C++ Programming

Table of Contents

• History• What is C++?• Development of C++• Standardized C++• What are the features

of C++?

• What is Object Orientation?

• Encapsulation• Java and C++• Advantages and

Disadvantages• The future of C++

History

• The name C++ was created by Rick Mascitti and was first used in December of 1983.

• Stroustrup worked on “C” in 1979.• Wanted to develop a language to enhance

software development.• He chose “C” because it is general-purpose,

fast and portable.• He later enhanced “C” and it became C++.

What is C++

• C++ programming is a programming language designed to making programming more enjoyable for the serious programmer.

• In the 1990s it became one of the most popular programming languages in the world.

Development

• C++, designed by Bell Lab’s Bjarne Stroustup, was developed as an enhancement to the C programming language.

• Enhancements Included the addition of classes followed by many features such as:– Virtual functions– Operator overloading– Multiple Inheritance– Templates– Exception handling

Standardized C++

• In 1998 C++ Programming became standardized

• It consists of Two parts:– Core Language - pure programming language,

generally organized into statement blocks; the core language is often developed into libraries, which are then used during programming.

– Standard Library - a collection of classes and functions; which are written in the core language. The Standard Library includes functions for data conversion, input, output, string manipulation, and other procedures.

Features of C++

• Features of C++ include an improved version of C:– Function casts– New / Delete– Default arguments– Function overloading– Name spaces– Templates

Object Oriented Features of C++

• C++ introduces object oriented features to C. • Object orientation is a computer programming

paradigm that emphasizes on:• Objects - packaging data and functionality together

into units within a running computer program.• Abstraction - combining multiple smaller operations

into a single unit that can be referred to by name • Polymorphism - using the same name to invoke

different operations on objects of different data types.

• Inheritence - defining objects data types as extensions and/or restrictions of other object data types.

Encapsulation And What It Does

• C++ allows all members of a class to be declared public, private or protected.

• Encapsulation describes- leaving out some details of implementation on purpose from the public

• Public member - Member of the class that will be accessible to every other class.

• Private - will only be accessible within that class.• Protected - will only be accessible to the class in

which it is in and the classes that inherit said class

Java and C++

• Java is considered a much simpler and easy to use object-oriented programming language when compared to the popular programming language, C++.

• Java replaced the complexity of multiple inheritance in C++ with a simple structure called interface, and also has eliminated the use of pointers.

• Java uses automatic memory allocation and garbage collection.

• C++ requires the programmer to allocate memory and to collect garbage

Advantages of C++

• C++ Has compiler support and debuggers.

• C++ Has a large selection of literature

• One class can have more than one base class, which is referred to as Polymorphism.

Disadvantages of C++

• Not available on OS9• C++ is difficult to learn and can often

become confusing.• Extensive use on some features such as,

Operator overloading, Function overloading, and virtual functions can make C++ unreadable.

• Executables are large (500kb) compared to OIC (150kb).

Future Development

• C++ continues to evolve to meet future requirements.

• C++ will capitalize on its multi-paradigm nature more.

• Name decoration and making object code produced by different compilers incompatible are still lacking in C++ standard.

Future Development

• Ports to platforms such as Solaris and Linux.

• More use of “Inline Functions”.