff and landing. In case of an emergency landing, keep your seat belts fastened and bend forward. Stay in this position till the aircraft comes to a complete stop. In case of evacuation unfasten your seat belts, remove pointed and high heeled shoes and move towards the emergency exits nearest to you and evacuate.

Thank You for your attention.




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10.6.2. a)Life Jacket Demo (Over Water Flying):




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b) Life Jacket Demo (Over Water Flying):

Ladies & Gentlemen!

- In case of emergency landing on water, you would be required to

put on the life jacket.

- The life jacket is placed under your seat except for Business

Class, (Cabin Crew will show the location of life jacket in B+

class).

- To put on the life jacket, pull it over your head and strap it

around your waist & latch it properly.

- Pull the strap to tighten & tuck the extra strap around the waist.

- To inflate the life jacket pulls the red toggle.

- The life jacket can also be inflated by blowing through this tube

(Cabin Crew to show this tube). The life Jacket should only be

inflated while leaving the aircraft and not before.

- Life Jacket for the infants are available with the crew.

Thank You




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10.6.3. Portable Electronic Devices:

Ladies & gentlemen,

You are requested to switch off all electronic devices, as their use may

interfere with navigation and communication system of the Aircraft.

However, they may be used 15 minutes after takeoff, until seat belt signs

are switched on for landing.

For safety reasons, devices with cellular SIMs may only be used in flight-

mode.

Thank you for your cooperation




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10.6.4 Turbulence:

Ladies and Gentlemen May I have your attention please. The flight has become turbulent because of weather. For your safety, you are required to be seated and keep your seat belts fastened. Thank you




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10.6.5. Re-Fueling with Passengers on Board:

Ladies and Gentlemen May I have your attention please. The aircraft is being refueled. Occupy your seat with your seat belt unfasten. Do not use your mobile phone, CD player, Lap top computer, Camera Flashlight and any other electronic devices.

Thank you for your co-operation.




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10.6.6. De-compression:




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10.6.7. Medical Assistance:

Ladies and Gentleman

One of our passengers needs medical assistance. If there is a doctor on

board please contact the crew on Row No. ……………….

Thank you

NOTE: NOT TO BE ANNOUNCED

This announcement should be repeated if required.




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10.6.8. Security Check (Bomb Warning on Ground):




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10.6.9. Bomb Treat:




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10.6.10. Emergency (Land Landing):

Ladies & Gentlemen May I have your attention please,

This is an emergency announcement. On the instruction of the captain, we are preparing you for an emergency landing. Listen carefully to these instructions and follow them. We may have to move some passengers to other seats. Please move to another seat when instructed. Remove your dentures, glasses, sharp objects, ties, high heels and loosen your collars. Fasten your seat belt tightly. Bring your armrest down and your seat back to an upright position. Close your meal table. Cabin crew collects all unsecured items from passengers and secure them.




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Crew will now demonstrate a Safe position for emergency landing. This is called BRACE position. When you are instructed to BRACE, take this position. Lock your hands under your knees and place your head on the knees. Those of you unable to do this should cross both your hands and place them on the back of the seat in front of you and cradle your head between elbows. Keep your feet firmly on the floor. As there may be more than one impact, you must remain in BRACE position until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. Maintain this position so that crew can check you. If you have any questions please contact cabin crew now.

Crew is now showing you the exits. The crew will be at the exits to help you at the time of passenger evacuation. On ground, if there is smoke in the cabin, follow the lighted escape path along the aisle floor, which will guide you towards the emergency exits.




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When instructed to leave aircraft, unfasten belts and quickly leave the aircraft from the nearest emergency exit, without your carry on baggage. When outside, remain away from the aircraft. Now, read your Safety briefing card kept in seat pocket in front of you. Thank You




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10.6.11 Emergency (Ditching):

Ladies & Gentlemen May I have your attention please, This is an emergency announcement. On the instruction of the captain, we are preparing you for an emergency landing. Listen carefully to these instructions and follow them. We may have to move some passengers to other seats. Please move to another seat when instructed. Remove your dentures, glasses, sharp objects, ties, high heels and loosen your collars. In case of ditching you would be required to put on the life jacket. The Life Jacket is placed under your seat.

Place your jacket over your head, strap it around your waist and buckle it. Make sure that the buckle has clicked into place. Pull the strap to tighten and tuck the extra strap around the waist.




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Do not inflate life jacket while inside the aircraft. Just before leaving the aircraft, inflate the life jacket by pulling this cord. The jacket can also be inflated by blowing through this tube. Infant Life preservers are available with the crew. Life preserver should be inflated first. Ensure that the buckle has clicked in properly. Fasten your seat belt tightly. Bring your armrest down and your seat back to an upright position. Close your meal table.

Cabin crew collect all unsecured items from passengers and secure them.

Crew will now demonstrate a Safe position for emergency landing. This is called BRACE position. When you are instructed to BRACE, take this position. Lock your hands under your knees and place your head on the knees. Those of you unable to do this should cross both your hands and place them on the back of the seat in front of you and cradle your head between elbows. Keep your feet firmly on the floor.




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As there may be more than one impact, you must remain in BRACE position until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. Maintain this position so that crew can check you. If you have any questions please contact cabin crew now.

Crew is now showing you the exits. The crew will be at the exits to help you at the time of emergency landing. When instructed to leave aircraft, unfasten belts and quickly leave the aircraft from the nearest emergency exit without your carry on baggage. Inflate you jacket just before jumping into the water or stepping onto the raft.

Now, read your Safety briefing card kept in seat pocket in front of you. Thank You




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CABIN CREW · 2018. 7. 17. · CABIN CREW SAFETY EQUIPMENT & PROCEDURES MANUAL FLIGHT SERVICES...

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