By: Carol Fahringer. I. Americans Choose Independence A. First __________ ________ – formed...
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Transcript of By: Carol Fahringer. I. Americans Choose Independence A. First __________ ________ – formed...
![Page 1: By: Carol Fahringer. I. Americans Choose Independence A. First __________ ________ – formed September 1774 1. Delegates from every colony except ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eaa5503460f94baf73b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
By: Carol Fahringer
![Page 2: By: Carol Fahringer. I. Americans Choose Independence A. First __________ ________ – formed September 1774 1. Delegates from every colony except ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eaa5503460f94baf73b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Americans Choose Independence
A. First __________________ – formed
September 1774
1. Delegates from every colony except ________ meet in___________ .
Georgia
Philadelphia
CongressContinental
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• Refuse to cooperate until the ____________ are stopped
*Agreed to meet in _________
2. Wrote Declaration of Rights – * Asked George III to act as peace maker (rejected idea)
Intolerable Acts
May 1775
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B. Patriot Patrick Henry’s Speech“___________________________”
C. Colonial Dissatisfaction was not about money alone –
* Unhappiness because of lack
of representation and respect
Give me liberty or give me death!
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II. The Battle Begins
• “_________________________” – stated in the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson to describe the Lexington battle.
A. Lexington and Concord, MAThe shot heard round the world
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B. Second Continental Congress– Delegates from all 13 Colonies – meet May
1775– Choose George Washington as Military
Commander
- Wrote Olive Branch Petition • Stated that Americans were loyal
• Insisted armies be removed from the Colonies
• Demanded repeal of the Intolerable Acts
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C. “Common Sense” published by Thomas Paine – Jan. 1776
• Convinced Colonists to seek independence
• Regarded British/American relationship as parent/child
• As the child grows, they need to separate
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III. Declaration of Independence
A. Written by Thomas Jefferson
– John Locke – English philosopher influences ideas
– Abolishment of slavery – edited out
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B. Preamble (introduction) includes:1. Abuse of human rights under British rule
* Rights are from God
(life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
2. Idea that government should be –
– Contract – by people and between people & rulers
C. Statement of Independence
•King George III – tyrant•Familiar idea in America
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IV. Early BattlesA. Fort Ticonderoga –
May 1775
1. Benedict Arnold joins Ethan Allen & Green Mountain Boys of VT
2. Surprise attack the fort
– Gained cannon & artillery
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B. Breeds (Bunker) Hill – June 1775
1. Patriots seized Breeds Hill
2. British General Howe
3. Marched troops up the hill (in formation)
• British win- American supply lines fail
• Americans retreat over Bunker Hill
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C. Canadian Campaign – Fall 1775-Spring 1776
1. Americans Benedict Arnold & Montgomery:
• Travel north in fall-winter
2. Montgomery captures Montreal
3. Americans attack Quebec -(New Years Eve)
* Montgomery killed, Arnold wounded
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V. British Battle Strategy – Move South
* Charleston, SC1. British Gen. Clinton attacks w/navy * Flimsy patriot fort withstands attack2. General Clinton returns to New York
VI. War in the Middle Colonies
A. New York City – August 1776 1. Major city - important for both sides 2. British Generals: Howe & Clinton 3. General George Washington – divides troops
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3. Nathan Hale – Spies – guilty of treason* Hanged – saying
“_________________________________________ “4. Washington & troops retreat
B. Thomas Paine writes American Crisis
“___________________________________________”
* Urges support of the American
army
These are the times that try men’s souls…
I only regret that
I have but one life to lose for my country.
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C. Trenton, NJ1. City held by Hessian soldiers
(British mercenaries)
2. Washington chooses Dec. 26 to attack
a. Men rowed across Delaware River
b. Attack early morning - Hessian’s sleepy
c. No American Casualties – boosts morale
3. British driven from New Jersey
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D. Albany Campaign – February 1777
1. Hudson River was the most important river
2. British Strategy – Isolate New England -Meet at Albany:
• British Generals Howe, Burgoyne and St. Ledger
• Plan to join forces and control the Hudson River
3. Failed because of poor planning – Burgoyne continues alone
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E. Battle of Saratoga – Begins October 7,
1777 1. Two battles at Freedman’s farm2. Americans Gates & Arnold fight with
Daniel Morgan's riflemen3. Against “Gentlemen Johnny” Burgoyne 4. October 17, 1777 Burgoyne surrenders
***A turning point in the war!
– And as a result…
F. France enters the war officially
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G. Valley Forge – Winter 1777-1778
* from disease or the cold
b. Not enough food or shelter – supply lines break down
c. German General Von Steuben trains Soldiers
- strict disciplinarian
1. British General Howe parties in Philadelphia2. General Washington & troops suffering –
20 mi. awaya. 2,400 American troops die
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H. Monmouth Court House – June 17781. British General Clinton abandons Philadelphia
* New York City to be strategic stronghold
2. Blistering hot day – 95-100 degrees
• Mary Ludwig
Hays (McCauley) brings water to troops.• Known later as “Molly Pitcher”
3. Largest land battle of the war.
• Washington’s finest hour – encourages men
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VII. War Ends in the South
A. Frontier Fighting (1778-1779)
1. Motivation: expansion of western land * Ohio Valley & Illinois region * Local Indians sided with British 2. Lt. Colonel George Rogers Clark leads (VA frontier fighter)
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B. Southern Colonies (states)
1. Charleston, SC – February 1780
a. British General Clinton attacks
b. Revenge for earlier loss –
* prisoners not allowed regimental colors or music
2. “No Quarter” Tarleton – ordered by Cornwallis
• Overpowers & massacres 1,200 fleeing soldiers
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3. Kings Mountain, SC – October 1780
a. Local militia fiercely fight (seeking revenge)b. Loyalist Battalions lose–American officers don’t allow
massacrec. First substantial American win in
South
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4. Cowpens – January 1781
a. American Leaders: Daniel Morgan (army) & Colonel William
Washington (Cavalry)
»Use deceptive battle strategy
b. Fight - “No Quarter” Tarleton (he barely escapes)
c. 1 Hr. fighting – Americans win!
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VIII. The Final Battle
A. Yorktown, VA – October 17811. British General Cornwallis – at
Yorktown peninsula
2. Washington, Lafayette & Rochambeau’s strategy:
– American troops to VA– French Navy – Admiral deGrasse will
blockade
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3. British strategy Cornwallis trapped – so Clinton’s navy will rescue (fails) – British are cut off!
4. Cornwallis surrenders Oct. 17 – American’s win!
***Fighting has ended - but there is still war…
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IX. PeaceA. Treaty of Paris
– signed November 1783
B. American Negotiators:
* John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin
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C. Terms of treaty:
1. Recognized independence for the 13 colonies
2. Remove all troops as soon as possible
3. Gained fishing rights off the Canadian coast
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4. Land settlement:
a. 13 colonies
b. Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River
c. Land doesn’t include Canada or Florida
D. American Revolution lasted __ years __ years of fighting and __ years of Treaty negotiation.
86 2
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