Cells

Building blocks of life

Smallest living unit of organisms

Nutrition

Autotrophic make their own food eg photosynthesis

Heterotrophic cannot manufacture foodeg animals have to eat food

Atom Molecule Organelle

Cell

TissueOrgan

Organ system Organism

TissueOrgan

Organ system Organism

Brainstorm some examples of each level with the person next to you – 3 minutes

Diversity of organisms

Prokaryotic ancestor

Kingdom MoneraBacteria

Kingdom Protocista

Eukaryotes

Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom FungiProkaryotes

PROKARYOTES

bacteria

single primitive cell

no true nucleus

loop of DNA

EUKARYOTES

eg plants & animals

unicellular or multicellular

true nucleus

chromosomes in pairs

Protists

Mostly unicellular

Heterotrophic &/or autotrophic

Fungus

Plant-like (non-motile) but lack chlorophyll

Plants

cell wall large vacuole chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)

Animals

Several smaller vacuolesNo cell wallNo chloroplasts

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Key Words

Exercise

Quick Quiz

Additional slides

History of the cell

Videos

Key wordsProkaryote

Eukaryote

DNA

chromatin

nucleus

membranes

membrane-bound organelles

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Quick quiz1. An ____ makes is an organism which makes its own food

2. A ____ has to obtain food from elsewhere (feeding)

3. ____ have no true nucleus (loose chromatin)

4. ____ have a true nucleus

True / False?

5. Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles

6. Prokaryotic cells are diploid

7. Eukaryotic cells have pairs of chromosomes

8. Homologous chromosomes in bacteria form chains

9. Prokaryotes are multi-cellular

10. Eukaryotes include fungi, plants and animals

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Answers

Quick quiz1. An autotroph makes is an organism which makes its own food

2. A heterotroph has to obtain food from elsewhere (feeding)

3. Prokaryotes have no true nucleus (loose chromatin)

4. Eukaryotes have a true nucleus

True / False?

5. Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles F

6. Prokaryotic cells are diploid F

7. Eukaryotic cells have pairs of chromosomes T

8. Homologous chromosomes in bacteria form chains F

9. Prokaryotes are multi-cellular F

10. Eukaryotes include fungi, plants and animals T

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Videos

http://www.microbeworld.org/index.php?option=com_jlibrary&view=article&id=800

(youtube)

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Draw, label and annotate

a) a prokaryote cell

b) a eukaryote cell

READING

Workbook p54

ExerciseBack to menu

Extension slides

The remaining slides are for additional information only

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Bacteria (Kingdom Monera)• Simple unicellular bacteria (eubacteria)• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).• Cell wall surrounded by slime layer• Flagellum for locomotion

Chromosome is usually a simple DNA circle

Haploid – no homologous pairs of chromosomes

No membrane-bound organelles

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EUKARYOTES

True nucleus

Chromosome is a double helix of DNA

Mitosis and meiosis occur

Diploid – homologous pairs of chromosomes (except in gametes)

Recessive genes may not be expressed

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MRS GREN

• Move

• Respire (uses Oxygen)

• Sensitive

• Grow

• Reproduce

• Excrete wastes

• Nutrition

Cells show all the characteristics of life

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Basic Cell Theory Complete

1. cell = basic unit of life

2. organism = one or more cells.

3. new cells from division of pre-existing cells.

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cells work together to survive.

Humans ≈ 100 Trillion cells!!!

50 cells would cover the dot on the letter “i”

Every cell is just as alive as we are.

Wow!!

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A potted history of the cellBack to menu

Robert Hooke 1665

Plants and fungi are made of tiny boxes like honeycomb!

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Anton van Leuwenhoek 1673

pond scum containssingle-celled organisms, which I call animalcules

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Spontaneous Generation

+ =

18th century

Organisms generate spontaneously,

like mice from dirty clothes/corn husks

AbsolutelyQuite right

I agree

What about babies?

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Louis Pasteur 19th century

Non, non, non! I disagree

Some sense at last

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Mid 19th Century Germany

All plants are made of

cells

All animals are made of

cells

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1858 Rudolf Virchow

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Now we’re getting somewhere

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