C1 5.5 bioethanol

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Aims: To be able to explain how plant materials can be used to make fuels and whether this is a good idea. Starter Activity List five fuels and state whether they are renewable or non-renewable. Keywords renewable particulates 06/06/22 Biofuels

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Transcript of C1 5.5 bioethanol

Page 1: C1 5.5 bioethanol

Aims:To be able to explain how plant materials can be used to make fuels and whether this is a good idea.

Starter Activity

List five fuels and state whether they are renewable or non-renewable.

Keywords renewable particulates

08/04/23Biofuels

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What are biofuels?What are biofuels?

• Biofuels are fuels made from plant materials rather than fossil resources.

• They are intended as direct replacements for our existing fuels.

• They are carbon neutral as they only produce CO2 that was fixed by plant photosynthesis.

• There is debate as to whether supply could meet demand.

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The need for biofuelsThe need for biofuels

• Our reserves of fossil fuels are finite, so they will one day run out.

• Oil has important uses apart from its use as fuels, so we need to conserve what is left.

• Use of fossil fuels has been shown to cause climate change, so we need to find carbon neutral alternatives.

• Carbon neutral = no overall release of CO2 into the atmosphere

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BioethanolBioethanol

• Bioethanol is made from sugars and starch Bioethanol is made from sugars and starch which can be obtained from sugar cane or which can be obtained from sugar cane or cereals such as maize and wheat.cereals such as maize and wheat.

• It can be used as a petrol replacement with It can be used as a petrol replacement with only minor engine modificationonly minor engine modification

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BioethanolBioethanol

• Plant sugars can be Plant sugars can be converted into converted into ethanol by ethanol by fermentationfermentation bioethanol production

Strathclydetortillas

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Biofuels close to homeBiofuels close to home

Ethanol is on sale at Ethanol is on sale at the new Morrison’s the new Morrison’s at Crowborough, at Crowborough, both in the shop and both in the shop and in the filling station in the filling station what makes it such a what makes it such a saleable commodity?saleable commodity?

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The rise of Bio-ethanolThe rise of Bio-ethanol

• Why are most of Brazil’s Why are most of Brazil’s cars powered by ethanol cars powered by ethanol based bio-ethanol fuel based bio-ethanol fuel (gasohol)?(gasohol)?

• What natural advantages What natural advantages and disadvantages and disadvantages pushed Brazil in this pushed Brazil in this direction?direction?

• Why are the UK, Japan Why are the UK, Japan and the USA keen to and the USA keen to follow this idea?follow this idea?

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BiodieselBiodiesel

• Biodiesel is made from Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils. vegetable oils.

• Palm oil is suitable, but Palm oil is suitable, but requires vast palm requires vast palm plantations to produce plantations to produce enough oil.enough oil.

• Biodiesel can also be made Biodiesel can also be made from waste cooking oil.from waste cooking oil.

• Diesel engines require no Diesel engines require no modification to use it.modification to use it.

• Is being used to fuel buses!Is being used to fuel buses!

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BiodieselBiodiesel

• Plant oils can be Plant oils can be converted into a converted into a useful fuel that has useful fuel that has similar properties similar properties to dieselto diesel

http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/london/series9/week_two.shtmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/3959977.stmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1658898,00.html

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Non-Bio-ethanolNon-Bio-ethanol

• Ethanol can be produced by hydration Ethanol can be produced by hydration of ethene with steam in the presence of ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst. of a catalyst.

• CC22HH44 + H+ H22O O CC22HH55OHOH

• What is the advantage of using this What is the advantage of using this method over fermentation of sugars?method over fermentation of sugars?

• Why Why isn’tisn’t the ethanol produced the ethanol produced allowed to be called a biofuel? allowed to be called a biofuel?

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SummarySummary

• We need to develop sustainable We need to develop sustainable carbon neutral fuels.carbon neutral fuels.

• Biofuels are one possible solution, Biofuels are one possible solution, but there are many problems with but there are many problems with their use.their use.

• Bioethanol is made from crops which Bioethanol is made from crops which are used as foods.are used as foods.

• Biodiesel requires vast palm tree Biodiesel requires vast palm tree plantations which would mean cutting plantations which would mean cutting down rain forests.down rain forests.

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TaskTask

To produce an information poster To produce an information poster about either biodiesel or bioethanol.about either biodiesel or bioethanol.

Include:Include:• How it is made How it is made (with chemical reaction and (with chemical reaction and

chemical structure)chemical structure)• The economic, ethical and environmental The economic, ethical and environmental

issues surrounding its production and use.issues surrounding its production and use.

Textbook pages 180-181 and 192-193Textbook pages 180-181 and 192-193

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ClipbankClipbank

• Alternative FuelsAlternative Fuels• New Biofuels LawNew Biofuels Law• Top Gear Biodiesel testsTop Gear Biodiesel tests