C-V2X Today and 5G Tomorrow:

The Evolving Language Between Cars and Vulnerable Road Users

August 14, 2019

Jim Misener

Senior Director, Product Management

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

2

Telematics

In-car connectivity

Source: Company data

Qualcomm Automotive Infotainment Platform is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.

#1In telematics and Bluetooth

for automotive

A leaderIn premium next-gen infotainment design-wins for production vehicles starting 2019-2020

18Automakers have selected the

Qualcomm® Snapdragon™

Automotive Infotainment Platform

$5.5B+Design-win pipeline for telematics,

infotainment, and in-car connectivity

World’s leading automakers build with our solutions

Infotainment

3

Working across industries to forge sustainable relationships, unlocking new value

Helping bring a comprehensive ecosystem together

StandardsStandards development organizations

Telecom and auto industry organizations

ITS organizations

Vehicle OEMs

Tier 1 suppliers Traffic industry suppliers

Mobile operators

Telecom suppliers

Road operators Cloud service providers

Map providers

Automotive Transportation Telecom Internet/cloud

Test equipment vendorsSoftware companies

4

Transformations

underway

Transportation networks are evolving as 5G & edge AI are upon us

The in-vehicle

experience is

evolving from

Infotainment to

Digital Cockpit

5

Shaping a new era of smart transportation

6

Burger spot.5 miles

Connected urban transport

PC5-based C-V2X

E.g. for collision avoidance and coordinated driving

Precise positioning

E.g. for lane management and lane-level navigation

Edge/on-device AI

E.g. for detecting hazards and speed harmonization

I2V

V2P

RSU with AI-based camera

Pedestrian alert

Traffic light detects a pedestrian crossing the street and alert oncoming cars via I2V;Also, possible via direct V2P communication

Traffic hazard warning

AI –based camera detects a hazard on the right lane and alert other cars on the road; via precise positioning other cars avoid the lane with the hazard

Road Safety

V2V/V2I: Intersection management assist

RSU with AI-based camera

Send updated 3D HD map with the hazard via 5G NR C-v2X

7

Car Connectivity in the 5G era

Heterogeneous Connectivity

Advanced Positioning

Secure, virtualized wireless links

Multi-environment implementation

Precise positioning

Lane-level accuracy anywhere, anytime

Bluetooth

For high quality voice and audio

Wi-Fi

For in-car experiences and car OEM services

4G/5G

For driver and passengers

C-V2X

For car to infrastructure communication

C-V2X

For car to car communication

4G/5G

For car OEM services

5GNR

5GNR

8

Qualcomm®

Connected Car Reference Design, Gen 2

Qualcomm Connected Car Reference Design and Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive 4G/5G Platforms are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries

1. Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, 2. Vision Enhanced Precise Positioning (VEPP)

Snapdragon Automotive

4G/5G platforms

Security / ECDSA1 VEPP2

Telematics Apps

V2X stack & apps

Application Processor

With telematics SDK

Stack apps

Multicore

CPU

Qualcomm® Vision Enhanced Precise Positioning (VEPP)

Multicore

DSP

Security verifies

Accelerator

ECDSA

Memory

PMICSDRs HSM

Wi-Fi 6BT5.1

RF ICs +antenna modules

Rel-15 5G NR Rel-14 LTE Advanced Pro

Rel-14/Rel-15 C-V2X

5G / 4G spectrum sharing

Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA)

Multi-frequency GNSS with QDR3

RF management with envelope tracking

Standalone

Non-standalone

FDD

TDD

FD-MIMO

Up to 5 aggregated LTE carriers

On-board processing with telematics SDK and apps

IP acceleration (IPA)

RF ICs +antenna modules

RFfront-end

99

Pioneering advanced 5G NR technologies To meet smart transportation requirements

Based on ITU vision for IMT-2020 compared to IMT-advanced; URLLC: Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications; IAB: Integrated Access & Backhaul

10xConnection density

3xSpectrumefficiency

10xDecrease inend-to-end latency

10xExperienced throughput

100xTrafficcapacity

100xNetwork efficiency

Enhanced mobile broadbandMission-critical services Massive Internet of ThingsCellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X)

Ultra Reliable Low Latency Comms (URLLC)

