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![Page 1: Business Culture in Canada and the US: Convergence or Divergence Derek Matthews Norwegian School of Management, BI Department of Culture, Communication.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649e635503460f94b5f6ea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Business Culture in Canada and the US: Convergence or Divergence
Derek MatthewsNorwegian School of Management, BI
Department of Culture, Communication and Languages
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This is the transcript of an ACTUAL radio conversation of a US naval ship with Canadian authorities off the coast of Newfoundland in October, 1995. Radio conversation released by the Chief of Naval Operations.
Americans: Please divert your course 15 degrees to the North to avoid a collision.Canadians: Recommend you divert YOUR course 15 degrees to the South to
avoid a collision.Americans: This is the Captain of a US Navy ship. I say again, divert your course.Canadians: No. I say again, you divert YOUR course.Americans: THIS IS THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER USS LINCOLN, THE SECOND
LARGEST SHIP IN THE UNITED STATES' ATLANTIC FLEET. WE ARE ACCOMPANIED BY THREE DESTROYERS, THREE CRUISERS AND NUMEROUS SUPPORT VESSELS. I DEMAND THAT YOU CHANGE YOUR COURSE 15 DEGREES NORTH, THAT'S ONE FIVE DEGREES NORTH, OR COUNTER-MEASURES WILL BE UNDERTAKEN TO INSURE THE SAFETYOF THIS SHIP.
Canadians: This is a lighthouse. It's your call.
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Canadian & US Business Cultures
Historical paths Revolution and counterrevolution Literature, myths & symbols Business culture: a few gurus Convergence or divergence
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Historical Paths
1607 Jamestown 1776 -1791
Declaration and War of Independence
Constitution, B of R
1861-65 Civil War
1608 Québec 1774 Québec Act
GBr solves a crisis
1780’s Loyalists Piecemeal progress
1791, 1840
July 1, 1867 protectionism
1982 Patriation
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Revolution vs Counterrevolution*
Law and deviance Economy Centre and periphery Stratification Can / US Identity Literature & Myths
* Seymour Martin Lipset, 1990
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Literature & Myths: a little story*
Oedipus
Telemachus
Literature The frontier, rebel, extrovert Survival, victim, introvert
*Russel Brown 1979
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x
American symbols
“Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness”
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Canadian Symbols
“Peace, Order and Good Government”
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Revolution vs Counterrevolution
Rebellion Individualism Independence Self-reliance Self-confidence Freedom Decisiveness Control of destiny
Counter-rebellion Deference Dependence Reliance Caution London calls the shots Divisiveness (Fr/Eng) Survival
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Geert Hofstede: 4 dimensions Individualism vs Collectivism
self-interest vs group interest/loyalty Power distance
High= respect for authority, inequality, distance Masculine / Feminine
M: tough, competitive, gender inequality Uncertainty Avoidance
High: avoid ambiguity, systematic, predictable
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Findings: Hofstede Similarities
Individualism: 1 US, 2 Aust, 3 UK, 4 Can Power Distance: Low - 38 US, 39 Can Uncertainty Avoidance: Low - 42 Can, 43 US
(Differences) Masculine: High - 15 US, 24 Can
Observations Ind: rights & merit (US) vs merit (Can) Power distance:? Masc: US - long hours, live to work
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Fons Trompenaars: 6 of 7 dimensions
Universalism vs Particularism Affective vs Neutral Specific vs Diffuse Achievement vs Ascriptive orientation Sequential vs Synchronic Inner vs Outer-directed
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Findings: Trompenaars
Similarities Universalist (follow the rules/equal treatment) Achievement-oriented (US), Specific (US),
Affective (US), Inner-directed (US) Observations
Can more universalist (respect vs the law) US: achievers, more expressive, captains of
their own fate
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Richard Gesteland
Similarities deal-focused, direct, informal, time-conscious,
egalitarian
Differences Canadians: less expressive, less assertive,
slightly more formal and conservative, not as time-obsessed
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Compared to Americans Canadians are
less authoritative less decisive less assertive less nationalistic less gun happy
Canadians show more respect for authority more caution more reserve more modesty more conservatism
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Convergence: Do we have a choice? American influence
Economy US ownership, FTA (’89)/NAFTA (’94)
Politics Charter of Rights & Freedoms Pressure to conform (eg Customs & Immigration)
Culture Americanization, Media
Longest border “Brain drain” - many go
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Convergence: Do we have a choice?
Neil Nevitte “Decline of Deference” (1996) World Values Survey (1981- 90) in Europe & NA Political, economic and social orientations
12/12 Rise in: principle of tolerance, support for meritocracy, pride in
work, interest in politics, egalitarian spousal relations, egalitarian parent/ch relations
Can/US: same direction - 22/25 dimensions except church attendance & job/financial satisfaction Canada led on 16 of 22 13 parallel, 6 converge, 6 diverge
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Divergence? Economy
strong gov’t, universal health, welfare state Politics
different system Canada for: nuclear test ban treaty, anti-landmine,
Kyoto, Int’l Criminal Court, banning biological weapons, remaining in Bosnia . . .
“Brain drain” many stay, many come