BY2012 Microbiology Gallery of Yeasts - TCD
Transcript of BY2012 Microbiology Gallery of Yeasts - TCD
BY2012 Microbiology Gallery of Ciliates
Ciliates - Characteristics
Found almost everywhere – lakes, ponds, rivers, oceans, soils
Have short hair-like surface structures termed cilia
Have two types of nuclei – macronuclei (polyploid, general cell regulation) and micronuclei (diploid, reproduction)
Have contractile vacuoles that collect and expel excess water from cells to maintain osmotic pressure/ionic balance
Feed on bacteria, algae and detritus
SEMs of Different Genera of Ciliates2
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3
54
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1. Aspidisca 2. Loxocephalus 3. Colpoda 4. Blepharisma
5. Paramecium 6. Colpidium 7. Holosticha 8. Uronema
Paramecium – Ciliate
SEM
Paramecium – Ciliate
Posterior contractile
vacuole
Anterior contractile
vacuole
Food vacuole Macronucleus
Cilia
Oral grooveMicronucleusCytoproct Buccal cavity
with rows of cilia
TrichocystsCytostome
Oral vestibule
Paramecium caudatum
Phase contrast microscopy Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy
Contractile vacuole
Macronucleus
Food vacuoles
Buccal cavity
Oral vestibule
Contractile vacuoles
Paramecium caudatum
Macronucleus
Contractile vacuole
Food vacuole
Cilia
Contractile vacuole
Paramecium
Contractile vacuole
Contractile vacuole
Macronucleus
Food vacuole
Paramecium
SEM showing cilia covering surface of Paramecium
Paramecium caudatum
Cilia
Oral vestibule
Anterior contractile
vacuole
Posterior contractile
vacuole
Macronucleus
Paramecium caudatum
Paramecia undergoing mitosis
Tetrahymena thermophila
A free-living ciliate in freshwater – macronuclear genome sequenced
CiliaMacronucleus
Oral vestibule
Hypotrichous Ciliates
Some ciliates possess tufts of cilia rather than cilia covering their complete surface and have fewer cilia than paramecia
Euplotes EuplotesEuplotes
Oxytricha fallax
A hypotrichous ciliate
Aspidisca
Colpidium colpoda
Oral vestibule
Contractile vacuole
Macronucleus
Macronucleus
Colpoda inflata
Uronema spp.
Blepharisma
Macronucleus
Holosticha
Stentor roseli
Stentor is a sessile ciliate, usually attached to algae or detritus, a filter feeder with a horn- or trumpet- shaped body with a ring of cilia (arrowed) around the mouth of the horn that sweeps particles into the horn
Macronucleus and Micronuclei of Paramecium
Two micronuclei are present in Paramecium
cilia
Micronuclei arrowed
Macronucleus and Micronucleus of Ciliates
Nomarski micrograph of Eudiplodinium - macronucleus (pink) micronucleus (red, arrowed)
Nomarski micrograph of Entodinium - macronucleus (pink) micronucleus (red, arrowed)
Micrograph of Paramecium - macronucleus (blue) micronuclei (blue dots, arrowed)- stained with DAPI
Macronucleus and Micronucleus of Stegotricha
Stegotricha stained with silver protein showing the micronucleus (M) situated anterior to macronucleus (Ma), a cytopharngeal structure (C) and the body surface covered by evenly spaced slightly oblique ciliary rows (K) (kineties)
Ma
MK