By: Brianna Burgess 7 th period
description
Transcript of By: Brianna Burgess 7 th period
By: Brianna BurgessBy: Brianna Burgess
77thth period period
Where did the Apache live?Where did the Apache live?
Southern New Mexico, Arizona, Southern New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, Colorado, and also western Texas, Colorado, and also ranging over parts of northern Mexicoranging over parts of northern Mexico
Occupied mountains and plains in Occupied mountains and plains in these areasthese areas
Area inhabitedArea inhabited
ChiricahuasChiricahuas
Originated from Northwestern corner of North America
- Broke away from Athabascan tribe of Canada
- Migrated south as early as 850 C.E.
Spanish invaded in late 1500s
- brought the horse
Comanche pushed them south in 1700s
- losing buffalo, began raiding to survive
Indian wars of 1848
Put on reservations in 1868-1886
Chief Geronimo died as a prisoner of war in 1909
Migrating Indians
Wikiup~ the most common shelter
-Made of brush, twigs, mud, & reed mats
-fire pit and place for chimney
Nomadic, so didn’t need permanent housing
Plains Apache lived in buckskin tepees
Hogans were used in the desert to keep the heat out
- Burnt down when switching camps
Survived on hunting buffalo 35-40% diet was meat 60-65% diet was of wild plants
Didn’t fish, eat fish, or eat pork -thought they resembled evil animals
limited farming~ corn, beans, squash
Men ~ Deerskin shirt, loin-cloth, leggings, moccasins,
Attractive headdresses with symbolic ornamentation
Women ~ Short deerskin skirt, shirt, and high-top boot moccasins
Both were fond of wearing beaded necklaces & earrings
http://www.posttexas.com/tribaldressgif.gif
Beaded moccasins
T R A D ET R A D E
Spanish invaded in 1500s disrupting trade
- Brought the horse
- hostilities increased when New Mexico became Spanish
colony in 1598
Traded buffalo hides, tallow & meat, salt, bones for
scraping hides …
Received pottery, cotton, blankets, turquoise, corn …
Traded with neighboring tribes
Began to rely on raiding for food and other goods
**LanguageLanguage**
Spoke Athabascan
- Subgroups spoke different dialects
What did the Apache speak?
Western Apache
English
Licha`nee
Ya`ai
Tu`
Izdz`an
Ndee`n
dog
sun
water
Woman
Man
Da go Te` means Hello
Apache comes from Zuni word
meaning “enemy” and “fighting men”
Economy
Nomadic hunters-gatherers
-Hunted large & small game
- gathered berries & roots
- survived on wild plants
cacti fruits, yucca plants, mesquite tree
How did the Apache get around?
Spanish brought horses in 1500
- Apache raided their settlements and stole horses
had dogs but traveled mostly by horseback
Tools- tweezers of tin, fine baskets, pottery, farming tools
Weapons- bayonets, bow & arrows, shields, war clubs, sling-shots
- arrow tips made of obsidian and other rocks
Men-warriors, hunters, leaders, religious leaders, they buried the dead …etc.
- they were too worthy to farm Women-Farmed, gathered berries & roots, took care of family, housework, cooking … etc.
- women were extremely important
Apache bride
Had Shaman & Medicine Men
- Chief Geronimo was a famous Medicine Man and Shaman
Very Religious but it was nothing too formal
Worshiped Ussen- Creator of Life, Ga’ns- mountain spirits, and other spirits
Had many ceremonial dances:
- harvest dance, crop dance, girl’s puberty right dance, rain dance, Ga’ns dance & many more
Had many ceremonial dances
- music was sung only by tones not words
- told stories at ceremonies
Art
Painted faces brilliant colors
fine basketry
impressive beadwork
Festivals
Was a chiefdom with 6 smaller bands
- had a temporary chief, headman, headwomen
- a few leaders: Cochise, Victorio, Geronimo
Social units based on extended family
-western apache were matrilineal
- other groups traced descent through both
parents
- Polygamy was practiced by the men
Geronimo
About 5,000 Apaches in 1680
War/Peace/
War/Peace/
CultureCulture Indians wars of 1848
~constant war with U.S. government & the “white man” – also Mexicans
~ leaders chose by leadership abilities & exploits in war
Engaged in fierce wars with government until all Apache tribes were put onto reservations
- most were on reservations by 1868 except Chiricahua- 1886
Apache warriors
Only peaceful with own tribe & family
Credits/Bibliography
http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/indiansmigrating.sm.jpghttp://www.nmmagazine.com/IMAGES/mckinn.jpghttp://z.about.com/d/beadwork/1/0/-/e/1/fall_leaves_blog.jpghttp://www.bigtimbercreek.org/fish_wh_perch.jpghttp://www.rarebreeds.co.nz/spanish1.jpghttp://www.myphototricks.com/uploaded_images/cactus2-783129.jpghttp://www.crystalinks.com/apache.html http://www.score.rims.k12.ca.ushttp://www.spiritconnectionstore.comhttp://www.impurplehawk.com/apache.html http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/apache/apachehist.htm http://www.indians.org/welker/origanim.htm http://www.texasindians.com/apach.htm http://www.sonofthesouth.net/american-indians/apache.htm