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NAME: JAMES TSYOKPLO

COURSE: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

STUDENT ID: UB27255BBU35762

September, 2013

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TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

1. Facing today‟s Communication Challenges……………………………..5

a. Elements of Communication………………………………………………9

2. Business Communication…………………………………………………12

a. Internal Communication……………………………………………………12

b. External Communication…………………………………………………...15

3. Writing for Business Audience…………………………………………….18

a. The Writing Process…………………………………………………………20

4. Ways To Correspond At Work…………………………………………….22

a. Email…………………………………………………………………………22

b. Memorandum……………………………………………………………….24

c. Routine Letters and Goodwill Messages…………………………………25

d. Persuasive Messages……………………………………………………...26

e. Negative Message………………………………………………………….27

f. Business Reports And Proposal…………………………………………28

a. Informal report………………………………………………………….28

b. Informal proposal………………………………………………………28

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………29

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..30

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INTRODUCTION

Business Communication is an important element in the life of businesses that

aim to achieve greater result in the overall set out objective in an organization.

Communication has been thoroughly investigated and expatiated in this essay to

underscore the need for its relevance in the contemporary business set ups.

Effective communication is a rock upon which every structure in the organization

must endeavour to employ to pave way to proper human relations, team work

and overall management of essential information among the various strata in the

organization.

The challenges that face today‟s communication in our organization and the

significant relevance in the need to pay heed to it becomes a point of attention

around the economic world. This space shall explore the various challenges and

how they characterized our increasing quest to promote good interpersonal

relations by acknowledging and appreciating the myriad culture that is found

within multicultural/multinational organizations.

The various appropriate media available in the dissemination of information

among people either internally or externally have been dealt with and the core

alibi in the choice of the appropriate medium is vividly discussed. The public is

the eye of businesses and the important role they play in the organizational circle

is imperative in the development of sustainable system that relate with them

successfully using the innovative communication skill.

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This topic shall also expound appropriate oral and writing skills for audience

consumption and how special attention needs to be paid in the use of words that

attract intended feedback.

Further to this, the focus shall be to uncover the correct business messages and

how they are structured through proof reading and proper revision before it is

extended for public/associate‟s consumption to receive the intended result.

The reader shall also be taken through email etiquette and memorandum writing

that suits the business operations.

It‟s also important to add that comprehensive approach to a general

communication and codes that help translate good understanding between

various people from different background in an organization would be explained

to cover the verbal, non verbal, written and other important forms that can aid a

speaker to convey his or her intended message effectively.

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1. FACING TODAY’S COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES

Communication is an effective tool in a business organization that ensures

coherent and harmonious cooperation among both the employees and the

employer and all other stakeholders.

A bad communication can cause antagonism and rancor among people if not

handle properly in an organization. Chaos, disloyalty, misunderstanding, rumor

could also be the order of the day if communication is not handled properly

among the various workers in the business environment and every part of our

human Endeavour.

Various definitions evolved among experts of the communication relating their

background to different issues in the world of life (Business, politics, economics,

social etc) and ideas are still evolving as to what constitute communication.

There is some school of thought that argues communication is one way,

stemming from a sender of information whilst another school of thought disagree

and based the argument on two-way end.

The first school of thought shares certain basic elements in communication with

the latter but extrinsically argues that, the processing of the information by the

receiver should not form part of the definition of communication since the sender

sends the information, the receiver decides to decode that information based on

his or her acquaintance on that subject.

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In as much as I agree with the first school of thought to some point I believe, the

second idea is much appreciable and elaborate enough to inculcate features

necessary to score both academic and intellectual point.

Before I expand the idea of communication to suit the business context let me

quickly acknowledge what „Wikipedia-The free Encyclopedia) has to say about

communication.

Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share") is the activity of

conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or

information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior with microwaves.

It is the meaningful exchange of information between two groups of living

creatures. Pragmatics defines communication as any sign-mediated interaction

that follows combinatorial, context-specific and content-coherent rules.

Communicative competence designates the capability to install inter-subjective

interactions, which means that communication is an inherent social interaction.

One definition of communication is “any act by which one person gives to or

receives from another person information about that person's needs, desires,

perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or

unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take

linguistic or non-linguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes.”

From the above definition we can come into a conclusion that communication is

beyond one person‟s persuasion of information but rather a social interaction that

enable responsibility from another to act on the shared idea, information, thought

or suggestion.

