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2Dive Into

Visual C# 2008Express

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Seeing is believing.

Proverb

Form ever follows function. Louis Henri Sullivan

Intelligence is the faculty of making artificialobjects, especially tools to make tools.

Henri-Louis Bergson

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OBJECTIVES

In this chapter you will learn!he "asics o# the $isual %tudio Integrated&evelop'ent Environ'ent (I&E) that assistsyou in writing, running and de"ugging your *+progra's.$isual %tudio s help #eatures.

ey co''ands contained in the I&E s 'enusand tool"ars.!he purpose o# the various -inds o# windowsin the $isual %tudio 200 I&E.

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OBJECTIVES

hat visual progra''ing is and how itsi'pli#ies and speeds progra' develop'ent.!o create, co'pile and e ecute a si'ple *+progra' that displays te t and an i'age usingthe $isual %tudio I&E and the techni ue o#visual progra''ing.

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2.1 Intro u!tion

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008 IDE

2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar

2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDE

2.+ ,sin* -elp

2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* to Create aSi ple /ro*ra t$at Displa s Text anan I a*e

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2.1 Intro u!tion

Visual Studio 2008 is Microsoft 5s IntegratedDevelopment Environment (IDE) for various .NET

programming languages. Visual Studio allo s !ou to drag and drop predefined

components into place 6 a tec"ni#ue called visualprogramming .

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2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE

T"e follo ing e$amples use Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition .

%ull versions of Visual Studio &'' include support forot"er languages.

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Select Start > All Programs > Microsoft VisualC# 2008 Express Edition . T"e Start Page displa!s (%ig. &. ).

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

4i*. 2.1 5 Start Page in $isual *+ 200 E press Edition.

New Project button

Start Page tab

Toolbox tab collapsible window Start Page links Empty Solution Explorer (no projects open)

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The Start Page contains a list o !"# resourcesand $eb-based resources.

Recent Pro ects contains recentl% modi iedpro&ects.

!etting Started ocuses on using the !"# orcreating programs' learning Visual () and connectingto the developer communit%.

Visual C# Express "eadlines and MS $% Visual C# Express Edition provide in ormationabout programming in Visual ().

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

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*ou can +ro se t"e e+ using t"e IDE 5s internal $ebbro$ser . Select Vie& > 't(er )indo&s > )e* +ro&ser . ,e#uest a e+ page +! entering its -, into t"e location +ar

(%ig. &.&).

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

Re uested web page(!R" inlocation bar drop#down)

Selected tab $or re uestedweb page

4i*. 2.2 5 &isplaying a we" page in $isual %tudio.

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/ pro&ect is a group of related files0 suc" as t"e codefiles and an! images t"at ma1e up a program.

Solutions contain one ore more pro2ects.

To +egin programming in Visual 340 select ,ile * $e& Pro ect

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

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T"e $e& Pro ect dialog (%ig. &.5) displa!s. Templates are pro2ect t!pes users can create in

Visual 34. / +indo$s Form s application e$ecutes it"in a 6indo s

operating s!stem and "as a graphical user inter ace , ! / .

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

4i*. 2.% 5 $e& Pro ect dialog.

%isual &' indows FormsApplication (selected)

e$ault project name(pro*ided by %isual Studio)

escription o$ selectedproject (pro*ided by%isual Studio)

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3lic1 '- to displa! t"e IDE in esign vie$ (%ig. &.7)0 "ic" contains features to create programs.

T"e gra! rectangle (called a Form ) represents t"emain indo of t"e application.

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

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2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

+cti*e tab

4i*. 2.( 5 esign view o# the I&E.

Tabs ,enu ,enu bar Solution Explorer window

Properties windowForm ( indows -orms application)

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%igure &.8 s"o s "ere t"e Form 9s name can +e modifiedin t"e Properties indo .

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

4i*. 2.+ 5 !e t"o control #or 'odi#ying a property in the $isual %tudio I&E.

Text box (displaying t.e Form 9s name/Form1 ) w.ic. can be modi0ed

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%igure &.: s"o s a dialog in "ic" a control9s font properties can +e modified.

2.2 Overvie" o t$e Visual Stu io 2008IDE Cont.3

4i*. 2. 5 &ialog #or 'odi#ying a control5s #ont properties in the $isual %tudio I&E.

