Business Administration

Part (3)Stage one

Department of Business Administration

By: Ahmed Mahmood AlFiky

Behavioral Approaches to Behavioral Approaches to ManagementManagement

- Hawthorne studies Time: 1924—the early 1930s Place: Hawthorne plant in the Western Electric Company Designer: Western Electric industrial engineers Elton Mayo

and his associates

initial study to examine the relationship of economic incentives and physical conditions on worker output

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HawthorneHawthorne studiesstudies Mayo’s Finding:

- Behavior and sentiments are closely related.- Group influences significantly affect individual

behavior.- Group standards establish individual worker

output.- Money is less a factor in determining output than

are group standards, group sentiments, and security.

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Theory X and Theory YTheory X and Theory Y McGregor’sMcGregor’s

According to Theory X, managers believe workersdislike worklack ambitionare irresponsibleare resistant to changeprefer to be led

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Theory X and Theory YTheory X and Theory Y McGregor’sMcGregor’s

According to Theory Y, managers believe workersare willing to workare capable of self controlaccept responsibilityare imaginative and creativeself-directed

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The Quantitative ApproachThe Quantitative Approach in Business Administrationin Business Administration

What are quantitative approaches?- The quantitative approach to management,

sometimes referred to as operations research (OR) or management science.

- It includes applications of statistics, optimization models, information models, and computer simulations, linear programming, and so on, which can be used to solve management problems.

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The Quantitative ApproachThe Quantitative Approach How have they contributed to

current management practice?

In general, the quantitative approaches have contributed directly to management decision making, particularly to planning and control decisions.

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Current Trends and IssuesCurrent Trends and Issues in Business Administrationin Business Administration

1. Globalization2. Ethics3. Workforce Diversity4. Entrepreneurship5. E-business6. Knowledge Management7. Learning Organizations8. Quality Management

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