Communication process is hence complete if the recipient understood what the

sender intends or meant. In this process of understanding the intention of the

sender on the encoded message, the receiver comes into numerous state of

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discretion based on his or her culture, intelligence, capacity, religious, social and

economic interpretations; these factors affect his/her ability to comprehend the

information communicated to him or her.

Culture

A good communicator must be able to incorporate the cultural background during

the encoding stage of his message. Certain cultural factors impedes and

intentional understanding of messages that are put across by people basically

because of the unique understanding of some people perhaps based on their

attachment to certain cultural settings. The moral upbringing of people could

affect the way they understand issues.

A typical instance is when an American makes a statement like ‘it would be

stupid on our side to ignore this project’ this remarks may be due to the

understanding of the word „stupid‟ and how it is used most time in our social

settings. An American who may just be looking at the real meaning of the word

stupid as „unintelligent‟ may have offended a lot of Africans present during the

pronouncement since such word is used only in a heated circumstances as

invective. Whilst the prime reason which ought to persuade the listeners to

accept the idea of pursuing the project, the original intention may be lost inviting

different understanding due to the commonality of the word as an insult among

some people.

The cultural background of people impact on their understanding of spoken

languages hence making the process of communication distorted. Most often, the

process is incomplete for an unimaginable period of time and when this happens,

the message refuses to cure or cause the change it is supposed to cause.

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Religious/Moral/ and Economic background can also affect the cycle of

communication to be incomplete hence the choice of word of the sender must be

determined by the receivers background in the aforementioned areas to enable

consensus building among people.

Like any other discipline, communication is considered effective upon various

reasons subject to the responds from the recipient.

Effective communication occurs when the desired result of the intended/ encoded

message is achieved. There are various reasons why people communicate.

Among the numerous reasons are

a. To exchange an idea acceptable enough to elicit change among people

b. To order or command a specific action

c. To motivate and encourage people

d. To persuade and generate action

e. To inform and educate

f. To sell and promote

g. To negotiate for better condition of service and remuneration

h. To embark on legal battle in court and other quasi judicial systems

i. To defend and protect self image against defamers etc

Until these effects takes place during or after a conversation, communication

cannot be said to be effective. This is the more reason why mastering

communication skills are imperative to our quest for survival as humans.

Developing communication skills is critical to job placement, career

advancement, job performance and the overall organizational success.

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a. Elements of Communication

Communication has basic elements that must be completed to ensure it

effectiveness. This could also be referred to as communication cycles.

Below is the cycle:

Sender Encodes Message Channel Receiver

Decodes Noise Feedback

Sender

The sender in the cycle is the instigator of the ideas and the source of

information needed to be transferred for a purpose. The sender has the authority

over the information he/she wishes to transmit to the receiver therefore decide

the method or channel or medium to use.

Encoding

The encoding stage is a very important stage that the sender engages in the

organization of his or her thought to appropriately relay information at his or her

disposal. At this stage, the sender considers certain factors such as the right

medium, process and appropriate structures needed to control the message. It

involves converting thoughts into either written or spoken words; translating

thoughts into codes that could be understood by the recipient.

Message

The message is the information the sender is willing to transfer to the receiver.

The composed thought into written or verbal form defines the message.

Channel

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The channel to use for communicating a particular message is determined by

certain factors. The sender must consider the importance of the message and

how secure it is if disseminated using a specific channel. There are various

channels that information can be passed. There are written, oral or verbal, non-

verbal.

Written – letters, emails, memo etc

Oral or Verbal - face to face conversation, telephone etc

Non- verbal - sign languages, facial expressions etc

Receiver

The receiver is the person with whom the message finally settles. The one who

the message was intended for is the receiver.

Noise

Noise is simply anything that interferes with a message and hence prevents the

listener from understanding the message. This could either be physical,

physiological, psychology, semantic.

Physical Noise:

Physical noise is external to the speaker and listener. It includes things such as

the sounds of road construction outside your window that make it difficult to hear

what is being said.

Psychological Noise:

Psychological noise is mental interference that prevents you from listening. If

your mind is wandering when someone is speaking to you, the noise in your

head is preventing communication.

Physiological Noise:

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Physiological noise is any physiological issue that interferes with communication.

If you encounter any severe illness in your body system especially your head, it

prevents you from concentrating on what people are saying since your attention

may shift from the speakers. For example, if you have a migraine, it may be

difficult to speak to others or listen to them when they speak to you.

