C. SECOND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

1. tools & equipment, soil preparation, fertilization, crop care, techniques in harvesting improved, food storage

2. Productivity increased to meet demand

Machines/tractors doing the work instead of humans and animals. The switch from animate to inanimate power.

The second agricultural revolution went hand in hand with?

Agriculture underwent significant change during the 17th -19th centuries

• 1. Laboratories and plant nurseries– biotechnology and genetic

engineering– higher yielding strains of

grain• 2. First experimented with in

the Philippines– Scientists crossed a dwarf

Chinese variety of rice with an Indonesian variety and got IT8

– Bigger “head” of rice– Stronger stem – would not

break– Better yields

• 3. Other crops– Wheat, corn, tomatoes,

bananas have benefited– Methods for fattening

livestock faster• 4. Consequently…famines have

been abated• 5. But genetic products require

more fertilization and pesticides– Reduces the organic matter

in the soil and leads to groundwater pollution

– Some farmers do not have access or money for genetic seeds and so they are at a competitive disadvantage

D. THIRD AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: Also known as the

“Green Revolution”

AGRIBUSINESS – Companies involved in the production of seeds, growing and harvesting of crops and the sale of marketing of a finished products.

Farmers sign contracts with major corporations who furnish the seeds and fertilizer. The farmers then sells his entire crop to the company.

The best known crop (although not the only one) produced by agribusiness is?

Most foods today are produced through some form of agribusiness.

Some of the biggest companies you have never heard of.

Von Thunen’s agricultural land use model.

He suggests that certain crops are grown in direct relation to their weight and distance to market.

Why would dairy and market gardening be located near the city center?

Both spoil easily and must be near their markets.

• Culture dictates food sensibilities.

Islam and Judaism avoid pork

Hindus do not consume beef

Most Westerners shy away from some of the “delicacies” of the LDC’s.

Yummy American dishes.