By: Jack SheridanMargaret Andrews

SLAVERY

The practice of slavery is accepted in the United States.

Vast land selection promotes slavery.Because of the Enlightenment after the Revolution,

there is a small percentage of people that question the morality of slavery.

THE NORMS OF SLAVERY

(Howe, 152)

CONCENTRATION OF SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1830

http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/index.html

Treated as property. Sold at auctions similar to cattle.

Famil ies and (tr ibemember, fr iends etc.) purposely separated.

Had no civi l r ights except protection from murder.

Some states passed specifi c laws on separation of famil ies and sell ing of chi ldren of certain ages, but they were diffi cult to enforce.

Floggings and whippings were common

Education was not available, al lowed, or encouraged. 9/10 slaves that fought in the Civi l War were i l l i terate.

Slave smugglers were often not punished in the South.

TREATMENT OF SLAVES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

http://www.blackvibes.com/images/bvc/46/8998-slave-whipping-scars.jpg

( Kennedy, M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey, 357-360)

The South still relied heavily on slavery for their economy, especially with the cotton gin and short – staple cotton.

The North was using industrial advances that did not require slaves.

Reform movements were growing in the North due to the Enlightenment.

Slavery was heavily concentrated in Virginia, South Carolina, and in the Cottony Kingdom.

75% of the population in the ‘Black Belt’ was slaves.

OPINIONS OF SLAVERY IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

( Kennedy, M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey, 357-360)

The key factor in explaining both the Atlantic slave trade and the perpetuation of s lavery on the United States was profi tabi l i ty.” (Howe, 53)

Emergence of short – staple cotton after 1815 caused more diffi culty for emancipation. (Pageant, 56)

Slaves were a good investment, so profi table that they crowded out other investment options.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SLAVERY

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South knew that the ban of s lavery would cr ipple the i r economy

Paternal ism The masters said that the i r

re lat ionship with s laves is car ing for those who could not look after themselves.

Slave conspirac ies f r ightened al l s lave holders . They were so afra id that emancipat ions would summon a rebel l ion that s lave owners would not grant emancipat ion for “fi nancia l compensat ion”

Contended that states had the r ight to judge legal i ty of s lavery

The South had s lave codes that forced the north to legal ly return any runaway owners to the i r owners in the South.

“Whites worr ied that general emancipat ion would jeopardize white

supremacy and threaten insurrect ion, and even where the black populat ion was smal l , whi tes worr ied that f ree people might become publ ic charges. Nowhere were whi tes wi l l ing to be taxed to pay compensat ion to owners for f ree ing the i r s laves.” (Howe, 53)

SOUTHERN REASONS AGAINST REFORM

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/photographs/slaves.jpg (Howe, 59-60)

American Colonization Society founded in 1817 helped to found the Republic of Liberia in 1822.

The Second Great Awakening helped to energize people to question if slavery is morally correct.

Theodore Dwight Weld held an eighteen day debate over slavery at the Lane Theological Seminary in 1833. His writings infl uenced Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin that was published in 1852.

William Lloyd Garrison started his militantly antislavery newspaper, The Liberator, in 1831. Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.

Frederick Douglass was famous for his speeches and text, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

Sojourner Truth (Isabella) gave powerful speeches and dictated an autobiography. (Howe, 52)

NORTH BEGINS REFORM

( Kennedy, M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey, 357-360)

New York recognizes the legality of slave marriages in 1809 which makes it i l legal to separate the couple from their children.

New York adopted a program of emancipation that slaves born after 1799 would be freed at age 28 for males and 25 for females and in 1817 they declare that all slaves would be freed in 1827.

The Continental Congress prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory in 1787.

Slave Trade Act of 1794 prohibited the making, loading, outfi tting, equipping, or dispatching of any ship is to be used in the slave trade.

Slave trade is outlawed by Congress in 1808. 1780 Delaware prohibits importation of African Slaves. 1780 Pennsylvania begins an emancipation process. 1778 Virginia prohibits the importation of slaves. In 1809 Congress declared that anyone found importing slaves

would be given the death penalty.

LAWS THAT PROMOTE EMANCIPATION

(Howe, 52-53)(Draper, Sharon)

Economic and ideological diff erences create a rift between North and South.

This division was enhanced by cultural (race, religion) and economic (industrial vs. agricultural) diff erences between the two regions.

INCREASED SECTIONALISM

Draper, Sharon. "TIMELINE OF SLAVERY IN AMERICA 1501-1865." Web. 7 Nov. 2011. <http://sharondraper.com/timeline.pdf>.

Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815-1848 . New York: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.

Kennedy, M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant . 12th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffl in, 2006. Print.

University of Virginia Library . University of Virginia, Geospatial and Statistical Data Center, 2004. Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/index.html>.

Wahl, Jenny. "Slavery in the United States". EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. March 26, 2008. URL http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/wahl.slavery.us

Web. 7 Nov. 2011. <http://fi berorganics.com/Images/cotton.jpg>.

Web. 7 Nov. 2011. <http://www.blackvibes.com/images/bvc/46/8998-slave-whipping-scars.jpg>.

Web. 7 Nov. 2011. <http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/photographs/slaves.jpg>.

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