Semantic Noise:

Semantic noise occurs when there is no shared meaning in a communication.

This often occurs when someone is dealing with medical professionals, lawyers,

scientists or others who use terminology that lay people may not understand.

People of the same background in education, culture, and social understand

themselves than another person from different background.

Feedback

Feedback is an important indication of the understandability of a message. The

recipient comment on the message depicts his knowledge being shared by the

sender in the communication process.

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2. Business Communication

Having looked at how important communication is, every institution is left with no

option than to acknowledge the essential roles communication plays in the

service to mankind and having a better deal with it only improve the well being of

the society.

Businesses have unique strategies upon which communication strives and it is

only vital the ideals are modernized time by time to suit the current business

adventure by the use of ICT equipment.

Businesses communicate effectively by employing the tactics available under the

circumstance of modern technology to achieve the organizational objective.

There are various tools that are at the disposal of different organization to

process information, however, the choice depend upon the intention and the

desired result.

Business Communication encompasses advertising, public relations, human

relations, brand management, marketing, customer relations, consumer behavior

etc. a good communication skills is able to inform the public about the existence

of business, hence its mission and vision sold to the public.

Communication is either internal or external in the business setup.

a. Internal Communication

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Internal Communication operates within the organization among the employer-

employee, manager-subordinate, staff-staff etc.

Illustration: 1

Employer

Employer

Employee Employee

Employee Employee

Illustration 1a

To employ

To instruct or direct or order

To induce explanation

To inspire and motivate

To re-communicate vision and mission

Illustration 1b

A

c

b

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To share ideas

To propagate or distribute rumor or gossip

To inform

Illustration 1c

To report or submit

To suggest ideas or innovations

To request favors/improve remuneration/better working conditions

Illustration 2

Manager Manager

Subordinate Subordinate

Subordinate Subordinate

Illustration 2a

To supervise or administer through motivating

To assign responsibilities to staff

To correct wrong impressions

To reprimand

To reinforce shareholders policies

a

b

c

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Illustration 2b

To share ideas

To propagate or distribute rumor or gossip

To inform

Illustration 2c

To report or submit

To suggest ideas or innovations

To encourage during hard business times

This illustrations have demonstrated the numerous impart of communication in

an organization. Most importantly, there cannot be progress without these many

core exchanges in the business, hence internal communication is the lifeblood of

every organization due to its capacity to drive home the demand of the overall

objective of the business.

b. External Communication

External Communication otherwise refers to the exchange of information

between an individual or group in organization with a person or group outside an

organization. These outsiders could the shareholders, investors, customers,

suppliers etc.

An effective External communication enables the organization to have proper

bargain with suppliers and other interest groups hence value for money.

Coming back to the topic „facing today‟s communication challenges‟ I resolve to

accept that, there are numerous factors that account to that.

Taking my own financial institution as a case study

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The prime job my organization engages in is giving credit facilities to Government

workers in a form of loan.

Most people within the bracket accesses this facility to enable them pay their

wards school fees, medical bills, buy land or properties, and embark on building

projects and myriad of other vital essentials of life.

Over the years, we have tried possible measures to offer excellent and quick

service which the banks cannot offer due to the prerequisite for these facilities.

The national operations are always employing promotions that could encourage

our client to direct their entire quest for financial assistance to our office.

In spite of all our effort to ensure effective service delivery, there has been one or

more occasion which a lot of argument have arisen as a result of ineffective

communication strategy adopted by management. Rumour normally becomes

source of information giving way to fear and panic which most times deter a lot of

employees to give of their best and or constructively criticize certain policies

which the grassroots believe would endanger and scare off clients.

One among the numerous startling communication lapses that is worthy of note

is a promotion for our clients dubbed “FORTUNE 5000000” which basically

implies that, any clients within the period of August to September 10th, who would

access a credit facility of GH₡1000.00 and above would be given a bonus of

GH₡100.00 as bonus. The term and condition for this offer is for the client to

present a flier that was made purposely for this promotion.

When the message finally hit the mail for all the branch officials, many

understanding popped up with regard to this offer and the level of obscurity it has

created in the minds of the sales managers rendered the promotion partially in-

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executable largely because of the fact that, the message lack clarity and created

a fall short of intellectual reasoning among the entire branches.

