by small unit leaders to analyze a mission,

6/18/2015

1

Show-Me GOLD

RISK ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL

CONSIDERSATIONS

TERMINAL LEARNINGOBJECTIVE

ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’’’’s).

CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,

classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.

STANDARD: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’’’’s) IAW

ADRP 3-0 Unified Land Operations, 5-0 The Operations

Process and ADP 3-0 Unified Land Operations, 5-0 The

Operations Process and Achieve a minimum Passing Score

of 80% in Overall testing.

4

Enabling Learning Objective

ELO 1

ACTION: Determine the Eight (8) Steps of the TLPs.



STANDARD: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’’’’s) IAW

ADRP 3-0, 5-0 and ADP 3-0, 5-0 and Achieve a minimum

Passing Score of 80% in Overall testing.

The dynamic process used

by small unit leaders to

analyze a mission,

develop a plan, and

prepare for an operation.

ADRP 3-0

ADP 5-0

TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES

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PARALLEL PLANNING

TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES – 8 STEPS

1. Receive mission

2. Issue warning order

3. Make a tentative plan

4. Initiate necessary troop movement

5. Conduct reconnaissance

6. Complete plan

7. Issue OPORD

8. Supervise ADRP 5-0


1. RECEIVE MISSION

� determine units’’’’ missions

� assess the time available

� conduct an initial analysis of

the order using METT-TC

FM 3-21.10


2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER

First WARNO includes at a minimum

� Type of operation

� General location of operation

� Initial operational timeline

� Reconnaissance to initiate

� Movement to initiate

� Planning & preparation instructions and timeline

� Information requirements

� Commander’’’’s critical information requirements

FM 3-21.10


3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN

- Mission Analysis

- Course of Action Development (COA)

- COA Analysis

- COA Comparison

- COA Selection

FM 3-21.10

6/18/2015

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4. INITIATE NECESSARY

TROOP MOVEMENT

�This step can be

executed at any time

throughout the

sequence of the TLP

FM 3-21.10


5. Conduct Reconnaissance

�Information confirms, adjusts or denies current

intel

FM 3-21.8

FM 3-21.10


6. Complete plan

• Expand selected COA into OPORD

• Update the tentative plan based on

recon

• Prepare briefing sites

• Conduct final coordination

FM 3-21.10


7. ISSUE OPORD

FM 3-21.10


8. SUPERVISE�Rehearsal considerations

�Reduce-force

�Full-dress

�Type of rehearsal

�Confirmation brief

�Backbrief

�Combined arms rehearsal

�Support rehearsal

FM 3-21.10

ACTION: Conduct A Mission Analysis using METT-TC



STANDARD: Conduct A Mission Analysis using METT-TC IAW

ADRP 3-0, 5-0 and ADP 3-0, 5-0 and Achieve a minimum

Passing Score of 80% in Overall testing.


ELO 2

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METT-TC

Mission

Enemy

Terrain & Weather

Troops – own

Time available

Civilian Considerations


FM 3-21.10

WHAT IS A MISSION?

ANALYZE MISSION

A mission is the task and

purpose that clearly

indicate the action to be

taken and the reason for

the action.

FM 3-21.10

ANALYZE MISSION

- Higher headquarters’’’’ Mission, Intent, and

Concept (two levels up)

- Immediate Higher Headquarters Mission, Intent,

and Concept (one level up)

- Unit’’’’s purpose

FM 3-21.10

TASKS

- A clearly defined and measurable activity accomplished by Soldiers or units.

Tactical mission task- describe the results or effects the commander wants to achieve.

ANALYZE MISSION

ADP 5-0

FM 3-90, Appx. B-1

Tactical Mission Tasks

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ESSENTIAL TASKS

ANALYZE MISSION

FM 3-21.10

The essential task is the

tactical mission task- it

accomplishes the assigned

purpose.