12 button

&ancel button

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2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar Cont.3

3ommands for managing t"e IDE are contained in menus on t"e menu bar of t"e IDE (%ig. &.;).

T"e set of menus displa!ed depends on "at !ou arecurrentl! doing in t"e IDE.

Menus contain groups of related menu items t"at causet"e IDE to perform specific actions.

4i*. 2.6 5 $isual %tudio 'enu "ar.

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4i*. 2.8 5 %u''ary o# $isual %tudio 200 I&E 'enus.

2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar Cont.3

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2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar Cont.3

4i*. 2.7 5 %tandard $isual %tudio tool"ar.

NewProject

1pen

Sa*e +ll

&opy

!ndo

Na*igate3ackward

Start

Solution&on0gurations

+dd New4tem

Sa*e &ut Paste Redo Na*igate-orward

Solution Plat$orms -indSolutionExplorer

1bject3rowser

Start Page

ocument1utline

Toolbo xPropertiesindow

-ind in -iles

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2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar Cont.3

*ou can add more tool+ars +! selecting Vie& > .ool*ars (%ig. &. ').

4i*. 2.10 5 Adding the +uild tool"ar to the I&E.

+dditional toolbarsappear .ere

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2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar Cont.3

Some icons contain a do n arro t"at displa!s relatedcommands (%ig. &. ).

4i*. 2.11 5 I&E tool"ar icon showing additional co''ands.

Toolbar

own arrow indicatesadditional commands

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2.% &enu Bar an Tool'ar Cont.3

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDE

T"e IDE provides indo s for accessing pro2ect files andcustomi=ing controls. T"ese indo s can +e accessed via t"e tool+ar icons

(%ig. &. 5) or t"e Vie& menu.

4i*. 2.1% 5 !ool"ar icons #or $isual %tudio windows.

Solution

Explorer

Properties window1bject3rowser

Toolbox

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

6"en auto-hide is ena+led0 a ta+ appears along t"e edgeof t"e IDE indo (%ig. &. 7).

4i*. 2.1( 5 Auto8hide #eature de'onstration.

4con $or .idden window(auto#.ide enabled)

2

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

To disa+le auto>"ide and 1eep t"e indo open0 clic1 t"e pinicon in t"e indo 9s upper>rig"t corner. 6"en a indo is ?pinned do n0@ t"e pin icon is vertical

(%ig. &. :). Toolbox ?pinned down @%ertical orientation $or pin iconw.en window is pinned down

4i*. 2.1 5 &isa"ling auto8hide ( pinning down: a window).

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

2/ /1 Solution Explorer T"e Solution Explorer indo (%ig. &. ;) provides

access to all of a solution9s files. T"e solution9s startup pro&ect runs "en !ou select e*ug

> Start e*ugging . T"e file t"at corresponds to t"e Form is named Form1.cs .

Visual 34 files use t"e .cs file>name e$tension.

4i*. 2.16 5 Solution Explorer with an open pro;ect.

S.ow +ll -iles icon

Toolbar

Startup project

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

3lic1ing t"e S(o& All ,iles icon displa!s all t"e filesin t"e solution (%ig. &. ).

4i*. 2.18 5 Solution Explorer showing plus "o es and 'inus "o es #or e panding andcollapsing the tree to reveal or hide pro;ect #iles, respectively.

Plus box

,inus box

Pre*iously

.idden $olders

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

3lic1 a plus +o$ to displa! grouped items (%ig. &. A)

4i*. 2.17 5 Solution Explorer e panding the /roperties #ile a#ter you clic- its plus"o .

,inus box indicatest.at t.e 0le or $older

is expanded (c.anged

$rom plus box)

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

3lic1 t"e minus +o$ to collapse t"e tree from its e$pandedstate (%ig. &.&').

4i*. 2.20 5 Solution Explorer collapsing all #iles a#ter you clic- any 'inus "o es.

Plus boxes indicatet.at t.e 0le or $older

is collapsed (c.anged$rom minus box

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

2/ /2 .ool*ox

T"e .ool*ox contains iconsrepresenting controls used to

customi=e Form s (%ig. &.& ).

T"e .ool*ox groups t"e pre+uilt controls intocategories.