Some branches who had a good personal and unofficial relationship with the

Chairman of the promotion found out through oral communication (telephone)

and therefore were able to understand the intent and hence enjoy the promotion

by making their clients partake in such never-happen event.

The confusion that arose as a result of the mail with respect to the promotion is

that, it is largely known by all and sundry in the institution that, most promotions

goes to favor the field officers who have to walk under the sun all day to get to a

prospective client who may need cash to settle some bills. They need to be

rewarded and motivated in lieu of the client because the field officer is paid only

commission based on the number of people s/he is able to bring to the office for

loan facility.

This pragmatic illustration indicated and implied that the previous knowledge of

the sales managers and the field workers infused the interpretation of the mail

hence rendered the promotion otiose.

The national operations manager upon realizing the failure of the promotion

decided to take a tour in all the branches to ascertain the cause of the failure

realized it was largely as a result of miscommunication and provided the

managers and the field workers the intent of the promotion.

Relevance of effective communication in this respect:

Intent of the promotion:

To encourage clients to see our loan as the best in the market

To beat competition among the financial market

To encourage the benefitted clients to recommend the company as the

best credit worthy institution.

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To promote value for customer service and relations

To introduce and provide efficient one stop shop for all financial needs to

Government workers.

With all these client- enhancing intention of the Chairman, the promotion was

rendered ineffective due to the lack of proper organization of thought, laxity in the

attempt to further enlighten and educate operators of the message, noise,

educational/ cultural background, semantic barrier as indicated earlier

3. WRITING FOR BUSINESS AUDIENCE

Writing for business audiences deserve a unique approach and specialization

that would include all required and relevant information necessary for the

consumption of the interested parties.

The audience in this sense could refer to the kind of business and it‟s public. A

manufacturing company that produces Baby‟s Diapers may have all mothers and

family homes in the world as audiences or public, hence tailored made the

message that would appealing to them. The appeal is to enable them patronize

their products.

Such a manufacturing company (aforementioned) first and foremost must

undergo feasibility studies to discover relevant needs of mothers in the quest to

handle the waste of their babies. This could be the kind of material that could

better soap the waste of babies.

As explained earlier, communication has both internal and external responsibility

to adequately inform parties interested in the business pertinent information that

would enable execute their task as expected of them.

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Before I proceed to underscore the structure of these writings, let us quickly look

at some of the writing tools/channels appropriate for internal communication:

Memorandum (Memo)

Telephone

Face to face

Text message

Internet Chat or Social Media Chat viz Whatsapp, Yahoo Messenger,

Google Chat, Skype etc.

Before any of these channels are used, there must be a very important

considerations or factors related to the significance of the message. Below are

the factors to consider:

Availability: what channels either already exist within the organization or

can be introduced effectively? What formal tool is already created by the

MIS department of the organization? Is there any available business

ethics are policy rules regarding information dissemination?

Audience: who are they, where are they based, how do they prefer to

access information and how effective will the proposed channel be in

reaching them and engaging them? If it‟s your boss, how close and cordial

is your relationship with him, is he a tough kind of person who always read

meaning of degradation into everything when there is a fall short of formal

structures.

Objectives: what does the organization want people to learn, think, feel or

do as a result of the message? What is the purpose of the message? Is it

necessary to serve as evidence for future reference therefore needs to be

secured for posterity? How relevant is it to your specific job?

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Content: what is the context and substance of the message? (For

example, sensitive messages may need to be communicated face-to-face,

rather than by, say, SMS text message.) The content of the message is

necessary to determine the tool that conveys it.

Timing: how urgent is the message? For example, communications in

times of crisis which require quick dissemination of important messages.

When there is fire outbreak at the fourth floor where sensitive equipment

of the company are kept, even though, emails maybe the formal

communication channels in the organization, it is not appropriate to use

but telephone and or voice scream may help salvage the situation.

a. The Writing Process

Analyze your audience

Research your information

Proofread for grammatical errors

Analyze your audience:

When writing for business audience, the message must be prepared with the

audience in mind, purposeful and economical.

The consumers of the message must be considered in the drafting of the

message.

Research your information:

Having looked at the factors or considerations it becomes necessary to resort to

technical writing skills by gathering information through accessing data

electronically and the use of other research methods.