Drone communications Private Networks Deeper coverage Grant-free UL

Efficient signalingNarrow bandwidth

Enhanced power save modes

Massive MIMOScalable OFDM Mobile mmWave

Flexible slot-based frameworkSpectrum sharing

Advanced channel codingDual Connectivity

10

C-V2X

1111

V2PVehicle-to-pedestriane.g., safety alerts to pedestrians,

bicyclists

V2VVehicle-to-vehiclee.g., collision avoidance safety systems

V2NVehicle-to-networke.g., real-time traffic/routing, cloud services

V2IVehicle-to-infrastructuree.g., traffic signal timing/priority

C-V2XEstablished the foundation

of C-V2X for safety in Rel-14/15

with continued evolution in Rel-16

5G NR for advanced use cases

Release 14/15 C-V2X standards

completed

Broad industry support

with 5GAA

Global trials started in 2017

Qualcomm® 9150 C-V2X chipset

announced in September, 2017

Integration of C-V2X into the

Qualcomm® SnapdragonTM Automotive

4G and 5G Platforms announced in

February, 2019

Qualcomm 9150 C-V2X and Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive 4G/5G Platforms are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries

12

C-V2X enables network independent communication

1. RSU stands for roadside unit

Network Uu interfacee.g. accident 2 kilometer ahead

Network communicationsfor complementary servicesVehicle to Network (V2N) operates in a mobile

operator's licensed spectrum

V2N (Uu)

V2N (Uu)

eNodeB

Direct PC5 interfacee.g. location, speed, local hazards

Direct safety communication independent of cellular networkLow latency Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to

Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle to Person (V2P)

operating in ITS bands (e.g. 5.9 GHz)

V2V(PC5)

V2P(PC5)

V2P(PC5)

V2I(PC5)

V2I(PC5)

RSU1

1313

LTE/5G V2V

Cellular-V2X (C-V2X)

C-V2X is a unified

technology platform

which integrates:

• Short-range,

network-less, direct

communications

(LTE-V2X PC5 today)

• Long-range

cellular network

communications

(LTE-V2X Uu today)

LTE/5G

V2I

LTE/5G V2V

Local sensors Local sensorsLocal sensors

LTE/5G

LTE/5G V2V via

MEC / eMBMS

LTE/5G

Traffic

lights,

road side

infrastructure

NB-IoT

LTE/5G V2X

LTE/5G V2V

Edge cloud

Backend

V2P

Parking house

Local sensors Local sensorsLocal sensors

LTE/5G

LTE/5G V2V via

MEC / eMBMS

LTE/5G

Traffic

lights,

road side

infrastructure

NB-IoT

LTE/5G V2X

LTE/5G V2V

Edge cloud

Backend

V2P

Parking house

Local sensors Local sensorsLocal sensors

LTE/5G

LTE/5G V2V via

MEC / eMBMS

LTE/5G

Traffic

lights,

road side

infrastructure

NB-IoT

LTE/5G V2X

LTE/5G V2V

Edge cloud

Backend

V2P

Parking house

Local sensors Local sensorsLocal sensors

LTE/5G

LTE/5G V2V via

MEC / eMBMS

LTE/5G

Traffic

lights,

road side

infrastructure

NB-IoT

LTE/5G V2X

LTE/5G V2V

Edge cloud

Backend

V2P

Parking house

Edge Cloud

NB-IoT

LTE/5G

V2N LTE/5G

V2N

LTE/5G

P2N

LTE/5G

V2P

Trafficlights,roadsideinfrastructure

Parking

Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors

Vulnerableroadusers

Source: 5G Automotive Association

14

Synergistic with

cellular modem

Self managed for reduced

cost and complexity

Reuse of SAE / ETSI

upper layers

Leverage of cellular

ecosystem

C-V2X offers key advantagesin multiple dimensions

Enhanced range and reliability for direct communication without network assistance

Enhanced range

and reliability

Up to 500km/h

relative speed support

More cost

efficient than other

technologies

Forward compatible

evolution path to 5G 5G

NR

15

Oct 2018

C-V2X functional and performance test report published

Mar 2017

Rel-14 C-V2X spec finalized

Apr 2018

First multi-OEMdemo in D.C.

Sep 2016

Founded

Sep 2017

First C-V2X chipset solution introduced

Jun 2018

1st US deploymentin Denver

Nov 2018Oct 2018

Multi-OEM performance evaluation of C-V2X

MDM9150

Jan 2019

Cooperative driving live interactive demos in Las Vegas:

Strong C-V2X momentum globally

Reaches

100

members

Jan 2017

ConVeX trial in Germany announced

Feb 2017

Towards 5G trial in France announced

Oct 2017

San Diego Regional C-V2X trial with:

Jul 2018

Europe’s first

multi-OEM

demonstration

In Paris

Jan 2019

AnnouncingC-V2X implementationin Las Vegas with:

Nov 2018

China-SAE ITS Stack Compatibility

Feb 2019

C-V2X integrated with Qualcomm®

SnapdragonTM

Automotive 4G/5G platforms

Feb 2019

TELEFÓNICA/ SEAT’s live demonstration using C-V2X/5G at MWC Barcelona

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm MDM9150 are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and / or its subsidiaries.

