C 34: An Age of Anxiety
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Transcript of C 34: An Age of Anxiety
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C 34: An Age of Anxiety
Post-War PessimismCrash of 1929Global DepressionEconomic ExperimentationThe New Deal
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As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain, and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality.
Conscious v
s Unconsci
ous?
“The Lost Generation”??
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October 1929John Maynard Keynes?The New Deal?
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Vladimir Lenin =Rapid CollectivizationConfiscationsUNPOPULAR New Economic Policy (NEP)
* partial privatization* promotion of agriculture* promotion of industry* “Kulaks” and speculation
Centralized government/authoritarianStroke 1922Died 1924
Peasants who rose
to prosperity
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Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)“Socialism in One Country”1924
vs. Trotsky “international communist revolutions”
Massive Agricultural CollectivizationFirst FIVE YEAR PLAN 1928-1932Ukrainian Famine 1932-1933De-kulakization = SECRET POLICEThe GREAT PURGE: 8 million Soviets in
labor camps by 1939 (gulags)
Isolation
Ukraine 1929-1933:3 million died
Including 1 million children
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Nikolai Yezhov, the young man walking with Stalin in the top photo from the 1930s, was shot in 1940.
Following his death, Yezhov was edited out of the photo by Soviet Censors. Such retouching was a common occurrence during Stalin's rule.
The Great Purge: Results =
Arrests, 1937-1938 - about 7 millionExecuted - about 1 millionDied in camps - about 2 millionIn prison, late 1938 - about 1 millionIn camps, late 1938 - about 8 million
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Hostile to liberal democraciesHostile to class based visions ofthe future
MILITARISM
Alternatives?
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Benito Mussolini 1883-1945
1921 elected 35 fascists to Italian parliament(“Blackshirts”)
1922 March on RomeKing Victor Emmanuel III asked him tobecome prime minister
1926 Seized total control
Adolf Hitler 1889-1945
1930-1933Nazi party becomes the largest party in parliament
Hitler appointed Chancellor
July 1933Nazi party only legal party
1933Compulsory sterilization program begins1935 Nuremberg Laws1938 Kristallnacht