Proofread for grammatical errors:

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Grammatical errors send a wrong signal to the reader and it is having the

capacity to create a wrong impression about the writer. The message itself could

be misunderstood or rubbished by the reader in any case of such errors and it‟s

imperative that it is avoided.

In order to win the day by getting the appropriate response from business

audiences, one must improve s/her writing skills by adopting formal research

methods. This includes searching manually for information, accessing data

electronically and using information that you find directly by interviewing your

sources. Better still, you can conduct scientific experiments that would unravel

the core needs of the audience and with this the write up would be appreciated

by the audience.

According to Mary Ellen Guffey

These grammatical measures must undertake to clear away any incidence of

errors:

Eliminate wordy prepositional phrases, long lead-ins, outdated

expressions and needless adverbs.

Eliminate fillers, repetitious words, and redundancies.

Revise for jargon use and avoid slang and clichés

Revise to include precise verbs, concrete nouns, and vivid adjectives.

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4. WAYS TO CORRESPONDENCE AT WORK

a. Emails:

Emails are types of written communication that the world over uses to inform,

share ideas and other internet transferable materials. Emails have made

businesses to correspond at work and created a large platform for both the

sender and the receiver to freely express themselves for intended result.

Emails have connected the world to engage in all forms of businesses and

schools are now possible on the internet as a result of the Information and

Communication Technology.

Email has come to transform manual letter writing to electronic writing (typing)

which the latter was regarded decades ago as the most secure and evident-

sensitive method of writing to people regarded as high profile in society.

Certain etiquettes are observed when using emails at work and other field of

operations. To write an effective email, the message must be concise with a

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single topic enabling the recipient to always refer when looking for the same

message.

EmailTray rightly put some basic elements to look out for when encoding and

processing our thought to send business mail. This is referred to as Email

Etiquette Rules:

Make it easy to read and understand your message

As indicated earlier, a sender of a message and a receiver may vary in terms of

understanding based on their cultural, educational and social background, it is

important that emails that are sent recognizes the recipients ability in decoding

the message. Usual words common to both users should be used and

conciseness of the words and sentences should be enabled to render the reader

clearer on the purpose of the message.

Use proper grammar, spelling and punctuation

A message not properly organized in terms of grammar, spellings, and

punctuation could render it meaningless. Spelling words wrongly could take the

recipients so many minutes to fathom exactly the combining thought of the writer.

Its good if words are correctly checked before the punch key is pressed for the

message to be sent.

Messages typed in ALL CAP connotes shouting on the receiver of the message

and it is difficult to read whilst messages also typed in small letters could imply

the intellectual deficiency on the part of the sender.

Avoid using slang and other informal words which may not be at the disposal of

the receiver such as ain‟t, wanna, whats up, gonna etc.

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Be careful with styling and formatting

Messages meant formal usage must abide by the standard format usually used

to enhance readability and understandability. The type of font and the font size

must be either Times New Roman or Arial and the 12 as size. In order to

emphasize and draw more attention to a particular part of the message, the font

size 14, underline or bold tools could be used.

The positioning of these formatting tools also enables the reader to match lines

to line with quick understanding.

Be thoughtful and polite

Every beginning of the mail must begin with appropriate salutation like Dear Sir,

Hello, etc and the end must also include a closing phrase like Best regards,

Sincerely, Thank you, to signify closing remarks.

The diction must always be sincerely polite and brief not to create wrong

impressions.

Check it twice before you send

Check your email before sending to see if you wanted to send an attachment but

forgot to include it. Ask for permission before sending huge attachments.

Make sure the Subject field in not empty. The subject line should reflect the main

idea of the message.

Make sure the address or addresses in the To: field are those you wish to send

your message to.

Spell-check your message before sending: a message with typographical

mistakes can be treated as unserious or even be ignored.

Before clicking Send, reread your email to make sure it is not emotionally

charged or impolite.

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b. Memorandum

Memo is the short pronunciation for memorandum.

It is usually created by oganisations to quickly and officially disseminate

information among the nook and cranny within an organization. Whereas Emails

and Letters may be sent to outsiders of an organization, memos are there to

serve the internal need to manage information among employees and the

employer.

Below is the general format for memos

The Company‟s Letterhead (Name of Company and Address)

Date of Memo

To: The recipient of the memo

From: Writer of the memo

Subject: Title of Memo

Body: Message

Attachment (if any)

Copy to any interested party (if the need be)

Initials of the sender

c. Routine Letters and Goodwill Messages

With the various exercises at workplaces, there are certain undertakings that

define the work done in various organizations. These activities are done on daily

basis for the organization to run and they are called routine works.