16

Airgain • Alpine Electronics • Analog Devices • Anritsu EMEA Ltd

AT&T • Audi BAIC • Beijing University • Bell Mobility • BMW • Bosch

CATT • Cetecom • China Transinfo • China Unicom • CMCC

Continental Daimler • Danlaw • DEKRA Denso • Deutsche Telekom

Ericsson • FEV • Ficosa • Ford • Fraunhofer Gemalto Hirschman Car

Hitachi Automotive US • Honda • Huawei Infineon • Intel Interdigital

Jaguar Land Rover • Juniper • KDDI • Keysight • KT • Laird Tech • LG

Murata • Nissan • Nokia • NTT DoCoMo • OKI • Orange • P3 Group

Panasonic • Proximus • PSA • Qualcomm • Rohde & Schwarz Rohm

SAIC • Samsung • Savari • SIAC • SK Telecom • Skyworks Softbank

Sumitomo • Telefonica • Telekom Austria • Telstra • TÜV • Valeo

Veniam • Verizon • Viavi • Vodafone • Volkswagen • ZF • ZTE

Ford

PSA

BMW

Daimler

SAIC

China Domestic OEMs

Continental

Bosch

LG

ZTE

Quectel

Lear

Valeo

WNC

CMCC

AT&T

DoCoMo

CMRI

McCain

Kapsch

SWARCO

Genvict

Nebula

R&S

Datang

Ficosa

And more …

Key participantsdriving global C-V2X activities with Qualcomm Technologies

5GAA Automotive Association

Driving C-V2X global presence

Tremendous traction across regions and broad industry sectors

NorthAmerica

Europe China

Korea

Japan

Australia

Ford

Audi • BMW • PSA Nissan

SAIC • S-GM • BAIC • Others

Lexus

From standards completion to independent field testing to early commercialization

1717

Robust Global C-V2X Ecosystem is Ready

C-V2X is ready for deployment now!

9150 Modules

• WNC

• Quectel

• ZTE

• LG

• LG Innotek

• SIMCom

Commercial ready module in 2018

RSU vendors

• US : Commsignia, Savari, Kapsch, Danlaw

• EU : Swarco, Lacroix, Aximum, Marben

• China : Nebulalink, Genevict, Neusoft

• RoW: Cohda, Cybercom, Oki

12+ RSU products in the pipeline. Commercial ready in Q1 2019

System Integrators

• Sasken◦ Integration & support

• Thurdersoft◦ Integration & support

Global foot print to support system Integration

Tier1s/OBU vendors• Ficosa• Cohda• Valeo• Savari• Marben• Continental• LG Electronics• Nebulalink• Commsignia• Genevict• Danlaw

10+ OBU suppliers the pipeline. Commercial ready in Q1 2019

18

Evolving C-V2X Direct Communications towards 5G NRWhile maintaining backward capabilities

Basic safetyIEEE 802.11p

Basic and enhanced safety C-V2X Rel-14/Rel-15 with enhanced range and reliability

Autonomous driving use cases5G NR C-V2X Rel-16

Higher throughput

Higher reliability

Wideband carrier support

Lower latency

Backward compatible with Rel-14/Rel-15 enabled vehicles

Evolution to 5G NR, while being backward compatible

C-V2X Rel-14 is necessary and operates with Rel-16

5G NR-V2X Sidelink

@qualcommJune 5th , 2019

Sudhir Baghel

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

20

Emergence of new automotive and transportation use casesRequiring a more flexible and efficient direct communication design

New autonomous driving use casesPerception and intention sharing for coordinated driving

New smart transportation use casesVehicles and infrastructure need to exchange new kinds of information,

such as, real time 3D HD map updates.

More sensor data needs to be sharedVehicles have new and more sensors, generating more information

that needs to be shared

Automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation

21

5G NR C-V2X Work Item

Expanded ecosystem

Industrial IoT with eURLLC, 5G NRC-V2X…

Integrated access and backhaul,

unlicensed/shared spectrum,…

continued eMBB evolution

Private network, industrialIoT Indoor mmW for enterprises,

Boundless XR…

Rel -17+

5G standardization and projected ecosystem expansion

20182017 20202019 20222021

Rel -17+ evolutionRel-16Rel-15

Rel -16Commercialization

Rel -15CommercializationNR

Field trialsIoDTs

Standalone (SA)

eMBB deployments in both

mmWave and sub-6 GHz

New 5G NR technologies to evolve

and expand the 5G ecosystem

Non-Standalone (NSA)