SPECIFIED TASKS

FM 3-21.10

ANALYZE MISSION

Are those specifically assigned

to a unit by a higher

headquarters and found

throughout the OPORD.

IMPLIED TASKS

ANALYZE MISSION

FM 3-21.10

Are those that must be

performed in order to

accomplish the specified task,

but which are not stated in the

higher headquarters order.

FM 3-21.10

ANALYZE MISSION

- Constraints- Constraints either prohibit or require

an action. Leaders identify all constraints the

OPORD places on their units’’’’ ability to execute

their missions.

two types

Proscriptive- required; mandates action

Prohibitive- not allowed; limits action

Fire Support Task Matrix

FST T T L O D A C

FST1 A1B

C Co crosses

53 Easting

LD 5478 4301

LD 5545 4239

P: C Co;

A: B Co

P: FA;

A: MTR

BN 4 RNDS

HE/VT

P: FH 800;

A: FH 600

FST2 AB 2400

OBJ Hammer

Secured LD 5626 4135

P: C Co;

A: A Co

P: MTR;

A: FA

16 RNDS

HE/PROX

P: FH 600;

A: FH 800

ALLOCATIONS:

RESTRICTIONS/ FSCM: CFL PL RED; NFA 1 AND 2 IN EFFECT

ASSESSMENT: 20 x Insurgents destroyed and enemy unable to reconsolidate forces

Phase III: Assault OBJ Hammer

TASK/PURPOSE: FST 1: Destroy Insurgent base-camp P1: IOT Deny insurgent ability to provide Direct Fire on

Assault Force FST 2: Suppress Insurgent reinforcemnets P2: IOT interdict repositioning of enemy forces

EXECUTION:

POF: FA - C Co; MTR - B Co

POSITIONING GUIDANCE: Mortars move along RTE Cobra and occupy MFP 1 (AOF 1600); IPRTF NLT H - 1

ANALYZE MISSION

ADP 5-0

FM 3-21.10

The result of mission analysis is the

restated mission statement, a simple,

concise expression of the essential tasks

that must be accomplished and the

purpose to be achieved.

who, (type of operation) what (task),

when, where, why (purpose)

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MISSION STATEMENT

ANALYZE MISSION

WHO – 2nd Platoon, C Company

WHAT – will attack to seize Objective Blue

WHERE – at GL 1234 5678

WHEN – no later than 020500Z AUG 09

WHY – in order to deny the enemy key terrain in AO

2 PLT, C Co will attack to seize OBJ BLUE

at GL 1234 5678 NLT 020500Z AUG 09 IOT

deny the ENY key terrain in AO

ENEMY ANALYSIS

Dispositions

Compositions

Strengths

Doctrine

Equipment

Capabilities

Vulnerabilities

Probable courses of action

FM 3-21.10

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

Define the battlefield into two areas

� Area of Operation (AO)- operational

area defined by higher commanders

� Area of Interest (AI)- any threat or

other element that greatly influence

the accomplishment of the mission

FM 3-21.10

1 A

1 1

1

1

2

2

3

3

AO VIPER

O- obstacles

A- avenues of approach

K- key terrain

O- observation & fields of fire

C- cover & concealment

FM 3-21.10

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

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TERRAIN ANALYSIS

OBSTACLESIdentify existing obstacles

Natural

Man-made

Identify reinforcing obstacles

Tactical

Protective

FM 3-21.10

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

OBSTACLES

Categories of terrain

�Unrestricted

�Restricted

�Severely restricted

Analysis and categories must be made for both

mounted and dismounted movement

FM 3-21.10

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

AVENUES OF APPROACHAn air or ground route of an attacking force

leading to an objective or key terrain

Classified by:

� TYPE (MOUNTED, DISMOUNTED, AIR, SUBTERRAINEN)

� FORMATION

� SPEED OF LARGEST UNIT

FM 3-21.10

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

KEY TERRAIN

KEY TERRAIN- Any locality or area, the

seizure or retention of which affords a

marked advantage to either combatant in

a given course of action.