In the exercise of these activities, letters are written and some sort of

encouragement and pleasantries are exchanged by the staff and clients of the

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organization. These day to day letters are referred to as routine letters and the

pleasantries that encourage the clients are the good will messages.

Some of these routine letters and goodwill messages include requesting

information and action, ordering merchandise, making claims, responding to

information requests, granting claims, letters of recommendations and other gifts

and cards with goodwill messages. The card with goodwill messages could be

the client‟s name and recognition of his or her birthday.

d. Persuasive messages

Persuasive messages are important in meeting certain demands for the

organization. It is usually applied when an organization wants to request for

favors or activate certain actions; carefully planned sales letters make claims and

request adjustment.

There is specific duty line bestowed on the writer to persuade when appropriate

in order to:

Build interest with stakeholders

Obtain readers‟ attention and interest

Reduce resistance and motivate action

A Greek Sophist in the early century taught and encouraged humanity to adopt

persuasive skills in matters of mutual concern (in courts and public forum) that

transcend basic facts.

Aristotle acceded to this philosophy and argued that “We ought to in fairness

to fight our case with no help beyond the basic facts… other things affect

the result considerably owing to the defects of our hearers” he recognized

that there were three basic elements in the act of persuasion:

Ethos – establishment of sender credibility, or believability.

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Aristotle recognized that, our appearances, stature and previous experiences in

standing and in relation to events creates good impression hence, attaching and

catching the conscience of people to believe in us. A sender who is able to

establish a good and credible image and reputation of his or herself is the

advantages of winning the game of believe of people.

Logos – appealing to reason.

Appealing to reason is based on making rational arguments that touch the

reasoning of people. This element is based on factual evidence that is capable of

drawing a conclusion in favor of the sender.

Persuasive argument in business writing usually consists of the following:

a. A clear presentation of facts and inferences

b. An objective analysis of this information

c. Reasoned conclusions from the analysis

d. And a proposed course of action based on these conclusions.

Pathos – appeal to emotions

Whereas business communication generally does not deal with emotive issues,

the client, customers, or the audience react emotionally to certain calls. It is

hence important to know the areas that are strongly influenced by emotions and

take advantage over it to the benefit of the organization.

In conclusion, persuasive letter must be properly set out and clear to draw the

heart of the reader to understand and act in favor in order to benefit the

organization at large.

e. Negative Messages

Negative messages are used at a point when no option is at the disposal of the

sender to persuade the audience. It is usually used when refusing requests,

refusing claims, and announcing bad news to customers and employees.

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However, this is done with some degree of mildness and down tone to forestall

further relationship with the customer.

5. BUSINESS REPORTS AND PROPOSAL

A report is a formal account of transactions that have taken place within an

organization presented for the consumption stakeholders. It can also be any

informational work made with the specific intention of relaying information or

recounting certain events in a presentable form.

Reports can be classified as formal and informal depending on the recipients,

situation and other factors.

Informal report as against a formal report derives the distinguishing features from

the length, formality, nature, recipient (as said earlier), format, style, coherence

etc.

My focus is on the informal classification which has specific need of the internal

organization and its progress.

a. Informal Reports:

This report defines the project, gather data, use appropriate writing style, and

compose effective headings and exhibit objectivity.

There are six kind of informal report. These include:

Information and progress Report

Justification/Recommendation Report

Feasibility Reports

Minutes of Meetings

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Summaries

b. Informal Proposal:

This is also called letter proposals which are usually two-four pages and contain

six principal parts, which are listed as format.

Informal Proposal has the following format

An introduction

Background

Proposal

Staffing

Budget

Authorizations

Conclusion

The underlining fact is that, businesses operate properly based on the priority

place on their communication dexterity. Local, National and international

organization strive their survival on communication. They may varying

circumstances and hurdles the businesses over the world encounter but with the

right communication out such the public relations, they always survive all odds.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Joseph, A. D. (2008) Human Communication: The Basic Course";

2. Mary E. G. Essentials of Business Communication. 6th Edition. South-

Western College Publishing.

3. Peter H. Clive G. B. (2002) Business Communication. Rutledge. London

4. www.businesscommunicationarticle.com

5. Wikipaedia (Free Encyclopaedia)