7roup names

&ontrols

4i*. 2.21 5 .ool*ox window displaying controls #or the Common Controls group.

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

2/ /2 .ool*ox To displa! t"e Properties indo 0 select Vie&

> Properties )indo& . T"e Properties $indo$ allo s !ou to modif! a

control9s properties visuall!0 it"out riting code(%ig. &.&&).

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2.( )avi*atin* t$e Visual Stu io IDECont.3

4i*. 2.22 5 Properties window showing the description o# the selected property.

Property *alues

Properties

escription

&ategori6ed icon

+lp.abetical icon

&omponentselection drop#down list

Toolbar

Scrollbar

Scrollbox

3/

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4i*. 2.2% 5 "elp 'enu co''ands.

T"e Help menu commands are summari=ed in %ig. &.&5.

2.+ ,sin* -elp

3

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2.+ ,sin* -elp Cont.3

(onte t-sensitive help displa!s relevant "elp articlesrat"er t"an a generali=ed list (%ig. &.&7). To use conte$t>sensitive "elp0 clic1 an item0 t"en press t"e F1 1e!.

4i*. 2.2( 5

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2.+ ,sin* -elp Cont.3

Select .ools > 'ptions Ma1e sure t"at t"e S(o& all settings c"ec1+o$

is c"ec1ed (%ig. &.&8). Select "elp on t"e left0 t"en locate t"e S(o& "elp

using% drop>do n list. External "elp Vie&er displa!s articles in a separate

indo

3ntegrated "elp Vie&er displa!s a "elp articleinside t"e IDE.

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2.+ ,sin* -elp Cont.3

4i*. 2.2+ 5 'ptions dialog displaying -elp settings.

S.ow 5elp using drop#down list5elp options selected

S.ow all settings c.eck box

3

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e

Visual 34 "as pree$isting controls used to +uild and customi=e programs (%ig. &.&:).

/ Label contains descriptive te$t.

/ PictureBox displa!s an image0 suc" as t"e Deitel +ugmascot.

4i*. 2.2 5 %i'ple progra' e ecuting.

Label control

PictureBox control

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2 i i l i

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Select ,ile > $e& Pro ect and create a ne)indo&s ,orms Application (%ig. &.&;).

Name t"e pro2ect ASimpleProgram and clic1 '- .

4i*. 2.26 5 $e& /ro e!t dialog.

Type t.e project name Template types

/0

2 i * Vi l / * i *

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Select ,ile > Sa4e All to displa! t"e Sa4e Pro ect dialog (%ig. &.& ).

4i*. 2.28 5 Sa4e Pro ect dialog.

/1

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

3lic1 t"e +ro&se +utton0 "ic" opens t"ePro ect 5ocation dialog (%ig. &.&A).

Navigate t"roug" t"e directories and select one in"ic" to place t"e pro2ect.

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

4i*. 2.27 5 %etting the pro;ect location in the Pro ect 5ocation dialog.

Selected project location

&lick to set projectlocation

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

3lic1 an! "ere in t"e Form to displa! t"e Form 9s properties in t"e Properties indo .

3lic1 in t"e te$t+o$ to t"e rig"t of t"e Text propert% +o$ and t!pe ? A Simple Program @ (%ig. &.5').

4i*. 2.%0 5 %etting the Form 5s Text property in the Properties window.

Selected property

Property description

Name and type o$ control

Property *alue

//

2 i * Vi l / * i * t

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Select t"e +ottom>rig"t si=ing "andle and drag it do n andto t"e rig"t to ma1e t"e Form larger (%ig. &.5&).

*ou can also resi=e a Form +! setting its Size propert!.

4i*. 2.%2 5 >esi=ed Form .

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra Cont.3

3lic1ing BackColor in t"e Properties indo causes ado n>arro +utton to appear (%ig. &.55). 6"en clic1ed0 t"e arro displa!s ta+s for Custom 0)e*

and S6stem colors.

3lic1 t"e Custom tab to displa! t"e palette and select lig"t +lue.

4i*. 2.%% 5 *hanging the Form 5s BackColor property.

&urrent color

own#arrow button

"ig.t blue

&ustom palette

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Cnce !ou select t"e color0 t"e Form 9s +ac1ground c"angesto lig"t +lue (%ig. &.57).

