BY CRISTY OAKESFOR DR. HELMS

INDEPENDENT STUDYMAY 8, 2000

Sociology is a hybrid term

• Socios - Joint, allied or associated• Locus - Study of

Sociology is the study of human associations

PARTNER SELECTION PRACTICES Marriage by capture Marriage by purchase $ May involve a “bride price” or “dowry” Marriage by arrangement Marriage by consent of the principals of conjugal courtshiphttp://www.stolaf.edu/people/leming/soc260fam/questions/inde...

Marriage - A sociallyapproved arrangementin which a family is created

1) Monogamy - Marriageto 1 person at a time(cereal monogamy isseveral marriages ata time)

POLYGAMY - polygandry & polygyny Group - 2 or more men collectively

to 2 or more woman(Hawaii and Polynesia) Monogamy is the most “practiced” type in the world.Polygyny is the most preferred

Unilateral- - Patrilateral traced through the father - Matrilineal traced through the mother - In both cases ignore descent of other parent

Nonunilateral/Bilateral - - lineage is traced through the men (butnot the women) on father’s side or the women (but not the men) on the mother’sside

Biological - Couple can choose where to live

Neolocal - Couple establishes their own home regardless of location of nuclear family

Patriarchial - Family authority is is vested in the man - Most common type in the world Egalitarian - Moral and Legal authority is vested in both the man and

the woman - Also referred to as a democratic

family

Reasons for Poverty Today women are in the work force Family needs more income Economic Changes Making it likely Family changes require more child care

• Single parent family• Women have freedom from income• They can get out of a bad marriage

Males have trouble supportingfamily so they take off, or nevermarry the mother of children b/che knows he will not be able to

afford it People can’t afford daycare;children may get abused, neglected

Kids end up in gangs, giving uscrime, or end up costing usmillions to incarcerate them

William J. Wilson, author of The Truly Disadvantaged, says:

- Gangs are formed out of people in main stream society

- Gang members have lack of training and skills - Engaged in deviant street activity - Long spells of unemployment

Welfare dependent Small fraction of lower class - helps us

understand why gangs of today are different than gangs from before Gang members from underclass are usually

less mature web-dubious.fas.harvard.edu/DuBois/AfroAm/wilson.html

Lack of opportunity People not given

opportunity to get jobs even if qualified

DISCRIMINATIONeliminate discrimination

elimate poverty Laws passed for =OPPORTUNITY, BUT STILL

POVERTY

• Culture of poverty•Poverty is due to particular traitsand attributes of individuals•Attributes are part of the culture of communities•Values and norms passed from 1generation to next•Poor bring it on themselves

Middle class jobs being eliminated Low wage jobs growing Decline in industrial base jobs Rise of service jobs (Why flip burgers when you can make more $

selling drugs and its easier?)

Facing downward social mobility Because of changes in economy

these gang members are worse off than their parents

Explains why gangs of today are different and people don’t mature out of gangs as they did in the past

1) Use of illegal drug, use of crime - logical, more drug use, more crime2) Cost of drugs coupled with addiction - crime way to obtain $ for drugs3) Less feelings of guilt changes in

psychological state4) Spur of moment - No rational thinking, under influence

Complexity of organization - Division of labor; not just 1 person doing deviance - could be a # of people; most have specific knowledge of organization, not very many have whole knowledge- better communication “accidents” against consumers, environement might have happened

Indirect link of organization - elites - ie. Ford Pinto case Iococca didn’t

tell them to build an unsafe car (- We’re talking about white collar

crime by big companies that they are ignorant of, or not really to blame for)

Direct Involvement - which means organizational elite knew and started the crime anyway

Organized Crime vs. Street Crime - more people are hurt at the same time in corporate crime

More serious than street crime