Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 500-1500 AD
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Transcript of Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 500-1500 AD
Chapter 11
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact500-1500 AD
Vocabulary Justinian Code: The Body of Roman Law, collected and organized by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian
Hagia Sophia: The Cathedral of (Holy Wisdom in Constantinople) built by Justinian
Patriarch: Principal Bishop in the Eastern Branch of the Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)
Icon: A religious image used by Eastern Orthodox Christians
Excommunication: The taking away of a person’s right of membership in a Christian Church
Vocabulary Cyrillic Alphabet: The alphabet for “Slavic” languages
Slavs: People from the forests North of the Black Sea (Now Eastern European)
Ivan III: Russian who established the Russian control from the Mongols
Czar: Russian emperor (Roman title for Caesar)
Seljuks: Turkish group who started their own empire in Turkey in the 11th century
Malik Shah: Most famous Seljuk sultans/prime minister
Byzantium Becomes the New Rome
New Rome in a New SettingJustinian: A New Line of Caesars
Rome was officially divided in two in 395 Justinian became Caesar of the Eastern
Roman Empire in 527
The Absolute Power of the EmperorsThe Byzantine Emperors controlled politics
and religion
Building the New RomeJustinian’s Code
The Code consisted of four works aimed at created a uniform set of laws for Byzantium
a. The Code - Contained 5,000 Roman Lawsb. The Digest – Summarized the opinions of
Rome’s legal thinkersc. The Institutes – A Textbook that taught
students about the lawsd. The Novellae – Any new laws created
after 534
Strange Laws
Building A New RomeCreating the Imperial Capital
Justinian rebuilt massive fortifications around Constantinople
Construction of hospitals, aqueducts, and schools rivaled old Rome
Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)/HippodromeReconquered most of the OLD ROMAN
EMPIRE!!!!!
Constantinople’s Hectic PaceThe City’s main streets were crowded with
merchants from Asia, Africa, and EuropeFree entertainment provided at the Hippodrome
(horse-track) which sat 60,000 people
Hippodrome
Life In The New Rome Byzantium Preserves Learning
Schools and SubjectsAlmost all children attended either monastic or
public schoolsByzantium helped to preserve ancient Greek and
Roman knowledge through the Middle Ages
The Empire Confronts Its Enemies The Mysterious Plague of Justinian
From 542-700 a series of plagues swept through Byzantium
By 700, Byzantium had lost a large amount of its population
Attacks On The Empire
Attacks From East and WestGermanic tribes, Seljuk Turks, and Russians launched invasions of Byzantine territory between 600-1400
Constantly attacked due to resources/trade routes
By 1350, only immediate area around Constantinople was controlled by Byzantium
The Division of Christianity
The Church DividesA Split Between Rome and ConstantinopleThe head of the Eastern Church was known as
the PatriarchIn 1054, the Patriarch and the Pope had a
disagreement over religious doctrineEach excommunicated the other, or kicked
them out of the churchThe Great Schism, it forever split Roman Catholicism with Eastern Orthodox
Division of Christianity
Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox
OldPopeRome
NewPatriarchConstantinople
Roman Catholic
Old
Similarities Eastern Orthodox
New
Latin They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus and the
Bible
Greek or local languages
The Pope has authority over all
other Bishops
They use sacraments such
as a baptism
The Patriarch and other bishops head
the Church as a group
The Pope claims authority over all
kings and emperors
Their religious leaders are Priests and
Bishops
The emperor claims authority over the Patriarch and other Bishops
the empire
Priests may not marry
Priests may be married
Divorce is not allowed
They seek to convert people
Divorce is allowed under
certain conditions
Roman CatholicOld
Eastern Orthodox
New
Similarities
Language
Latin Greek or local languages
They base their faith on the
gospel of Jesus and the Bible
Religious
Structure
The Pope has authority over all other Bishops
The Patriarch and other bishops head the Church
as a group
They use sacraments
such as a baptism
Authority:
Political
The Pope claims authority over all kings
and emperors
The emperor claims authority over the Patriarch and other Bishops
the empire
Their religious leaders are Priests and
Bishops
Priests Priests may not marry Priests may be married
Divorce Divorce is not allowed Divorce is allowed under
certain conditions
They seek to convert people
Religious Conversations
Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs
Missionaries from the Orthodox Church began to convert Slavs in the 9th Century
Cyrillic AlphabetBasis for Slav/Russian Lang.
Cyrillic Language
Chapter 11:2
The Russian Empire
Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture
Both Slavic and GreekThe Land of Russia’s Birth
Three great rivers (Dnieper, Don, and Volga) connect Russia to the Black and Caspian Seas
Ural Mountains Slavs and Vikings
The original inhabitants of Eastern Europe were a mix between Slavs and Vikings
Vikings called Rus (Russia)Slaves invited Viking King (Rurik) to be their
king
The Birth of RussiaKiev Becomes OrthodoxKiev become powerful trade city
(Constantinople)Prince Vladimir Investigates MonotheismPrince Vladimir converted to Orthodox
Christianity in 989, and made it the official religion of Kiev
Created link between Kiev and Byzantine Empire
Kiev’s Power and DeclineKiev due to trade
with Constantinople (Educated, Prosperous)
Kiev held great power in 11th century, led by great Kievan ruler: Yaroslav the WiseMarried off daughters
for political power/alliances
After his death, civil war and crusades disrupted prosperity
Mongolian Invasion
Mongol Invasions Favor the Rise of Moscow Mongol Rule in Russia
In 1240, Mongol warriors destroyed Kiev, slaughtering most inhabitants
Khanate Golden Horde (Kingdom, Royal Color Camp)
Mongols allowed Russians to keep their customs in return for obedience and monetary tribute
Mongol rule cut off the Russians from Western Europe, setting them back 200 years in technology
Life Under The Mongols1. Allowed to continue culture/religion (tax)
1. Mongol Demands: “Absolute Obedience/Massive Tributes”
2. Religious toleration3. Separated from Western Europe/Isolated
(No new Technology/Cultural Diffusion)4. Moscow became center of Russian
government under Mongols5. Patriarch of Eastern Church moved to
Moscow, linking religion with government
Russia Breaks Free
By 1156 Moscow grew to be an important city (Volga, Dnieper, Don Rivers)
Prince Ivan I grew in power b/c tax collector
Convinced the Patriarch in Kiev to move to Moscow
Church now supported Moscow
Ivan III: 43 year reign Challenged Mongol
Rule, named himself “Czar”
Marched to battle but both sides turned around (Bloodless Revolution)
Chapter 11:3
Turkish Empires Rise In Anatolia
Rise of the TurksNomadic HerdersKnown for their military skill/craftsmanshipAbbasids bought Turkish child-slaves to train
as soldiers (Mamelukes)Seljuk Turks (family/clan) grew in powerCaptured the Abbasid capital (Baghdad) in
1055 ADCaptured Persia Adopted Religion, language, literatureShah (king)
Eventually pushed their forces into Anatolia Pressured the Byzantine Empire
Challenges Facing the SeljukThe Seljuk and the
Crusaders The Seljuk Face the
Mongols
Pope II launched the First Crusade in 1095
Christians to drive the Turks/Muslims out of Anatolia/Holy Land
1099 the Crusaders captured Jerusalem (Massacred Jewish/Muslims)
Saladin lead Muslims recaptured Jerusalem 1187
Mongol Armies eventually turned to the West
Destroyed/Conquered/slaughtered everything in the way
Captured Baghdad Wrapped the Caliph in
blankets (Horses)