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By: Meghana Pendyala and Gabriela CruzAnterior Pituitary Gland

Where In the body can the glands be located?The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, underneath the hypothalamus.It is attached by the infundibulum.The anterior portion is located towards the front.

What hormones and type of hormones does the gland produce?HormoneSymbol(s)TargetEffectAdrenocorticotropic hormoneACTHAdrenal glandSecretion of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and androgensThyroid-stimulating hormoneTSHThyroid glandSecretion of thyroid hormonesFollicle-stimulating hormoneFSHGonadsGrowth of reproductive systemLuteinizing hormoneL+H, ICSHGonadsSex hormone productionGrowth hormoneGH, STHLiver, adipose tissuePromotes growth; lipid and carbohydrate metabolismProlactinPRLOvaries, mammary glandsSecretion of estrogens/progesterone; milk production

Why are these hormones important to the maintenance of homeostasis?The pituitary gland secretes hormones that cause other glands to produce their hormones.For example, if calcium levels in the blood are too low, the pituitary gland can produce thyroid-stimulating hormone so that the thyroid can produce its hormone to adjust calcium levels.

Feedback mechanism and Antagonistic HormonesThe pituitary gland produces hormones that are both part of the positive feedback and negative feedback mechanisms.LH, GH, and Prolactin are positive feedback mechanismsACTH, TSH, and FSH are negative feedback mechanismsAntagonistic hormones are hormones that maintain homeostasisACTH, TSH, and FSH are antagonistic hormones

Releasing Hormones and GlandsGrowth hormone (GH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and Prolactin are all releasing hormones.Adrenal gland, mammary gland, thyroid gland, and gonads are all releasing glands.

DisordersGrowth Hormone Deficiency causes growth failure for children and for adults decreased energy and quality of life .Growth Hormone Excess causes acromegaly, increase in size of hands, feet, jaw and skull. Prolactinomas causes impotence, infertility and decreased libido. This can be treated with prolactin serums as well as dopamine supplements. ACTH deficiency is associated with fatigue, pallor, anorexia, weight loss, hypotension, hyponatraemia, hypoglycaemia, and eosinophilia. This can be treated with doses of hydrocortisone. Other disorders include Hypopituitarism and Gonadotropin deficiency.

Cushings DiseaseA form of Cushings Syndrome. Condition where the pituitary gland releases too much ACTH. Too much ACTH. This in turn stimulates the release of cortisol (stress hormone). Symptoms: Central obesity and a hump between shoulders. Round, red, full face. Acne, purple marks (striae), easily bruised skin. Increased thirst or urination. (In some) Sweating In Women: Excess hair growth on face, neck, abdomen and thighs. Irregular Menstrual cycles. In Men: Decreased or no desire for sex. Surgery.

Disorders

GH Deficiency

Excessive GH

Sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary#Major_hormones_secretedhttp://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/ body_guide/reftext/html/endo_sys_fin.htmlwww.keepcalm-o-matic.co.ukhttp://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%205%20Final%20Review/CH%2016%20General%20Endocrine%20Terminology.htmhttp://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199204854.001.1/med-9780199204854-chapter-1302http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000348.htm