By Husnain Sherazi
description
Transcript of By Husnain Sherazi
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Computer Networks
Topological Structures & Network Applications
By
Husnain Sherazi
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NETWORK
A network is defined as a system for connecting computers using a single transmission technology. The computers can communicate with each other in a network. They can send and receive data from each other when they are in a network.
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CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS
Computer networks are classified by four factors which are as follow:
1) BY SIZE2) BY CONNECTIVITY3) BY MEDIUM4) BY MOBILITY
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BY SIZE(1)
1. Local Area Network. (LAN)2. Wide Area Network (WAN)
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BY CONNECTIVITY(2)
a) Point-to-Pointb) Broadcast
In Point-to-Point topology there are two topologies
1) STAR topology2) TREE topology
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Star Topology
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Tree Topology
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BROADCAST
In broadcast topology there are further two categories
1)SATELLITE\RADIO 2) RING TOPOLOGY
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Satellite/Radio
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Ring
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BY MEDIUM(3)
The classification of networks is also based on the Medium of transmission.
Following are the mediums of transmission:
• Copper wire• Co-axial cable• Optical fiber• Radio waves
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BY MOBILITY(4)
The networks are also classified according to their mobility.
In this respect there are two types of networks.
• Fixed networks• Mobile networks
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Uses of Computer Networks
• Business Applications
• Home Applications
• Mobile Users
• Social Issues
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Business Applications of Networks
A network with two clients and one server.
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Business Applications of Networks (2)
The client-server model involves requests and replies.
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Home Network Applications
• Access to remote information
• Person-to-person communication
• Interactive entertainment
• Electronic commerce
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Home Network Applications (2)
In peer-to-peer system there are no fixed clients and servers.
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Home Network Applications (3)
Some forms of e-commerce.
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Mobile Network Users
Combinations of wireless networks and mobile computing.
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Network Hardware
• Body Area Networks
• Home Networks
• Local Area Networks
• Metropolitan Area Networks
• Wide Area Networks
• Wireless Networks
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Broadcast Networks (2)
Classification of interconnected processors by scale.
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Body Area Networks
Monitoring a person in a pervasive electronic health care system, using
(a) a local hub
(b) a continuous wireless connection.
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Local Area Networks
Two broadcast networks(a) Bus(b) Ring
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Metropolitan Area Networks
A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.
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Wide Area Networks
Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.
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Wide Area Networks (2)
A stream of packets from sender to receiver.
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Wireless Networks
Categories of wireless networks:
• System interconnection
• Wireless LANs
• Wireless WANs
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Wireless Networks (2)
(a) Bluetooth configuration(b) Wireless LAN
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Wireless Networks (3)
(a) Individual mobile computers(b) A flying LAN
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Home Network Categories
• Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals• Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3)• Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax)• Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco)• Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).