Business Process Management Lecture 2: Essential Process Modelling in BPMN
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Transcript of Business Process Management Lecture 2: Essential Process Modelling in BPMN
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Business Process Management
Lecture 2: Essential Process Modelling in BPMN
Marlon Dumas
University of Tartu
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Business Process Lifecycle
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Purposes of Process Modeling
Business-level Models
Communication, simulation,
activity-based costing…
ProcessImplementation
ProcessAnalysis & Design
Process Enactment & Monitoring
Process Evaluation
“TO BE”Process Models
Exe
cuta
ble
P
roce
ss M
od
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Mea
sure
s fo
r Im
pro
vem
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Process Metrics
OrganizationalAnalysis
Tar
get V
alue
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“AS IS”Process Models
Detailed Models including
Data types, conditions, data mappings, fault
handling…
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Business Process Modeling Notation(BPMN)
• OMG Standard (nowadays version 2.0)• Both for business-oriented and executable models• Supported by a wide range of tools, e.g.
– Bizagi Process Modeller (free)– Signavio (http://www.signavio.com/) - SaaS– Oracle BPA – “kind of free”– ARIS – very sophisticated, the opposite of free– Logizian– MS Visio– Paper and pen! - No excuse not to start
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BPMN from 10 000 miles…
• A BPMN process model is a graph consisting of four types of elements (among others):
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Order Management Process in BPMNFirst Try
Check stock availability
Reject order
Confirm order
Send invoice
Ship goods
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A little bit more on Gateways …
• Exclusive Decision (XOR-split) / Merge (XOR-join)– Indicates locations within a business process where the
sequence flow can take two or more alternative paths.– Only one of the paths can be taken.– Depicted by a diamond shape that may contain a marker
that is shaped like an “X”.
• Parallel Fork (AND-split) / Join (AND-join)– Provide a mechanism to synchronize parallel flow and to
create parallel flow.– Depicted by a diamond shape that must contain a
marker that is shaped like a plus sign.
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Revised Order Management Process
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Beware: Beginner’s Mistake…
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When a claim is received, we first check if the claimant has a valid insurance policy. If not, the claim is rejected and the claimant is informed.
Otherwise, we assess the severity of the claim. Based on the outcome (simple or complex claim), we send the corresponding form to the claimant.
Once the form is returned, we check it for completeness.
If the form is complete, we register the claim in the Claims Management system and the evaluation of the claim may start.
Otherwise, we ask the claimant to update the form. When we receive the updated forms, we check them again and continue.
BPMN Exercise:Simplified Insurance Claim Registration
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Guidelines: Naming Conventions
1. Give a name to every event and task2. For tasks: verb followed by business object
name and possibly complement– Issue Driver Licence, Renew Licence via Agency
3. For message events: object + past participle– Invoice received, Claim settled
4. Avoid generic verbs such as Handle, Record…5. Label each XOR-split with a condition
– Policy is invalid, Claim is inadmissible
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Poll: Which model do you prefer?
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One more guideline…
• Model in blocks– Pair up each AND-split with an AND-join and each
XOR-split with a XOR-join, whenever possible– Exception: sometimes a XOS-split leads to two end
events – different outcomes (cf. order management example)
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When?
FlowsGateways
Which?
Data / Materials
What?
TasksEvents
Who?Organization
Process Modelling Viewpoints
Lanes &Pools
Data Objects, Stores
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Organizational Modelling in BPMN
• Pools – Independent organizational entities, e.g. • Customer, Supplier, East-Tallinn Hospital, South
Eastern Clinic
• Lanes – Classes of resources within the same organizational and collaboration space
• Sales Department, Marketing Department• Roles: Clerk, Manager, Engineer
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Running Example with Pools and Lanes
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BPMN Exercise: Lanes, Pools
• Claims Handling process at a car insurerA customer submits a claim by sending in relevant documentation. The Customer Service department checks the documents for completeness and registers the claim. The Claims Handling department picks up the claim and first checks the insurance policy. Then, an assessment is performed. If the assessment is positive, a garage is phoned to authorise the repairs and the payment is scheduled (in this order). In any case (whether the outcome is positive or negative), an e-mail is sent to the customer to notify the outcome.
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Data in BPMN
• Data Objects: logical data units required, created or modified by activities.– Input and output of a process activity
• Data stores: containers of data objects that need be persisted beyond the duration of a process instance
• Associations are used to link artifacts such as data objects and data stores with flow objects (e.g. activities).
Data Object
Directed association
Undirected association
Data Store
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Running Example with Data Object
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When a claim related to a major car accident is evaluated, a clerk first retrieves the corresponding car accident report from the Police Reports database. If the report is retrieved, it is attached to the claim file. The claim file and the police report serve as input to a claims handler who calculates an initial claim estimate. Then, an “action plan” is created based on a “checklist”. Based on the action plan and the initial claims estimate, a claims manager negotiates a settlement with the customer. After this negotiation, the claims manager makes a final decision, updates the claim file to record this decision, and sends a letter to the claimant to inform him/her of the decision.
Please depict all relevant documents in the model.
BPMN Exercise 3: Artifacts
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BPMN Main Elements - Recap
Flow Elements
Gateway
Event
Activity
Connections
Message
Flow
Association
ArtifactsText Annotation
Data Object
Swimlanes
Poo
l
La
ne
Data Store
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BPMN Flow Elements – Recap
Start Event Task
AND-Split
AND-Join
End Event Flow
XOR MergeXOR-Decision
c
~c
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What’s wrong with this model?
X
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BPMN Gateways
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Example: OR gateways
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How can we fix this model?
X
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Exercise
Model the following fragment using OR gateways:
When a claim is received, it is registered. After registration, the claim is classified leading to two possible outcomes: simple or complex. If the claim is simple, the policy is checked. For complex claims, both the policy and the damage are checked independently.
Check also the self-test quiz available at: http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=essentials-of-process-modeling