Acetone, butanol, and ethanol production from algae biomass using
Butanol production using ethanol
Transcript of Butanol production using ethanol
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Butanol production using ethanolas feedstock in a sugarcane biorefinery
ISAF
20thInternational Symposium on Alcohol Fuels
Antonio BonomiCentro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais CNPEM
Laboratrio Nacional de Cincia e Tecnologia do Bioetanol CTBE
Spier Estate, South Africa, March 2013
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VSB Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery
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Butanol production from sugarcane
Sugarcane
Bagasse
Sucrose Ethanol
ButanolABE
Butanolcatalysis
2G Ethanol
Sucrochemistry X Alcoholchemistry routes
2G ButanolABE
Butanolcatalysis
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ABE Acetone Butanol Ethanol fermentation process
Mostly studied process
Conventional microorganism strains:
Low productivity
Low butanol concentration in the reactor
Product inhibition
Engineered strains
Hyper-butanol producers
Use of integrated reaction-separation process
Vacuum extractive fermentation significantly reduces energyconsumption
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Use of catalysts hydroxyapatite, hydrotalcites, etc forethanol conversion into hydrocarbons
Other important products: 2-ethyl-butanol, hexanol,butenol, 2-ethyl-hexanol, octanol, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene
Co-product: mixed alcohols (mixture of hydrocarbonsheavier than butanol), may be used as fuel or asfeedstock
Alcoholchemistry production of butanol from ethanol
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Simulation of a sugarcane biorefinery for production of
ethanol, sugar, electricity and butanol
Annexed 50/50 distillery500 t sugarcane/h
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Hydroxyapatite catalyst for butanol production
vapor-phase catalysis
20% ethanol conversion69.8% butanol selectivity
Reaction conditions:298 C1.78 s1 bar
Tsuchida et al., Journal of Catalysis 2008, 259, 183-189
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Ni/Al2O3catalyst for butanol production liquid-
phase catalysis
25% ethanol conversion80% butanol selectivity
Reaction conditions:250 C
72 h70 bar
Riittonen et al., Catalysts2012, 2, 68-84
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Hexanol
Products
Reactor 1
Reactor 2
Reactor 3
Reactor 4
Reactor 5
Reactor 6
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
ButanolMixed alcohols
Purification
Reactors scheme
Liquid phase catalysis
Vapor-phase catalysis
Series-parallelReactorEthanol
Ethanol
ButanolPurification
Vapor-phase catalysis
Single reactor
Mixed alcohols
ReactorEthanol
Ethanol
ButanolPurification
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Technical results
Steam consumption: 7.5 22.4 12.0(Butanol Plant:kg steam/L butanol)
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Equipment: Packed bed reactor
Distillation columns
Absorption columns Heat exchangers
Investment estimate butanol plant
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Product Price Unity
Anhydrous ethanol1 0.66 US$/LHydrated ethanol1 0.59 US$/LVVHP Sugar1 0.48 US$/kg
Electricity2 60.98 US$/MWhSugarcane3 27.26 US$/tSugarcane trash 18.29 US$/tButanol (fuel) 1.03 US$/kgButanol (chemical)4 1.65 US$/kgMixed alcohols 0.91 US$/L
Hexanol5 3.29 US$/kg1Six-years moving average prices (jan2002-dec2011) (CEPEA,2012)2 Weighted average of auction based on energy from sugarcanebagasse between 2005 and 2011 (2011 value)3 Six-years moving average prices (jan2002-dec2011) (UDOP,2012)
4 Mariano et al., 20125 ICIS, 2012
PricesInvestment estimate
Annexed distillery
Total investment US$ 180 million
(US$ 85/TC - UNICA)
Item InvestmentFraction
(%)
Equipment 60
Electromechanical set-up 7
Civil works 13
Electrical installations 8
Instrumentation 2
Engineering, services, etc 10
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Results economic analysis
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Results economic analysis
Sensitivity
butanol price
Chemical price: 2011 sale price of butanol in Brazil.
Fuel price: proportional to anhydrous ethanol fuel price in 2011 in Brazil (LHV basis).
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Results life cycle analysisComparison with petrochemical butanol
ADP: abiotic depletion; AP: acidification; EP: eutrophication; GWP: global warming; ODP: ozonelayer depletion; HTP: human toxicity; FAWET: fresh water aquatic toxicity; MAET: marine aquaticecotoxicity; TET: terrestrial ecotoxicity; POP: photochemical oxidation.
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Results life cycle analysisImpacts scores per kilometer for dedicated and flex vehicles: butanol(vapor-phase catalysis), ethanol 1G and gasoline
Efficiency of engines (fleet average):flex (2.74 MJ/km)gasoline (3.46 MJ/km)ethanol (3.09 MJ/km)
Energy content of fuels:hydrated ethanol (26.38 MJ/kg)gasoline C (43.54 MJ/kg)
butanol (34.32 MJ/kg)
Transport: 300 km
Emissions for each type of fuel: CO2, CH4, CO, NOx,
RCHO, NMVOC, MP
Offshore
Imported
Onshore
Refinery Biorefinery
Crude oil
Imported
Gasoline Storage Storage
Sugarcane
Distribution
Use
Transport
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Results life cycle analysisImpacts scores per kilometer for dedicated and flex vehicles: butanol(vapor-phase catalysis), ethanol 1G and gasoline
0%
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Butanol
Flex
Butanol
dedicated
Ethanol
Flex
Ethanol
dedicated
Gasoline
dedicated
Gasoline
Flex
Global Warming Eutrophication
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Final remarks
IRR of the process with vapor-phase catalysis in series ofreactors is similar to the annexed distillery, consideringbutanol sale in the current chemical market
For butanol fuel, investment in the butanol plant must bedecreased for the process to be competitive Increase in butanol price due to its renewable origin will
significantly improve IRR Most of the impacts of butanol production are related with
the agricultural stage of sugarcane cultivation Further studies, regarding the use of catalysts in industrial
scale, are required
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Thank you
Marina O.S. DiasLucas G. Pereira
Tassia L. JunqueiraLucas G. Pavanello
Mateus F. ChagasOtvio Cavalett
Rubens Maciel Filho
Antonio Bonomi