By the end of this session I should be able to:(e) distinguish between the terms conservation and preservation (HSW6a, 6b); (f) explain how the management of an ecosystem can provide resources in a sustainable way, with reference to timber production in a temperate country; (g) explain that conservation is a dynamic process involving management and reclamation; (h) discuss the economic, social and ethical reasons for conservation of biological resources (HSW6b, 7c); (i) outline, with examples, the effects of human activities on the animal and plant populations in the Galapagos Islands (HSW6b).

Conservation Vs PreservationKey Term Definition Describe an example

Conservation

Preservation

Biodiversity

Niche

Reasons for conservation

Ethical

EconomicSocial

Reason Outline term Why is it important? Examples of In-situ &Ex-situ

Social

Ethical

Economic

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wa_fdlOoYGcWATCH ME

Pollarding

Key term and linking to sustainability

Key Term Definition Effect on sustainability

Sustainable n/a

Coppicing

Coppicing with standards

Rotational coppicing

Pollarding

Sustainable timber production

Another AWESOME clipPoints for discussion:• Clear felling Vs Selective cutting• Good Forestry = IMPROVED EFFICIENCY1. Match species to climate2. Plant appropriate distances apart3. Control pests and pathogens4. Use every part of the tree felled

WATCH ME!

Conservation & management of heathland

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g) explain that conservation is a dynamic process involving management and reclamation;

While watching the clip answer the following questions:1. Why is it essential to manage heathland? (2

marks)2. List the techniques used when managing the

heathland (3 marks)3. For each of the techniques outline how it aids the

conservation of the heathland (3 marks)Answer the questions on the back of this sheet

Active management

• BAPs

• SSSIs

World Heritage Sites

http://jurassiccoast.org/ One on your own Door Step!!

The Galapagos Islands

Many of the organisms of the Galapagos are...

Conservation on the

Galapagos

Endemic Species

Population Growth

Overfishing

Exotic Species

Tourism

Conservation examples

Construct a Mind Map to summariseUsing p.209-212

Galapagos Woo Hoo

WATCH ME!

Human Impact

• While this unforgiving and uncontrollable force of nature has had a destructive impact on the Galapagos, many of the environmental issues facing the Galapagos originate from a potentially controllable source human beings. • The presence of people in the

Islands has two sources: 1.migration from the mainland 2.and tourism.

Migration• The Galapagos population has increased over

300% in the past few decades. • The 1990 census marks the population at 9,735. • Today, more than 25,000 people live on the

Islands.• The population is doubling every eleven years,

which means that there will be 40,000 people on the Galapagos Islands by 2014.

• Aside from the pressure put on the natural resources, most of the garbage is dumped in an open air site and burned with no sort of treatment or separation.

WATCH ME! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygqn2RFT-x8

Tourism

• For decades, tourists have marvelled at the rich flora and fauna of the Galapagos.

• Despite the high prices, the stream of visitors has never broke off.

• In the sixties, there have been about 1,000 tourists per year, whereas there have been approximately 80,000 visitors in 2001.

• A second airport was built and the construction of a third one is under discussion.

Over-fishing• Recently, overfishing or illegal fishing has become a large

issue. • When migrants do not find work in tourism, they often find

jobs in the fishing industry. • The sea cucumber and sharks of the Galapagos have become

alarming targets, both popular in Asian markets for their aphrodisiac or medicinal qualities. SO WHAT DO WE DO??

• National Park service banned all fishing of sea cucumbers in the Galapagos.

• Fishermen were not filled with enthusiasm. • Angry fishermen besieged the Charles Darwin Station and

demanded the right to use greater nets and longer lines. • The seizure ended with an agreement signed between César

Narváez (Ecuador's Minister of the Environment), and the artisenal fishermen.

• The conflict, however, is far from over.

Introduced Species

• After all, humans did not arrive alone to the Islands.

• Since the times of the first inhabitants, non-native species have been introduced to the Galapagos Islands, often with drastic consequences.

• Many of the species introduced like rats, dogs, cats, and goats, are not rare or deadly in themselves, but when placed on fragile Islands where life took years to adapt, have caused dramatic effects.

Examples

• Four goats were introduced to the Santiago Islands in the early 1800's, went rampant and one estimate calculated that their population had grown to nearly 100,000.

• Due to their constitution and ability to feed on nearly any plant, goats alone may be responsible for the local extinction of up to 4 or 5 species of vegetation and also they compete with the Galapagos tortoise for their food source.

Examples continued..

• A newly introduced wasp species has been sited on the Islands, and may be responsible for a declining number of caterpillar larvae, a food source for finches.

Lonesome George in the Galapagos

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Lonesome George no more......

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDYqZncKNNc

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Discussion pairs (2 minutes 4 marks)

Distinguish between the terms preservation and conservation with an example.