DECISIVE TERRAIN- Key terrain whose

seizure, retention, or control is necessary for

mission accomplishment

FM 3-21.10

OBSERVATION & FIELDS OF FIRE

Observation- The condition of weather and terrain that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment.

Fields of Fire- Areas that a weapon or group of weapons may effectively cover with fire from a given position.

ADP 5-0

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

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COVER AND CONCEALMENT

Cover- Protection from the effects of direct and /

or indirect fires.

Concealment- Protection from observation

and surveillance.

TERRAIN ANALYSIS

FM 3-21.10

TERRAIN ANALYSIS -WEATHER

• Visibility

• Winds

• Temperature/Humidity

• Precipitation

• Cloud Cover

FM 3-21.10

There are five military aspects of weather:

Leaders consider how the weather will affect the units visibility, mobility, and survivability.

ANALYZE TROOPS

Leaders study their task organization to determine:

FM 3-21.10

• Number

• Type

• Capabilities

• Condition

• Readiness

• Maintenance

• Training

• Strengths

• Weaknesses

• Leaders

TIME ANALYSIS

Four categories for leaders to consider

� next higher echelon’’’’s timeline

� operations

� planning and preparation

� enemy timeline

Aids to planning

� 1/3, 2/3 rule

� Backward / Forward Planning

FM 3-21.10

AIDS TO PLANNING 1/3, 2/3 RULE, AND

BACKWARD PLANNING

FM 3-21.10

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CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS

How the man-made infrastructure, civilian institutions, attitudes and activities of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within the AO influence the conduct of military operations.

ASCOPE

•Areas

•Structures

•Capabilities

•Organizations

•People

•Events

ADP 5-0

50

RISK MANAGEMENT

This is the process of identifying,

assessing, and controlling risks arising

from operational factors, and making

decisions that balance risk cost with

mission benefits.

Risk management consists of five steps

that are performed throughout the

operations process.

FM 3-21.10

Step 1. Identify hazards. Current and future

situations.

Step 2. Assess hazards. Determine the risk of

potential loss based on probability and severity of the

hazard.

Step 3. Develop controls, determine residual

risk, and make risk decision. Develop controls.

Specify who, what, where, when, and how for each

control.

RISK MANAGEMENT

FM 3-21.10

Step 4. Implement controls. State how each

control will be put into effect & communicated to

personnel who will make it happen.

Step 5. Supervise & evaluate.

•Supervise controls. Explain how each control will

be monitored to ensure proper implementation.

•Evaluate controls. Evaluate the effectiveness of

each control in reducing or eliminating risk.

RISK MANAGEMENT

FM 3-21.10

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MISSION ANALYSIS

IDENTIFY TENTATIVE DECISIVE POINTS

� Most important aspect of the TLP

� Entire COA is developed from the decisive

point

� Defines how, where, or when the unit will

accomplish it’’’’s purpose

FM 3-21.10

DECISIVE POINT

WHAT IS A DECISIVE POINT?

A DECISIVE POINT IS A GEOGRAPHIC

PLACE, SPECIFIC KEY EVENT, CRITICAL

SYSTEM OR FUNCTION THAT ALLOWS

COMMANDERS TO GAIN A MARKED

ADVANTAGE OVER AN ENEMY AND

GREATLY INFLUENCE THE OUTCOME

OF AN ATTACK.

FM 1-02

DECISIVE POINT

• Might orient on terrain, enemy, time or a

combination of these

• The event or action that will ultimately

and irreversibly lead to the unit

achieving its purpose

• Does not simply restate the unit’’’’s

essential task or purpose

FM 3-21.10

ACTION: Develop a course of action (COA) using the

Troop Leading Procedure (TLP’’’’s).

CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials, Field

Manuals and a OPORD.

STANDARD: Produce COA based on mission analysis IAW

ADP 5-0, FM 3-21.8 and FM 3-21.10.


