More First Aid

C127 6-9

Shock – dangerous reduction in blood flow to body tissue.

Can occur in injury that reduces blood flow, heavy bleeding, heart attack, dehydration, allergic reaction and trauma.

Signs of shock: - Bluish lips and fingernails - Cool, clammy skin, pale - Confusion - Dizzy, faint, weak - Shallow breathing, chest pains,

unconscious

First Aid for Shock 1. Call 911 2. Check A, B, C’s 3. Lie down & elevate feet 12 in. (unless painful or broken bones) 4. First aid for injuries, bleeding, etc. 5. Keep warm; don’t give drinks,

loosen tight clothes 6. If vomiting, turn their head to the

side 7. Stay with them until EMS arrives

Signs of Stroke:

S = Can’t Smile

T = Trouble Talking

R = Can’t Raise Arms

Stroke

Heart attack: when blood supply to the heart muscle is blocked or interrupted; damages heart muscle

Cardiac arrest: heart suddenly stops; no pulse or heartbeat

Signs of Heart Attack

Stents

Angioplasty

Heart Bypass surgery

Pacemaker

Wounds – take care to prevent infection Infection -(more germs than white blood cells can fight off)

Signs of infection: - Red, swollen, pus, tender

Wash wounds with soap and water, put on medicine

1. Abrasion – scrape2. Laceration – cut3. Puncture – small hole4. Avulsion – partially or completely torn5. Impaled objects – object in body

Puncture

Severe Bleeding 1. Apply direct pressure 2. Elevate 3. Wrap gauze around wound 4. If bleeding continues, apply

pressure to pressure points. 5. Last resort – life or death -

tourniquet

Nosebleed

1. Get tissue, cloth to catch blood 2. Sit up straight or stand 3. Tilt head slightly forward, pinch

nostrils closed, and apply pressure until

bleeding stops. 4. Apply ice to area around nose. 5. See Dr. if it doesn’t stop. 6. Don’t blow nose for at least 12 hours.

Knocked out Tooth Permanent teeth can often be saved if you act quickly

1. Hold tooth by crown and rinse under water, don’t touch

root 2. Put tooth back into place if

possible 3. If not, put in glass of milk or water and go to dentist

Fractures – break in bone

Closed – skin not brokenOpen – bone cut through skinCompound – broken in more than 1 place

Might suspect: - hear a snapping sound - can’t move or moves in a strange way - very painful - looks strange/bends in a way it shouldn’t bend

Fractures Best not to move a person with a

fracture. If you have to move, make a splint

to immobilize the part so it doesn’t move.

(can use rolled up magazine, newspaper, boards, sticks, etc)

Apply ice Never move a person with a head,

neck, or back injury unless they are in immediate danger

Dislocation – bone pops out of joint; have Dr. reinsert, don’t do it

yourself

Sprain – injury to ligaments, tendon, and soft tissue around a joint; caused by excessive twisting or stretching.

Strain – when muscles are overstretched

Sprain – apply “RICE”

R = Rest

I = Ice

C = Compression

E = Elevate

Quiz

1. Dangerous reduction in blood flow to body tissue.2. What happens when there are more pathogens

than white blood cells can fight?3. First thing to do to control bleeding.4. The part of the tooth you hold if it’s knocked out.5. A break or crack in a bone?6. What you may apply to immobilize a fracture.7. An injury where a bone pops out of its joint.8. An injury where ligaments, tendon around a joint

are excessively twisted.9. Injury where muscle has been overstretched.10. Word that describes first aid you apply for a

sprain. 11. Condition where heart suddenly stops beating. 12. When blood supply to heart is blocked.13. When a blood vessel is blocked or ruptures in the brain.