by Prof. Lydia Ayers

KokopeliKokopeli

Pre-Columbian Wind Instruments

• Aztecs• Maya• Incas• Then mixed with Spanish and black

slaves• <8:03> indigenous instruments– conch shells, ocarinas, whistles, slit

drums and reed, clay and animal bone flutes, etc.

– pentatonic scales

Quena

• notched edge• straight flute of the Andes• some of the oldest Quenas in the

Andes, found in tombs in Peru, date to before 3,000 B.C.E.

• now made primarily of bamboo– originally made of clay, stone and bone

• medium-sized quena tuned to E minor or G Major

• often pentatonicquena

Zampona• panpipe

• bamboo tubes, open at one end

• blowing on the open end at a 45 degree angle produces sound

• traditionally made from Andean bamboo called Canahueca

• three sizes, all in E minor

zampona

Charango (Peru)

• ten-string guitar-like instrument traditionally made from the shell of an armadillo

• shimmering sound similar to the mandolin, ukulele or the guitar, but more dynamic

El Condor Pasa• <ewm6:14> a modern

Bolivian folk song– 2 quenas– Panpipe– Charango– drums condor

quena

zampona(panpipes)

Panpipes • Can make tubes from:– Bamboo– Cardboard– Plastic– Glass and plastic bottles

tuned with water

Transverse Flutes • Can make tube from– Bamboo– Plastic–Wood

Di / Dizi

Di / Dizi• Bamboo cross flute• Wrinkled membrane over one

hole produces bright timbre• Spring in the Pamirs,Tajik folk

song from Western China

• A small, flute-like whistle which can make showy bird-like sounds

Mouthpiece

4 Finger holes

Koudi

Xiao• End-blown notched bamboo flute

with five frontal finger holes

• Zhuang Tai Qiu Si(Autumn Reflection at Dressing Table)– ancient Chinese piece

Xun• vessel flute and one of the

oldest Chinese instruments (at least 6,700 years old)

• made of clay or porcelain

• Xianren aisi (Dreaming of Ancestors)

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