ELO 3

59

COA Development

STEP 1: Analyze Relative Combat Power

STEP 2: Generate Options

STEP 3: Array Forces

STEP 4: Develop the Concept of Operations

STEP 5: Assign Responsibilities

STEP 6: Prepare COA Statement and Sketch

ADP 5-0

FM 3-21.10,

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COA CRITERIA

ADP 5-0

Step 1: Analyze Relative Combat Power

Four goals include-

� Identify an enemy weakness to exploit

� Identify friendly strengths to exploit enemy weakness

� Identify enemy strengths to mitigate

� Identify friendly weaknesses to protect

COA Development

ADP 5-0

FM 3-21.10

COA Development

Step 2: Generate Options

� Determine one or more ways to accomplish

missions

� Consider TTP from doctrine, history, or other

resources to find a solution

� Confirm mission’’’’s decisive point

� From the decisive point, ID the purposes of

decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations

� Determine the tactical mission tasks for the

decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations

ADP 5-0

FM 3-21.10,

64

Decisive Point

What is a decisive point?

A decisive point is a geographic place, specific key event, critical system

or function

That Allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy and

greatly influence the outcome of an attack

•Might Orient on terrain, enemy, time or a combination of those.

•The event or action that will ultimately and irreversibly lead to the unit

aching its

purpose.

•Does not simply restate the unit’s essential task or purpose.

65

By addressing the decisive point, the friendly commander is able to determine

where/when to focus his combat power. Next step is to determine tasks and purposes

For the decisive, shaping and any sustaining operations.

Example of Decisive point

Step 3: Array Forces

The product from generate options is used to

determine what is required to accomplish the

mission (Soldiers, weapons and other

equipment).

““““THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB””””

COA Development

FM 3-21.10

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Step 4: Develop a Concept of Operations

• Describes how the leader sees the mission unfolding.

• Determine how accomplishing each task leads to the next

task.

• Determine the best ways to use terrain and employ unit

strengths.

• Develop control measures necessary to convey and

enhance the understanding of the operation.

COA Development

ADP 5-0

FM 3-21.10

Step 5: Assign Responsibilities

� assign responsibilities for each task to a

subordinate

COA Development

ADP 5-0

FM 3-21.10

Step 6: Prepare a COA Statement and Sketch

� describes the Concept of Operations

� the basis for paragraph 3 of the OPORD

The COA statement & sketch should identify-� decisive point, and what makes it decisive

� form of maneuver or type of defensive operation

� tasks & purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining

operations

� reserve planning priorities

� purpose of critical WFF elements

� the end state

COA Development

FM 3-21.10

• THINK THROUGH THE OPERATION FROM START TO FINISH.

• VISUALIZE A SET OF ACTIONS AND REACTIONS

• THE OBJECT IS TO DETERMINE WHAT CAN GO WRONG AND WHAT DECISION THE LEADER NEEDS TO MAKE AS A RESULT

COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME)

FM 3-21.10

-REMAIN OBJECTIVE

-DO NOT MAKE CHANGES – TAKE NOTES

TECHNIQUES:

- BOX

- BELT

- AVENUES IN DEPTH

COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME)

FM 3-21.10

BOX

• Focuses the wargame on a specific area

• May be:

– The objective area

– An Engagement area

– Other critical location

• Used when time is limited or the enemy

situation is clear.

FM 3-21.10

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BOX

FM 3-21.10

BELT

- The belt technique allows the leader to

divide the COA into events or belts.

- May be done from phase line to phase or by

significant events

- Most effective for offensive COAs

FM 3-21.10

BELT

FM 7-10 p. 2-27FM 3-21.10

AVENUES IN DEPTH

• Analyze friendly and enemy actions along

one avenue of approach at a time.

• Best for defensive COAs

FM 3-21.10

AVENUES IN DEPTH

FM 3-21.10

by small unit leaders to analyze a mission,

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