4i*. 2.%( 5 Form with new BackColor property applied.

New background color

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Dou+le clic1 t"e Label control in t"e .ool*ox to add aLabel (%ig. &.58).

*ou also can ?drag@ controls from t"e .ool*ox to t"e

Form .

4i*. 2.%+ 5 Adding a Label to the Form .

Label control

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Select t"e Label to ma1e its properties appear in t"eProperties indo (%ig. &.5:).

Set t"e Label 9sText propert! to )elcome to Visual

C#7 . T"e AutoSize propert% is set to True0 "ic" allo s t"e

Label to resi=e to fit its te$t. Set t"e AutoSize propert! to False .

0

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

4i*. 2.% 5 *hanging the Label 5s AutoSize property to False .

AutoSizeproperty

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Move t"e Label +! dragging it or +! using t"e left andrig"t arro 1e!s (%ig. &.5;).

6"en t"e Label is selected0 !ou can also centert"e Label using t"e ,ormat menu.

4i*. 2.%6 5 ?

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

To c"ange t"e font of t"e Label 5s te$t0 select t"e Font propert% (%ig. &.5 ).

6"en t"e ellipsis +utton is clic1ed0 a dialog appears t"at

provides additional values.

4i*. 2.%8 5 Properties window displaying the Label 5s properties.

Ellipsis button

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra Cont.3

T"e ,ont dialog (%ig. &.5A) allo s !ou to select t"e fontname0 st!le and si=e.

-nder ,ont 0 select Segoe 3 . -nder Si9e 0 select 2 points and clic1 '- .

,esi=e t"e Label if it9s not large enoug" to "old t"e te$t.

4i*. 2.%7 5 ,ont dialog #or selecting #onts, styles and si=es.

-ont sample

&urrent $ont

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

Select t"e Label 9sTextAlign propert! (%ig. &.7'). Set t"e Text Align propert! to MiddleCenter .

4i*. 2.(0 5 *entering the Label 5s te t.

Text alignmentoptions

,iddle&enteralignment option

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2. ,sin* Visual /ro*ra in* toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

ocate t"e PictureBox in t"e .ool*ox and add it tot"e Form (%ig. &.7 ).

4i*. 2.(1 5 Inserting and aligning a PictureBox .

!pdatedLabel

PictureBox

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2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

3lic1 t"e PictureBox to displa! its properties in t"eProperties indo (%ig. &.7&).

T"e Image propert% displa!s a previe of t"e image0 if

one e$ists.

4i*. 2.(2 5 mage property o# the PictureBox .

mage property *alue(no image selected)

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2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

3lic1 t"e ellipsis +utton to displa! t"e Select Resource dialog (%ig. &.75).

3lic1 t"e 3mport +utton to +ro se for t"e image to

insert ( bug.png )

4i*. 2.(% 5 Select Resource dialog to select an i'age #or the PictureBox .

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2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

In t"e dialog t"at appears0 locate t"e image file0 select itand clic1 '- (%ig. &.77).

3lic1 '- to place t"e image in !our program.

4i*. 2.(( 5 Select Resource dialog displaying a preview o# selected i'age.

4mage 0le name

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2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

To si=e t"e image to t"e PictureBox 0 c"ange t"eSizeMode propert% to StretchImage (%ig. &.78).

4i*. 2.(+ 5 %caling an i'age to the si=e o# the PictureBox .

SizeModeproperty

SizeModeproperty set toStretc! mage

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2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights res erved .

2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

,esi=e t"e PictureBox 0 ma1ing it larger (%ig. &.7:). Select ,ile > Sa4e All to save t"e entire solution.

4i*. 2.( 5 PictureBox displaying an i'age.

Newlyinsertedimage

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2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights res erved .

2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra t$at Displa sText an an I a*e Cont.3

In run mode 0 t"e program is e$ecuting0 and some featuresare disa+led (%ig. &.7;).

4i*. 2.(6 5 @uilding a solution.

3uild menu

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2. ,sin Visual /ro ra in toCreate a Si ple /ro*ra Cont.3

Select e*ug > Start e*ugging to e$ecute t"e program (%ig. &.7 ).

Running program

Form

4 E displays text Running/ w.ic.signi0es t.at t.e program is executing

&lose box