C-Notes3rd Quarter

China 500 - 1500

Sui, Tang, Song, Mongol, and Ming Dynasties

Sui 581-618 CE

Tang 618-907 CE

Song 960-1279 CE

● Under Emperor Yangdi -The common people were used to Build the Grand Canal

● This helped increase China’s trade by uniting the north and south economies.

● The project was paid for with new taxes.

● Brought back the civil service exams which gave jobs to the most qualified

● Gave land to farmers which brought order to the countryside

● Expanded Chinese rule further west to Tibet

● This all helped China form a strong central government

● Cultural achievements of Neo-Confucianism blending Buddhist and Daoist beliefs

● Growing economy helped China become more prosperous

Chinese Advancements

EconReopening the

Silk Road, increased trade within & outside

of China

TechFarming advances,

coal mining industry,

development of printing,

gunpowder, better ships, magnetic compasses, & paper money

ArtsPoetry, landscape painting, porcelain Advances in technology helped trade and led to

the developments in arts which produced more

items to trade, increasing the overall economy of

China

● Genghis Khan Unites Mongol Clans

● Mongols take control of northern China

● Mongols invade kingdoms controlling parts of the Silk Road

● Mongols adopt gunpowder and fire lance from the Chinese

● Kublai Khan conquered southern China

● Mongols kept power by increasing trade

● Allowed Chinese officials to hold some positions

● Respected Confucian writings and ideals

● Encouraged the practice of a variety of faiths

Events That Led To Mongol Control of China

Voyages of Zheng He

Causes

1. Ming emperors wanted to know about the world

2. Ming emperors wanted to expand Chinese influencea. Rulers worried about the

introduction of unwanted ideas and stopped the voyages

Effects

1. Zheng traded for goods and animals unknown in China

2. Zheng brought back foreign visitors Chinese culture was spreada. The backlash of the voyages

with “trade with other countries sharply declined” or “Chinese shipbuilding technology became outdated”

BBC: Art of China

Notebook Summary: Take notes as you watch the video. Use your notes to write a summary answering; Which piece did you find most interesting? In one full paragraph describe the piece in your own words and explain why it interests you.

Medieval Japan

400 AD-1868 AD

Geography & Climate of Japan● Japan is an archipelago of mountainous islands off the coast of Asia● Japan lies along the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean

○ This area is known for intense earthquakes & volcanic activity○ These underwater earthquakes can cause tsunamis

■ Tsunamis are series of huge destructive ocean waves● More than 70% of the islands are covered by mountains

○ About 12% of the available land is used for farming○ This leaves roughly less than 18% available for human population

● Typhoons occur the most often from July to October, especially in August and September

○ Typhoons are destructive storms

Label the following:Japan Pacific OceanRing of Fire

Forest

SwampOcean

Japan’s Early Beliefs & Cultures ● Shinto (SHIHN-toh) ~ way of the gods

○ Orignal to Japan and inspired by the landscape ○ Followers believe spiritual powers reside in nature, these spirits are called kami○ Rituals include visiting shrines, purifying oneself by washing, clapping to get the kami’s

attention, and pray for assistance■ Shinto priest perform the more elaborate religious ceremonies with bells, music, and

dancing ● Jamon (JOH-mahn) 8000 B.C.

○ First Japanese hunter/gatherer/fisher culture lived in caves● Yayoi (YAH-yoy)300 B.C.

○ Advanced culture from mainland Asia with the knowledge of rice growing, metalwork and weaving technology allowed for population growth

● Yamato (YAH-mah-toh) 400 A.D.○ Unite Japan’s clans and take control via powerful aristocracy

Influences from China ● Japan adopted ideas from Korea and China but adopted them to fit Japanese

culture● Prince Shotoku (shoh-toh-ku) 593 A.D.