We are here

Smartphone formfactor,

connected laptops, CPE fixed access

2023+

5G NR C-V2X Study Item

22

R14 / R16 C-V2X

Evolving C-V2X direct communications towards 5G NR

Rel-16 5G NR C-V2X vehicleswill also support Rel-14/ Rel-15for safety

5G NR C-V2X brings about

complementary capabilities while

being backwards compatible

R14 / R16 C-V2X

R14 C-V2X only car

R14/R15 C-V2X for

automotive safety

23

5G NR C-V2X is backward compatible at upper layers

By enabling coexistence of

Rel16 with previous releases

Rel-16 C-V2X carsRel-16 C-V2X vehicles will be designed to

support Rel-14/Rel-15 for safety

Rel-14/15 RadioRel-14/15 safety

broadcast messages

Rel-16 RadioRel-16 multicast messages

Safety use cases

Advanceduse casesMapped toRel-16transport profile

Mapped to Rel-14 / Rel-15

transport profiles Upper layersMapping use cases to

transport profile

2424

Real-time infrastructure updatesReal-time sharing of 3D HD map

and other information between

vehicles and infrastructure

Coordinated driving/intention sharingExchanging intention and sensor

data for more predictable,

coordinated autonomous driving

SensorsharingSharing of sensor data, e.g.,

vehicle’s perception, including

road world model

Increased situational awarenessSharing of vehicle-specific info with

other vehicles and road infra-

structure (e.g. door open warning)

5G NR C-V2X enables advanced use cases

Lower

latency

Higher

throughput Higher

reliability

Application

aware

25

5G NR C-V2X

Higher throughputHigh spectral efficiency to achieve higher throughput

Lower latency Connectionless “on-the-fly” groupsand distance-based design

Higher reliability Multicast support using efficient feedback

High-speed performance Up to 3.5 higher spectral efficiency at 500kmph relative speeds

Application awarePerformance tailored to application requirements, such as minimum distance

Backward compatibility Vehicles with Rel-16 will also support Rel-14 for safety

Resulting in a 5G NR C-V2X design that addresses tomorrow’s vehicle use case requirements

2626

Lane closed construction zone

Autonomous driving

RSU sends a 3D HD map update to oncoming vehicles with the lane reconfiguration due to construction

Benefits from real-time update from infrastructure

RSU

I2VAutonomous vehicle

2727

Coordinated driving

HighwayCoordinated highway entrance and lane changes

Intention sharing allows more efficient

maneuvers for coordinated driving

UrbanVehicles can navigate intersections without stopping

Target group

Originating vehicle

Target area

Sends lane prepared or abortmessage, then change lane in group

Target group respondswith confirmation or denial

1212

Originating vehicle sends a lane change request to target group

3

1 2 3

3

28

Non-C-V2X vehicle

C-V2X vehiclesInform other vehicles with the

presence of non-C-V2X vehicles

2

C-V2X vehicleDetects non-C-V2X vehicle via its on-

board sensors (e.g. camera)1

1

Non-C-V2X vehicle

SensorsharingSensor object sharing enables

benefit of V2X with

limited penetration rate

2929

Connectionless ‘on-the-fly’ distance-based groupsVehicles within a certain distance and interested in same services form a group

Vehicles approaching intersection

Group formed among vehicles forcoordinated intersection management

Group disbanded after intersection is navigated

30

Bro

ad

ca

st

Mu

ltic

ast

Re

liab

ility

Distance

Rel -14 C-V2XBroadcast without feedback, which

can’t ensure reliability

Rel-16 5GNR C-V2XMulticast with feedback for higher reliability; if signal can’t be decoded,

NACKs are sent on the same radio resources (SFN-like approach)

NACK

NACK

Multicast support for higher reliabilityHARQ feedback to achieve higher reliability | Introducing efficiency by sending only NACKs using SFN

31

NACK NACK

Received

Irrelevant message (outside app-specific distance)

• Application-specific distance is determined based on relevancy

• Transmitting vehicles adapt transmission to relevant vehicles within range

• Receiving vehicles only acknowledge relevant messages

Application-aware, distance-

based multicast communication

Application A Application B

3232

Specifying minimum requirementsDefining application layer-specific

minimum requirements for

new messages

Supporting emerginguse casesIntroducing new messages for emerging use

cases, (e.g. sensor object sharing between

vehicles needs to be standardized)

Providing interoperabilityAllowing vehicles from different

manufacturers to benefit from new

evolving use cases

Participating in higher layer protocol stacks’ regional standards including SAE, ETSI ITS and C-SAE/C-ITS

33

R16 5G NR C-V2X builds on R14 C-V2X, which is

gaining momentum and getting ready for launch

for automotive safety

5G NR brings complementary advanced use cases

via a new direct communication link design with

higher throughput, better reliability, lower latency

and application aware performance

5G NR allows vehicles to share more information

such as richer sensor data and intended actions with

each other and their surroundings, realizing benefits

even with initial limited deployments

5G NR provides increased situational awareness

for safer driving; and coordinated driving for shorter

travel time and energy efficiency

5G NR Takes C-V2Xto the next level

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