○ Takes over as regent, introduced Chinese ideas and practices to help unite Japan■ In the early 600s he sent many embassies to China for knowledge that influenced

agriculture, art, government, religion and technology in Japan ■ 604 he centralized the government and issued Japan’s 1st Constitution which mixed

Confucian and Buddhist ideas● Japan is the Chinese pronunciation of Nippon, a Japanese word meaning “Land

of the Rising Sun”● Japanese used Chinese alphabet but added new characters to fit their language

○ They also adopted the practice of calligraphy ● Japan adopted the civil service system but did not use the exam to appoint

positions, the emperor appointed people based on heredity not ability

Japanese Literature● Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu (MOO-rah-SAH-Kee

SHEE-kee-boo) ○ World first novel written by a woman○ It describes the life of the emperors court during the Heian period

● The Pillow Book written by Sei Shonagon (SAY SHOW-nah-gohn)○ Collection of true stories about court life

● Haiku (HY-koo)○ Traditional form of Japanese poetry○ Consist of 3 lines that focus on a single concept○ The first and last lines of have 5 syllables and the middle line has 7 syllables○ The lines rarely rhyme○ One of the great masters was Matsuo Basho (MAHT-soo-oh bah-SHAW)

Japanese Arts● Noh (noh) theater 1300’s

○ Began as part of the Shinto rituals used to retell well known folktales○ Actors wear elaborate masks and clothing ○ Their movements are practiced traditional choreographed acts to music

● Kabuki (kuh-BOO-kee) theater 1600’s ○ drama with singing and dancing performed in a highly stylized manner○ Makeup is used to show the actors emotion and costumes reflect the characters

● Suiboku (soo-ee-BOH-koo) ○ From China- ink paintings using bold strokes of black and white ink

● Gardening○ developed various types of gardens with the aim of creating symbolic miniature landscapes to

represent paradise

Zen Buddhism 1100’s● Focuses on meditation as a way to clear the mind and simplify one's life● The goal is to achieve inner peace and find the divinity within everyone● Followers practice simplicity in all aspect of their life, livelihood, home, food,

clothing, art, etc. ● The self-discipline and contemplation of life appealed to the Samurai Warrior

class of Japan○ Samurai support and practice of the religion secured its place in Japanese society

A Structured Society ● By the mid-1000’s Japanese emperors

lost most of their power to leaders of large landowning families know as Daimyo (DY-mee-oh)

○ Each Daimyo had an army of hired Samurai (SAM-uh-ry)warriors

● Japanese Feudalism system○ Emperor losses all power and becomes a

figurehead ○ Samurai swore their allegiance to a daimyo○ Samurai were vassals by receiving land from a

feudal lord in exchange for obedience and service○ Peasant farmers, Artisans, and Merchants were

the lower class

Warrior Culture● Japan’s daimyo fought each other for power until the Minamoto

(MEE-nah-moh-toh) family defeated them all in 1195● Yoritomo (yoh-REE-toh-moh) Minamoto becomes the first shogun

○ Shogun means general○ The Minamoto family holds the Shogunate until the 1300’s

● Bushido (buh-SHEE-doh)○ The Way of the Warrior○ Fusese aspects of

■ Shintoism devotion to family and ruler■ Zen Buddhism focus on inner peace and fearlessness■ Confucianism service to state and country

Seven Virtues of Bushido❖ Justice/Rectitude

➢ This is all about making sure that we have the right way when we make a decision

■ That we have the power to make a decision quickly

❖ Courage➢ This is all about making sure that what we

do is right and that we have the courage to do the right thing

■ Not just what people think we should do

❖ Benevolence/Mercy➢ As a warrior the samurai have the power to

kill ■ its is about making sure that you also

have sympathy and mercy at the right time

❖ Respect➢ Be respectful of their elders

■ Respect life respect others beliefs❖ Honesty

➢ Being honest in everything you do gives you respect

❖ Honor➢ Live and die with honor

■ Do everything with honor❖ Loyalty

➢ Loyalty is very important part of what you did

■ Treat each other like family

Unification and Isolation● 1274 first Mongol invasion capture many outlying islands but retreat after a

typhoon destroyed many of their ships● 1281 second invasion ended in a Japanese victory when the daimyos pulled

their forces to defeat 150,000 Mongol invaders over two months○ Another typhoon smashed the Mongol fleet ○ Japan claimed that heaven sent the Kamikaze “divine wind” to stop the Mongols

● 1467-1568 “Warring States” period occurs ○ Oda Nobunaga (oh-dah noh-boo-nah-gah) ended a long period of feudal wars by unifying half of

the provinces● After centuries of intense power struggles, Japan was unified in the 1600s

under a strong central government that rejected contact with foreigners ○ 1603 Takugawa leyasu (toh-koo0-gah-wah ee-yeh-yah-soo) united Japan under his shogunate○ 1639-1854 Japan practices of isolationism allowed its population to grow from a largely one

ethnic group and developed a strong sense of unity